Alzheimer's disease, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Murrayae Folium et Cacumen (MFC) is a plant considered to be a traditional Chinese medicine with culinary value as well. The dry leaves and twigs of Murraya paniculata and M. exotica are used to treat stomach aches, rheumatism, toothaches, swelling, and insect and snake bites. They are also used to prepare spicy chicken dishes. Aim of the review: This review comprehensively summarizes the available information on the botanical characterization, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of MFC...

BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, following Alzheimer's disease. The onset of PD is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Stem cell therapy has great potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, and human nasal turbinate-derived stem cells (hNTSCs) have been found to share some characteristics with mesenchymal stem cells. Although the Hippo signaling pathway was originally thought to regulate cell size in organs, recent studies have shown that it can also control inflammation in neural cells...

Positive modulation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on its multimodal neurotrophic, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects addressing the complex pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. Fosgonimeton is a small-molecule positive modulator of the HGF system that has demonstrated neurotrophic and pro-cognitive effects in preclinical models of dementia. Herein, we evaluate the neuroprotective potential of fosgonimeton, or its active metabolite, fosgo-AM, in amyloid-beta (Aβ)-driven preclinical models of AD, providing mechanistic insight into its mode of action...

INTRODUCTION: A water extract of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban [Apiaceae] (CAW) has demonstrated cognitive-enhancing effects in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and aging, the magnitude of which is influenced by whether CAW is delivered in the drinking water or the diet. These cognitive benefits are accompanied by improvements in oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in the brain, two pathways related to the neuroinflammatory response. The effect of CAW on neuroinflammation, however, has not been directly studied...

Nano-MoS2 exhibit oxidoreductase-like activities, and has been shown to can effectively eliminate excessive intracellular ROS and inhibit Aβ aggregation, thus demonstrating promising potential for anti-Alzheimer's disease (anti-AD) intervention. However, the low water dispersibility and high toxicity of nano-MoS2 limits its further application. In this study, we developed a chondroitin sulphate (CS)-modified MoS2 nanoenzyme (CS@MoS2 ) by harnessing the excellent biocompatibility of CS and the exceptional activities of nano-MoS2 to explore its potential in anti-AD research...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia accounting for 90% of cases; however, frontotemporal dementia, vascular dementia, etc. prevails only in a minority of populations. The term dementia is defined as loss of memory which further takes several other categories of memories like working memory, spatial memory, fear memory, and long-term, and short-term memory into consideration. In this review, these memories have critically been elaborated based on context, duration, events, appearance, intensity, etc...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is complex and multifactorial, and its pathogenesis involves multiple factors and processes. This study pioneered the in situ growth of cerium oxide nanoparticles on macrophage membranes (Ce-RAW). Further, carbon quantum dots (CQD) were biomimetically modified by Ce-RAW, leading to the synthesis of a multifunctional nanocomposite (CQD-Ce-RAW). Within the framework of this research, CQD-Ce-RAW was strategically combined with photothermal therapy (PTT), aiming to achieve a more significant therapeutic effect...

Neurodegeneration, which manifests as several chronic and incurable diseases, is an age-related condition that affects the central nervous system (CNS) and poses a significant threat to the public's health for the elderly. Recent decades have experienced an alarming increase in the incidence of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), a severe public health issue due to the ongoing development of people living in modern civilizations. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading trigger of age-related dementia. Currently, there are no efficient therapeutics to delay, stop, or reverse the disease's course development...

OBJECTIVE: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is identified by neuropathological symptoms, and there is now no effective treatment for the condition. A lack of the brain neurotransmitter acetylcholine has been related to the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine to an inactive form and causes the death of cholinergic neurons. Conventional treatments were used but had less effectiveness. Therefore, there is a crucial need to identify alternative compounds with potential anti-cholinesterase agents and minimal undesirable effects...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a primary cause of dementia that affects millions of people worldwide and its prevalence is likely to increase largely in the coming decades. Multiple complex pathways, such as oxidative stress, tau and amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathology, and cholinergic dysfunction, are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The conventional treatments provide only symptomatic relief and not a complete cure for the disease. On the other hand, recent studies have looked into the possibility of flavonoids as an effective therapeutic strategy for treating AD...

Many food-derived peptides have the potential to improve brain health and slow down neurodegeneration. Peptides are produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins from different food sources. These peptides have been shown to be involved in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, neuro-transmission modulation, and gene expression regulation. Although few peptides directly affect chromatin remodeling and histone alterations, others indirectly affect the neuroprotection process by interfering with epigenetic changes...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and brain ischemia/reperfusion cause neurodegenerative processes that can continue after the acute stage with the development of severe brain atrophy with dementia. In this case, the long-term neurodegeneration of the brain is similar to the neurodegeneration characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is associated with the accumulation of beta amyloid and tau protein. In the pathogenesis of AD as well as in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia and TBI oxidative stress, progressive inflammation, glial activation, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and excessive activation of autophagy are involved, which implies the presence of many targets that can be affected by neuroprotectors...

Oxidative stress and carbonyl stress resulting from the toxicity of small aldehydes are part of the detrimental mechanisms leading to neuronal cell loss involved in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Polyunsaturated alkylated lipophenols represent a new class of hybrid molecules that combine the health benefits of anti-inflammatory omega-3 fatty acids with the anti-carbonyl and oxidative stress (anti-COS) properties of (poly)phenols in a single pharmacological entity...

INTRODUCTION: Astrocytes are glial-type cells that protect neurons from toxic insults and support neuronal functions and metabolism in a healthy brain. Leveraging these physiological functions, transplantation of astrocytes or their derivatives has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative disorders. METHODS: To substantiate the clinical application of astrocyte-based therapy, we aimed to prepare human astrocytes with potent therapeutic capacities from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs)...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with the hallmark of aggregation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) into extracellular fibrillar deposition. Accumulating evidence suggests that soluble toxic Aβ oligomers exert diverse roles in neuronal cell death, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and the eventual pathogenesis of AD. Aβ is derived from the sequential cleavage of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) by β-secretase (BACE1) and γ-secretase. The current effect of single targeting is not ideal for the treatment of AD...

Nanoparticle (NP) systems have attracted the attention of researchers in recent years due to their advantages, such as modified release features, increased therapeutic efficacy, and reduced side effects. Ferulic acid (FA) has therapeutic effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer's, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antihyperlipidemic, and antidiabetic. In this study, FA-loaded PLGA-based NPs were prepared by a nanoprecipitation method and the effect of varying concentrations of Poloxamer 188 and Span 60 on NP properties was investigated...

Prolonged inflammation leads to the genesis of various inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, Alzheimer's, etc. The uncontrolled inflammatory response is characterized by the excessive release of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1alpha (IL-1α), and inflammatory enzymes such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Hence, the downregulation of these inflammatory mediators is an active therapy to control aberrant inflammation and tissue damage...

Pterostilbene, a stilbene compound, demonstrates neuroprotective effects through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, pterostilbene exhibits low bioavailability. We developed a pterostilbene nanoemulsion with better release stability and particle size. Behavioral tests, including the Y maze, new object recognition, and water maze, revealed that the pterostilbene nanoemulsion demonstrated a more significant effect on improving learning and memory function than pterostilbene. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that pterostilbene nanoemulsion was more potent in safeguarding hippocampal neurons and inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress than pterostilbene...

BACKGROUND: The cholinergic neuronal loss in the basal forebrain and increasing brain oxidative stress are one of the main features of the brain suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Marrubium vulgare (M. vulgare), commonly known as 'white horehound,' possesses a variety of valuable properties, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities. Moreover, it possesses neuromodulatory properties that could potentially impact short-term memory functions. OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to investigate the preventive effects of water M...

Despite tremendous advances in modern medicine, effective prevention or therapeutic strategies for age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain limited. Growing evidence now suggests that oxidative stress and apoptosis are increasingly associated with AD as promising therapeutic targets. Pongamol, a flavonoid, is the main constituent of pongamia pinnata and possesses a variety of pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-aging and anti-inflammatory. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant effects and mechanisms of pongamol in H2 O2 -induced PC12 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans (C...