keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534666/rapid-phenotypic-antibiotic-susceptibility-profiling-of-clinical-escherichia-coli-and-klebsiella-pneumoniae-blood-cultures
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Idan Hefetz, Rita Bardenstein, Shahar Rotem, Galia Zaide, Gal Bilinsky, Ohad Shifman, Oren Zimhony, Ronit Aloni-Grinstein
Bloodstream infections (BSI) are defined by the presence of viable bacteria or fungi, accompanied by systemic signs of infection. Choosing empirical therapy based solely on patient risk factors and prior antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) may lead to either ineffective treatment or unnecessarily broad-spectrum antibiotic exposure. In general, Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute guideline-approved ASTs have a turnaround time of 48-72 h from sample to answer, a period that may result in a critical delay in the appropriate selection of therapy...
February 29, 2024: Antibiotics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533334/protective-potential-of-outer-membrane-vesicles-derived-from-a-virulent-strain-of-francisella-tularensis
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ivona Pavkova, Jan Bavlovic, Klara Kubelkova, Jiri Stulik, Jana Klimentova
Francisella tularensis secretes tubular outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that contain a number of immunoreactive proteins as well as virulence factors. We have reported previously that isolated Francisella OMVs enter macrophages, cumulate inside, and induce a strong pro-inflammatory response. In the current article, we present that OMVs treatment of macrophages also enhances phagocytosis of the bacteria and suppresses their intracellular replication. On the other hand, the subsequent infection with Francisella is able to revert to some extent the strong pro-inflammatory effect induced by OMVs in macrophages...
2024: Frontiers in Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38500499/functional-characterization-of-francisella-tularensis-subspecies-holarctica-genotypes-during-tick-cell-and-macrophage-infections-using-a-proteogenomic-approach
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sara Doina Schütz, Maximilian Brackmann, Nicole Liechti, Michel Moser, Matthias Wittwer, Rémy Bruggmann
Tularemia is a vector-borne disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis . Known hosts and vectors in Europe are hare and ticks. F. tularensis is transmitted from ticks and animals, but also from the hydrotelluric environment and the consumption of contaminated water or food. A changing climate expands the range in which ticks can live and consequently might contribute to increasing case numbers of tularemia. Two subspecies of F. tularensis are human pathogenic. Francisella tularensis tularensis (Ftt) is endemic in North America, while Francisella tularensis holarctica (Fth) is the only subspecies causing tularemia in Europe...
2024: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493438/development-of-a-sensor-for-disulfide-bond-formation-in-diverse-bacteria
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dyotima, Sally Abulaila, Jocelyne Mendoza, Cristina Landeta
UNLABELLED: In bacteria, disulfide bonds contribute to the folding and stability of proteins important for processes in the cellular envelope. In Escherichia coli , disulfide bond formation is catalyzed by DsbA and DsbB enzymes. DsbA is a periplasmic protein that catalyzes disulfide bond formation in substrate proteins, while DsbB is an inner membrane protein that transfers electrons from DsbA to quinones, thereby regenerating the DsbA active state. Actinobacteria including mycobacteria use an alternative enzyme named VKOR, which performs the same function as DsbB...
March 13, 2024: Journal of Bacteriology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38492609/identification-of-an-n-terminal-tag-580n-that-improves-the-biosynthesis-of-fluorescent-proteins-in-francisella-tularensis-and-other-gram-negative-bacteria
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kristen Haggerty, Stuart Cantlay, Emily Young, Mariah K Cashbaugh, Elio F Delatore Iii, Rori Schreiber, Hayden Hess, Daniel R Komlosi, Sarah Butler, Dalton Bolon, Theresa Evangelista, Takoda Hager, Claire Kelly, Katherine Phillips, Jada Voellinger, Robert M Q Shanks, Joseph Horzempa
Utilization of fluorescent proteins is widespread for the study of microbial pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions. Here, we discovered that linkage of the 36 N-terminal amino acids of FTL_0580 (a hypothetical protein of Francisella tularensis) to fluorescent proteins increases the fluorescence emission of bacteria that express these recombinant fusions. This N-terminal peptide will be referred to as 580N. Western blotting revealed that the linkage of 580N to Emerald Green Fluorescent Protein (EmGFP) in F...
March 14, 2024: Molecular and Cellular Probes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38492103/dynamics-of-changes-in-the-camp-cgmp-concentration-ratio-in-the-thymus-and-spleen-of-laboratory-mice-during-vaccination-against-plague-and-tularemia-against-the-background-of-immunomodulation
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
V I Dubrovina, O V Yur'eva, A B Pyatidesyatnikova, T P Starovoitova, S V Balakhonov
Vaccine strains Yersinia pestis EV NIIEG at a dose of 103 CFU and Francisella tularensis 15 NIIEG at a dose of 102 CFU induced changes in the concentration of cyclic nucleotides in the thymus and spleen of white mice. Antigen-induced changes in the cAMP/cGMP ratio in immunocompetent organs had a phase or oscillatory character, which seems to be related to the regulation of postvaccination immunoreactivity in the body. Synthetic organoselenium compound 974zh stimulated an increase in the amplitude of cAMP/cGMP oscillations, indicating its stimulating effect on the immunogenic properties of vaccine strains at doses an order of magnitude below the standard doses...
March 16, 2024: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38480644/tularemia-on-the-rise-in-switzerland-a-one-health-approach-is-needed
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael Buettcher, Adrian Egli, Sarah Albini, Ekkehardt Altpeter, Anton Labutin, Valeria Guidi, Mauro Tonolla, Reto Lienhard, Onya Opota, Patrizia Schmid, Tsering Wuethrich, Kristina M Schmidt
In the last 10 years, an increase in tularemia cases has been observed in both humans and animals in Switzerland. In these, infection with Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of the zoonotic disease tularemia, can occur through arthropod vectors or contact to infected animals or exposure to contaminated environmental sources. Currently, we are only able to postulate potential aetiologies: (i) behavioral changes of humans with more exposure to endemic habitats of infected arthropod vectors; (ii) an increased rate of tularemia infected ticks; (iii) increasing number and geographical regions of tick biotopes; (iv) increasing and/or more diverse reservoir populations; (v) increasing presence of bacteria in the environment; (vi) raised awareness and increased testing among physicians; (vii) improved laboratory techniques including molecular testing...
March 14, 2024: Infection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38465237/marmosets-as-models-of-infectious-diseases
#8
REVIEW
Ian C T Herron, Thomas R Laws, Michelle Nelson
Animal models of infectious disease often serve a crucial purpose in obtaining licensure of therapeutics and medical countermeasures, particularly in situations where human trials are not feasible, i.e., for those diseases that occur infrequently in the human population. The common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus ), a Neotropical new-world (platyrrhines) non-human primate, has gained increasing attention as an animal model for a number of diseases given its small size, availability and evolutionary proximity to humans...
2024: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38461051/current-vaccine-strategies-and-novel-approaches-to-combatting-francisella-infection
#9
REVIEW
Jaikin E Harrell, Chad J Roy, John S Gunn, James B McLachlan
Tularemia is caused by subspecies of Francisella tularensis and can manifest in a variety of disease states, with the pneumonic presentation resulting in the greatest mortality. Despite decades of research, there are no approved vaccines against F. tularensis in the United States. Traditional vaccination strategies, such as live-attenuated or subunit vaccines, are not favorable due to inadequate protection or safety concerns. Because of this, novel vaccination strategies are needed to combat tularemia. Here we discuss the current state of and challenges to the tularemia vaccine field and suggest novel vaccine approaches going forward that might be better suited for protecting against F...
March 8, 2024: Vaccine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38460359/new-records-of-pathogenic-bacteria-in-different-species-of-fleas-collected-from-domestic-and-peridomestic-animals-in-spain-a-potential-zoonotic-threat
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Antonio Zurita, Ignacio Trujillo, Cristina Cutillas
Climate change is causing many vectors of infectious diseases to expand their geographic distribution as well as the pathogens they transmit are also conditioned by temperature for their multiplication. Within this context, it is worth highlighting the significant role that fleas can play as vectors of important pathogenic bacteria. For this purpose, our efforts focused on detecting and identifying a total of 9 bacterial genera (Rickettsia sp.; Bartonella sp.; Yersinia sp.; Wolbachia sp., Mycobacterium sp., Leishmania sp...
March 4, 2024: Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38457094/thoracic-manifestations-of-tularaemia-a-case-series
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M Vacca, B Wilhelms, S Zange, K Avsar, W Gesierich, M Heiß-Neumann
BACKGROUND: Tularaemia is a zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis, a highly virulent bacterium that affects humans and small wild animals. It is transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or indirectly through contaminated soil, water or arthropod bites (e.g. ticks). Primary thoracic manifestations of tularaemia are infrequent and, therefore, a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. METHODS: We report six tularaemia cases with exclusively thoracic involvement diagnosed in a clinic for pulmonary diseases in Bavaria between 10/2020 and 02/2022...
March 8, 2024: Infection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38443775/diversity-of-midgut-microbiota-in-ticks-collected-from-white-tailed-deer-odocoileus-virginianus-from-northern-mexico
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zinnia Judith Molina-Garza, Mariana Cuesy-León, Lidia Baylón-Pacheco, José Luis Rosales-Encina, Lucio Galaviz-Silva
Ticks host different pathogens as endosymbiont and nonpathogenic microorganisms and play an important role in reproductive fitness and nutrient provision. However, the bacterial microbiomes of white-tailed deer ticks have received minimal attention. This study aimed to examine the bacterial microbiome of ticks collected from Odocoileus virginianus on the Mexico-United States border to assess differences in microbiome diversity in ticks of different species, sexes, and localities. Five different tick species were collected: Rhipicephalus microplus, Dermacentor nitens, Otobius megnini, Amblyomma cajennense, and A...
February 2024: Parasites Hosts Dis
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38421161/mutation-of-wbtj-a-n-formyltransferase-involved-in-o-antigen-synthesis-results-in-biofilm-formation-phase-variation-and-attenuation-in-francisella-tularensis
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kevin D Mlynek, Ronald G Toothman, Elsie E Martinez, Ju Qiu, Joshua B Richardson, Joel A Bozue
Two clinically important subspecies, Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis (type A) and F. tularensis subsp. holarctica (type B) are responsible for most tularaemia cases, but these isolates typically form a weak biofilm under in vitro conditions. Phase variation of the F. tularensis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been reported in these subspecies, but the role of variation is unclear as LPS is crucial for virulence. We previously demonstrated that a subpopulation of LPS variants can constitutively form a robust biofilm in vitro, but it is unclear whether virulence was affected...
February 2024: Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38414058/an-integrated-data-analysis-reveals-distribution-hosts-and-pathogen-diversity-of-haemaphysalis-concinna
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jing Liu, Xiao-Yu Han, Run-Ze Ye, Qing Xu, Xiao-Yang Wang, Ze-Hui Li, Yi Sun, Ke Song, Bao-Yu Wang, Shan-Shan Wang, Jin-Yue Liu, Lin Zhao, Wu-Chun Cao
BACKGROUND: Haemaphysalis concinna, carrying multiple pathogens, has attracted increasing attention because of its expanded geographical range and significant role in disease transmission. This study aimed to identify the potential public health risks posed by H. concinna and H. concinna-associated pathogens. METHODS: A comprehensive database integrating a field survey, literature review, reference book, and relevant websites was developed. The geographical distribution of H...
February 27, 2024: Parasites & Vectors
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38393822/targeting-tularemia-clinical-laboratory-and-treatment-outcomes-from-an-11-year-retrospective-observational-cohort-in-northern-sweden
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Martin Plymoth, Robert Lundquist, Anders Nystedt, Anders Sjöstedt, Tomas N Gustafsson
BACKGROUND: Tularemia is an important re-emerging disease with a multimodal transmission-pattern. Treatment outcomes of current recommended antibiotic regimens (including ciprofloxacin and doxycycline) remain unclear. In this retrospective cohort study, we report clinical, laboratory, geographical, and treatment outcomes of laboratory-confirmed tularemia cases over an 11-year period in Northern Sweden. METHODS: Data from reported tularemia cases (aged >10 years at time of study) in Norrbotten county between 2011-2021 were collected through review of electronic medical records and participant questionnaires; with 415 out of 784 accepting participation (52...
February 23, 2024: Clinical Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38393764/water-and-mosquitoes-as-key-components-of-the-infective-cycle-of-francisella-tularensis-in-europe-a-review
#16
REVIEW
Daniel Herrera-Rodríguez, Sara Jareño-Moreno, Clara Buch-Cardona, François Mougeot, Juan José Luque-Larena, Dolors Vidal
Francisella tularensis is the pathogen of tularemia, a zoonotic disease that have a broad range of hosts. Its epidemiology is related to aquatic environments, particularly in the subspecies holarctica . In this review, we explore the role of water and mosquitoes in the epidemiology of Francisella in Europe. F. tularensis epidemiology has been linked to natural waters, where its persistence has been associated with biofilm and amebas. In Sweden and Finland, the European countries where most human cases have been reported, mosquito bites are a main route of transmission...
February 23, 2024: Critical Reviews in Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38380456/an-unusual-etiology-of-fluorodeoxyglucose-avid-intrathoracic-lymph-nodes
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alyssa Bonnier, Santu Saha, Adam Austin, Biplab K Saha
A middle-aged man in his 50s, active smoker, presented to the pulmonary office for lung cancer evaluation. On a low-dose computed tomography for lung cancer screening, he was found to have an 8 mm endobronchial lesion in the right main stem bronchus. A PET-CT revealed no endobronchial lesion, but incidentally, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avidity was present in the right hilar (SUV 13.2) and paratracheal lymph nodes (LNs). He underwent bronchoscopy and EBUS-TBNA of station 7 and 10 R LNs. The fine needle aspiration (FNA) revealed necrotizing epithelioid granuloma...
2024: Prague Medical Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38380104/phenotypic-and-transcriptional-characterization-of-f-tularensis-lvs-during-transition-into-a-viable-but-non-culturable-state
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stuart Cantlay, Nicole L Garrison, Rachelle Patterson, Kassey Wagner, Zoei Kirk, Jun Fan, Donald A Primerano, Mara L G Sullivan, Jonathan M Franks, Donna B Stolz, Joseph Horzempa
Francisella tularensis is a gram-negative, intracellular pathogen which can cause serious, potentially fatal, illness in humans. Species of F. tularensis are found across the Northern Hemisphere and can infect a broad range of host species, including humans. Factors affecting the persistence of F. tularensis in the environment and its epidemiology are not well understood, however, the ability of F. tularensis to enter a viable but non-culturable state (VBNC) may be important. A broad range of bacteria, including many pathogens, have been observed to enter the VBNC state in response to stressful environmental conditions, such as nutrient limitation, osmotic or oxidative stress or low temperature...
2024: Frontiers in Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38354994/first-report-of-anaplasma-spp-ehrlichia-spp-and-rickettsia-spp-in-amblyomma-gervaisi-ticks-infesting-monitor-lizards-varanus-begalensis-of-pakistan
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shakir Ullah, Jing-Syuan Huang, Afshan Khan, Raquel Cossío-Bayúgar, Nasreen Nasreen, Sadaf Niaz, Adil Khan, Tsai-Ying Yen, Kun-Hsien Tsai, Mourad Ben Said
Ticks pose significant health risks to both wildlife and humans due to their role as vectors for various pathogens. In this study, we investigated tick infestation patterns, tick-associated pathogens, and genetic relationships within the tick species Amblyomma gervaisi, focusing on its prevalence in monitor lizards (Varanus bengalensis) across different districts in Pakistan. We examined 85 monitor lizards and identified an overall mean intensity of 19.59 ticks per infested lizard and an overall mean abundance of 11...
February 13, 2024: Infection, Genetics and Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38347948/mass-spectrometry-of-putrescine-spermidine-and-spermine-covalently-attached-to-francisella-tularensis-universal-stress-protein-and-bovine-albumin
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lawrence M Schopfer, Benjamin Girardo, Oksana Lockridge, Marilynn A Larson
Bacterial and mammalian cells are rich in putrescine, spermidine, and spermine. Polyamines are required for optimum fitness, but the biological function of these small aliphatic compounds has only been partially revealed. Known functions of polyamines include interaction with nucleic acids that alters gene expression and with proteins that modulate activity. Although polyamines can be incorporated into proteins, very few naturally occurring polyaminated proteins have been identified, which is due in part to the difficulty in detecting these adducts...
2024: Biochemistry Research International
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