cell-based coagulation theory

The recent "cell-based theory" of coagulation suggests that platelets serve as the site of coagulation factor reactions, making platelets an effective target for inhibiting membrane thrombosis. Unfortunately, there is limited research on how blood purification membranes affect platelet intracellular signaling. In this study, we modified polyethersulfone (PES) membranes with the platelet phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor dipyridamole (DIP) and investigated the effects of the DIP/PES (DP) membranes on platelet adhesion, activation, aggregation, and secretion, as well as the role of the PDE-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) intracellular signaling pathway...

In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the liver is the "general organ" that is responsible for governing/maintaining the free flow of qi over the entire body and storing blood. According to the classic five elements theory, zang-xiang theory, yin-yang theory, meridians and collaterals theory, and the five-viscera correlation theory, the liver has essential relationships with many extrahepatic organs or tissues, such as the mother-child relationships between the liver and the heart, and the yin-yang and exterior-interior relationships between the liver and the gallbladder...

Anticoagulant surface modification of blood-contacting materials has been shown to be effective in preventing thrombosis and reducing the dose of anticoagulant drugs that patients take. However, commercially available anticoagulant coatings, that is, both bioinert and bioactive coatings, are typically based on a single anticoagulation strategy. This puts the anticoagulation function of the coating at risk of failure during long-term use. Considering the several pathways of the human coagulation system, the synergy of multiple anticoagulation theories may provide separate, targeted effects at different stages of thrombosis...

Cold coagulation and blood stasis (CCBS) syndrome is one of the common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes of gynecological diseases. However, the molecular mechanism of CCBS syndrome is still unclear. Thus, there is a need to reveal the occurrence and regulation mechanism of CCBS syndrome, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of CCBS syndrome in gynecological diseases. The plasma proteins in primary dysmenorrhea (PD) patients with CCBS syndrome, endometriosis (EMS) patients with CCBS syndrome, and healthy women were screened using Label-free quantitative proteomics...

The notion of blood coagulation dates back to the ancient Greek civilization. However, the emergence of innovative scientific discoveries that started in the seventeenth century formulated the fundamentals of blood coagulation. Our understanding of key coagulation processes continues to evolve, as novel homeostatic and pathophysiological aspects of hemostasis are revealed. Hemostasis is a dynamic physiological process, which stops bleeding at the site of injury while maintaining normal blood flow within the body...

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) can be correctly redefined as disseminated intravascular microthrombosis based on "two-path unifying theory" of in vivo hemostasis. "DIC" is a form of vascular microthrombotic disease characterized by "microthrombi" composed of platelets and unusually large von Willebrand factor multimers (ULVWF). Microthrombotic disease includes not only "DIC", but also microthrombosis occurring in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), TTP-like syndrome, and focal, multifocal and localized microthrombosis...

Sludge water was recycled using an ultrafiltration (UF) system. In order to control membrane fouling, three typical Fe(II)-activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) processes: Fe(II)/PMS-UF (FPUF), 1/4Fe(II) × 4/PMS-UF (F4 PUF) (adding Fe(II) in small increments four times), and Fe(II)/thiosulfate/PMS-UF (FTPUF) (adding Fe(II) after complexing with thiosulfate), were employed as UF pretreatments. Their mitigating effects of UF membrane fouling caused by sludge water are systematically discussed and compared. The results showed that FTPUF system had the best membrane fouling control effect...

The drawbacks of low porosity, inferior electrolyte wettability, low thermal dimensional stability and permissive lithium dendrite growth of the conventional microporous polyolefin-based separators hinder their widely application in the high power density and safe Lithium ion batteries. Herein, highly porous polybenzimidazole-based separator is prepared by a facile non-solvent induced phase separation process (NIPS) using water, ethanol, chloroform and ethyl acetate as the coagulation bath solvent, respectively...

There are several lines of evidence indicating that the physiopathological bases of bullous pemphigoid (BP), the most common subepidermal autoimmune bullous disease, are hallmarked by the production of autoantibodies directed against the hemidesmosomal anchoring proteins BP180 and BP230. In contrast to the robustness of the latter assumption, the multifaceted complexity of upstream and downstream mechanisms implied in the pathogenesis of BP remains an area of intense speculation. So far, an imbalance between T regulatory cells and autoreactive T helper (Th) cells has been regarded as the main pathogenic factor triggering the autoimmune response in BP patients...

We have previously presented a new Systemic Evolutionary Theory of Cancer (SETOC) based on the failure of proper endosymbiosis in eukaryotic cells. Here, we propose that the progressive uncoupling of two endosymbiotic subsystems (information and energy) inside the cell, as a consequence of long-term injuries, gives rise to alterations (i) in tissue interactions and (ii) in cell organization. In the first case, we argue that the impairment of both the coherent state and the synergy between intercellular communications underpins the onset of tissue dysplasia, that usually evolves towards cancer development...

Natural organic matter (NOM) ubiquitously exists in natural waters and would adsorb onto the particle surface. Previous studies showed that NOM would alleviate the toxicity of nanomaterials, while the mechanism is seldom quantitatively interpreted. Herein, the effects of humic substances [Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) and Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA)] and biomacromolecules [alginate and bovine serum albumin (BSA)] on the aggregation and antimicrobial effects of silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2 S-NPs) were investigated...

Sepsis is a serious medical condition that can lead to multi-organ failure and shock, and it is associated with increased mortality. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of sepsis in critically ill patients, and often requires renal replacement therapy. The pathophysiology of AKI in sepsis has not yet been fully defined. In the past, classic theories were mainly focused on systemic hemodynamic derangements, underscoring the key role of whole kidney hypoperfusion due to reduced renal blood flow...

In polymer electrolyte fuel cells a decrease in catalytic surface-area within the cathode catalyst layer is a critical barrier to commercialization. This loss in catalytic surface-area manifests as a loss in cell voltage and thus power density of the cell. It has been established that potential cycling accelerates the loss in catalytic surface-area yet isolating the contributing mechanisms as well as relating mechanisms to operating conditions is not as straightforward. We approach the issue of surface-area loss deconvolution with a combined experimental, modelling and theoretical framework...

In clinical islet transplantation, isolated islets are embolized into the liver via the portal vein (PV); however, up to 70% of the islets are lost in the first few days after transplantation (i.e., too quickly to be mediated by the adaptive immune system). Part of early loss is due to instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction, an immune/thrombotic process caused by islets interacting with complement. We have shown that glucose toxicity (GT) also plays a critical role based upon the observation that islets embolized into the PVs of diabetic athymic mice are rapidly lost but, if recipients are not diabetic, the islet grafts persist...

Nanoparticle catalysts dispersed on high-surface-area electronic support materials are used in a wide range of applications. Nano-sized particles afford a high active surface area per unit volume of an electrocatalytic medium. However, the gain in active surface area for desired surface reactions is offset in part by enhanced rates of degradation processes that cause losses in catalyst mass, catalyst surface area, and electrocatalytic activity. A dynamic model of surface-area-loss phenomena based on the theories of Lifshitz and Slyozov [J...

Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of proteins belonging to the Gla-protein family. To the members of this family belong four blood coagulation factors, which all are exclusively formed in the liver. The importance of vitamin K for hemostasis is demonstrated from the fact that vitamin K-deficiency is an acute, life-threatening condition due to excessive bleeding. Other members of the Gla-protein family are osteocalcin, matrix Gla-protein (MGP), and Gas6 that play key functions in maintaining bone strength, arterial calcification inhibition, and cell growth regulation, respectively...

Despite the recent discoveries of and interest in numerous structural variations (SVs)--which include duplications and inversions--in the human and other higher eukaryotic genomes, little is known about the etiology and biology of these SVs, partly due to the lack of molecular tools with which to create individual SVs in cultured cells and model organisms. Here, we present a novel method of inducing duplications and inversions in a targeted manner without pre-manipulation of the genome. We found that zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) designed to target two different sites in a human chromosome could introduce two concurrent double-strand breaks, whose repair via non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) gives rise to targeted duplications and inversions of the genomic segments of up to a mega base pair (bp) in length between the two sites...

INTRODUCTION: Perioperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) remains a catastrophe in cardiac surgery and adequate patient screening is still lacking. We present a prospective trial starting with preoperative data collection. For the first time, the postoperative outcomes of patients after open-heart surgery are evaluated to predict a hazard-constellation for the patient at risk of developing SIRS. METHODS: Of 2315 patients undergoing cardiac surgery over a 2-year period, 107 were considered likely to develop perioperative SIRS based on a high-risk stratification; 12 of them actually developed SIRS and were recruited for this study...

BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggests trauma involving total body tissue damage increases the acute coagulopathy of trauma (ACOT) by various mechanisms, especially in massive transfusion (MT). Our hypothesis was that MT patients injured by explosion will have a higher international normalization ratio (INR) at admission than MT patients injured by gunshot wound (GSW). METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on US military injured in Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom from March 2003 to September 2008, who received MT (≥ 10 red blood cells in 24 hours) and had an INR on admission...

Massive transfusion is an essential part of resuscitation efforts in acute trauma patients. The goal is to quickly correct trauma-induced coagulopathy and replace red blood cell (RBC) mass with the minimal number as well as the appropriate choice of blood components to minimize the possible adverse effects of transfusions. Early trauma induced coagulopathy (ETIC) is present in about 20% of patients upon hospital admission and predicts for decreased survival. The mechanism of ETIC is still being elucidated; however, most theories of ETIC's pathophysiology justify the early use of plasma...