tumor stroma ratio

CONTEXT: Low grade oncocytic tumor (LOT) is a recently recognized renal oncocytic neoplasm with unique morphologic and immunohistochemical pattern (CK7 +, CD117 -) that differentiates them from oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChrRCC). OBJECTIVE: To further evaluate the histomorphological characteristics as well as the clinical outcome of low grade oncocytic tumors, retrospectively. DESIGN: Thirteen cases of LOT were identified from 463 cases of renal oncocytic neoplasm in our pathology archive...

BACKGROUND: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) exist in various malignancies, and have been viewed as a promising biomarker to predict the efficacy and outcome of treatment. However, the marked inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity of TILs has resulted in some confusion regarding their impact on the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: In this study, 78 CRC patients were enrolled and the CD3+ and CD8+ TILs densities at the tumor center (TC), the invasive margin (IM) and the tumor stroma (TS) were assessed by immunohistochemical staining...

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive tumor. Prognosis is poor and survival is low in patients diagnosed with this disease, with a survival rate of ~12% at 5 years. Immunotherapy, including adoptive T cell transfer therapy, has not impacted the outcomes in patients with PDAC, due in part to the hostile tumor microenvironment (TME) which limits T cell trafficking and persistence. We posit that murine models serve as useful tools to study the fate of T cell therapy...

Estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) breast cancer is an aggressive breast cancer subtype with limited therapeutic options. Upregulated expression of both inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) and cyclo-oxygenase (COX2) in breast tumors predicts poor clinical outcomes. Signaling molecules released by these enzymes activate oncogenic pathways, driving cancer stemness, metastasis, and immune suppression. The influence of tumor NOS2/COX2 expression on the landscape of immune markers using multiplex fluorescence imaging of 21 ER-breast tumors were stratified for survival...

Positron emission tomography (PET) is an integral part of the imaging of solid tumors in today's oncology practice. The most commonly used PET radiotracer is 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG). FDG PET has imaging characteristics of a high tumor-to-background uptake ratio and is used in the detection of primary as well as metastatic sites. However, a significant pitfall is its inability to differentiate between neoplastic and infective lesions. To address this concern, many PET radiotracers have been developed and tried over time, a promising one being radiolabelled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)...

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: Salivary gland tumors represent about 3% of the head and neck tumors. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign salivary gland tumor. PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate and describe some clinical and histopathological aspects of salivary pleomorphic adenomas with special reference to the epithelial and mesenchymal components. MATERIALS AND METHOD: In this retrospective study, one hundred tissue samples diagnosed as PA were sourced from archival tissue blocks between 2009 and 2019 in this retrospective study...

CONTEXT.—: Retraction artifact, paradoxic maturation/differentiation, desmoplasia, and complex irregular growth are morphologic criteria of invasion in urothelial carcinoma. OBJECTIVE.—: To describe changes mimicking invasion in noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma (NPUC). DESIGN.—: We reviewed 159 consecutive in-house patients with NPUC for either the presence of pseudoinvasion (irregular carcinoma nests within dense hyalinized stroma in the absence of other criteria of invasion) or precursor findings (stromal hyalinization not yet associated with epithelial architectural alteration)...

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare the feasibility and effectiveness of automatic deep learning network and radiomics models in differentiating low tumor stroma ratio (TSR) from high TSR in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a total of 207 PDAC patients from three centers (training cohort: n = 160; test cohort: n = 47). TSR was assessed on hematoxylin and eosin-stained specimens by experienced pathologists and divided as low TSR and high TSR...

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is considered the third most prevalent cancer in both sexes. Immune checkpoint receptors that regulate T-cell response, stimulation, and development include lymphocyte activating gene 3 (LAG-3), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3). In addition, they are crucial for the advancement of cancer and tumor immune escape. OBJECTIVE: This work's aim was to assess the immunohistochemistry expression of Tim-3, CTLA-4, and LAG-3 in cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the correlation between these markers and clinicopathological variables and survival data...

The calculation of Tumor Stroma Ratio (TSR) is a challenging medical issue that could improve predictions of neoadjuvant chemotherapy benefits and patient prognoses. Although several studies on breast cancer and deep learning methods have achieved promising results, the drawbacks that pixel-level semantic segmentation processes could not extract core tumor regions containing both tumor pixels and stroma pixels make it difficult to accurately calculate TSR. In this paper, we propose a Vague-Segment Technique (VST) consisting of a designed SwinV2UNet module and a modified Suzuki algorithm...

INTRODUCTION: Among the epithelial malignancies of the head and neck region, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) arising from the oral mucosa is the commonest type. OSCC is common in the older population; however, recent epidemiological data indicate an increase in the incidence in the younger age group. The present study was designed to compare the clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC between young and old South Indian patients. METHODS: All the histopathologically confirmed cases of OSCC were retrieved from the department archives...

Tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) is prognostic in multiple cancers, while its role in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) remains unclear. Despite the prognostic insight gained from genetic profiles and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), the prognostic use of histology slides remains limited, while it enables the identification of tumor characteristics via computational pathology reducing scoring time and costs. To address this, this study aimed to assess TSR's prognostic role in HGSOC and its association with TILs...

BACKGROUND: Comprehensive genomic analysis has shown that small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) has different genomic profiles from gastric and colorectal cancers. Hence, it is essential to establish chemotherapeutic regimens based on SBA characteristics. The expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death-ligand 2 (PD-L2) in SBA is not fully understood. Anti-PD-L1/PD-1 therapy uses tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs); therefore, the status of TILs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) may influence their efficacy...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in India. The conventional visual method of evaluation of Tumor-Stroma Ratio (TSR) and Stromal Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (sTIL) appears to be subjective. The present study aims to evaluate the utility of the indigenously designed square grid method for the evaluation of tumor-stroma ratio and stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in invasive breast carcinoma by assessing the inter-observer variability...

BACKGROUND: A methodology to assess the immune microenvironment (IME) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been established, and the prognostic impact of IME factors is not yet clear. AIMS: This study aimed to assess the IME factors and evaluate their prognostic values. METHODS AND RESULTS: We assessed CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density, forkhead box protein P3+ (Foxp3+ ) TIL density, and programmed death receptor ligand-1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score (TPS) using a machine-learning algorithm in whole-slide imaging (WSI)...

Diagnosis and risk stratification are cornerstones of therapeutic decisions in the management of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Diagnostic modalities provide data that can be integrated, to provide nomograms and stratification tools to predict survival and adverse outcomes. This study reviews cytology, ureterorenoscopy and the novel tools and techniques used with it (including photodynamic diagnosis, narrow-band imaging, optical coherence tomography, and confocal laser endomicroscopy), and biopsy...

Fibroblast activation protein is overexpressed in the stroma of several cancer types. 18 F-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-74 is a PET tracer with high selectivity for fibroblast activation protein and has shown high accumulation in human tumors in clinical studies. However, the use of 18 F-FAPI-74 for PET imaging of gastrointestinal cancer has not been systematically investigated. Herein, we investigated the diagnostic accuracy of 18 F-FAPI-74 (18 F-LNC1005) PET/CT in gastric, liver, and pancreatic cancers and compared the results with those of 18 F-FDG PET/CT...

The combination of highly specific targeting ability and potent killing effect has made antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) a popular area of focus in the development of anti-cancer drugs. However, the large molecular weight of IgG antibodies (~ 150 kDa) often faces challenges in penetrating capillaries and stroma in tumor tissue. Moreover, when the drug-antibody ratio (DAR) is too low (DAR < 2) or too high (DAR > 6) it decreases the effectiveness of the ADC and further increases the potential for aggregation, overall clearance of the early system payload, and release rate...

Background Tumor progression is influenced by the complex network of different cellular elements that make up its microenvironment. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and stroma characteristics reflect two faces of the intricate mechanisms involved in the tumor-host interaction and can be easily evaluated by routine histological examination. Their prognostic value could be demonstrated in different tumor tumor types, but they are poorly explored in cervical cancer. Methodology In this retrospective study, we analyzed the association of TILs, tumor-stroma ratio (TSR), and pattern of stromal fibroblasts with prognosis and classical clinicopathological variables...

Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological cancers in the world. In recent years, nucleic acid (NA)-based formulations have been shown to be promising treatments for ovarian cancer, including tumor nodules. However, gene therapy is not that far advanced in clinical reality due to unfavorable physicochemical properties of the NAs, such as high molecular weight, poor cellular uptake, rapid degradation by nucleases, etc. One of the strategies used to overcome these drawbacks is the complexation of anionic NAs via electrostatic interactions with cationic polymers, resulting in the formation of so-called polyplexes...