Sugar and inflammation

We aimed to study the potential of epigallocatechin-3-gallate/tyrosol-loaded chitosan/lecithin nanoparticles (EGCG/tyrosol-loaded C/L NPs) in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice. The EGCG/tyrosol-loaded C/L NPs were created using the self-assembly method. Dynamic light scattering, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were utilized to characterize the nanoparticle. Furthermore, in streptozotocin-induced T2DM mice, treatment with EGCG/tyrosol-loaded C/L NPs on fasting blood sugar levels, the expression of PCK1 and G6Pase, and IL-1β in the liver, liver glutathione content, nanoparticle toxicity on liver cells, and liver reactive oxygen species were measured...

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder whose prevalence has become a worrying condition in recent decades. Chronic diabetes can result in serious health conditions such as impaired kidney function, stroke, blindness, and myocardial infarction. Despite a variety of currently available treatments, cases of diabetes and its complications are on the rise. This review article provides a comprehensive account of the ameliorative effect of prebiotics and probiotics individually or in combination i.e. synbiotics on health complications induced by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)...

BACKGROUND: PEComa is a mesenchymal tumor that can occur in various organs including the uterus and soft tissues. PEComas are composed of perivascular epithelioid cells, and angiomyolipoma (AML), clear cell sugar tumor (CCST), and lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM) are considered lesions of the same lineage as tumors of the PEComa family. Histologically, a common PEComa shows solid or sheet-like proliferation of epithelioid cells. This is accompanied by an increase in the number of dilated blood vessels...

Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino (G. pentaphyllum) is a medicinal and edible plant with multiple functions of liver protection, anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, balancing blood sugar and blood lipids. The nutritional value of the G. pentaphyllum plant is mainly due to its rich variety of biologically active substances, such as flavonoids, terpenes and polysaccharides. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis combining metabolomics and root, stem and leaf transcriptomic data of G. pentaphyllum...

BACKGROUND: Acute liver failure (ALF) has a high mortality with widespread hepatocyte death involving ferroptosis and pyroptosis. The silent information regulator sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-mediated deacetylation affects multiple biological processes, including cellular senescence, apoptosis, sugar and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation. AIM: To investigate the association between ferroptosis and pyroptosis and the upstream regulatory mechanisms. METHODS: This study included 30 patients with ALF and 30 healthy individuals who underwent serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) testing...

At present, diabetes mellitus (DM) has been one of the most endangering healthy diseases. Current therapies contain controlling high blood sugar, reducing risk factors like obesity, hypertension, and so on; however, DM patients inevitably and eventually progress into different types of diabetes complications, resulting in poor quality of life. Unfortunately, the clear etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes complications have not been elucidated owing to intricate whole-body systems. The immune system was responsible to regulate homeostasis by triggering or resolving inflammatory response, indicating it may be necessary to diabetes complications...

INTRODUCTION: The process of bar creation involves improving the texture of the product to increase its palatability, which can be further induced by various physical or chemical changes during storage, such as sugar crystallization and molecular migrations in which Maillard's reaction occurs, forming the N-epsilon- (carboxymethyl) lysine (CML) adduct. In this study, we aimed to assess (the CML) adduct used in commercial bars today as meal substitutes or for athletic or sports purposes...

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC), which is characterized by chronic relapsing inflammation of the colon, results from a complex interaction of factors involving the host, environment, and microbiome. The present study aimed to investigate the gut microbial composition and metabolic variations in patients with UC and their spouses. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 13 healthy spouses and couples with UC. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metagenomics sequencing were used to analyze gut microbiota composition, pathways, gene expression, and enzyme activity, followed by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes...

Worldwide, childhood obesity cases continue to rise, and its prevalence is known to increase the risk of non-communicable diseases typically found in adults, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, comprehending its multiple causes to build healthier approaches and revert this scenario is urgent. Obesity development is strongly associated with high fructose intake since the excessive consumption of this highly lipogenic sugar leads to white fat accumulation and causes white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysregulated adipokine release...

The aim was to determine the association between plaque and gingival inflammation reported by dietary interventions. Data of four clinical studies dealing with changed nutrition and gingival examination were reanalyzed with regard to gingival inflammation (GI), plaque (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP). Dietary changes basically involved avoiding sugar, white flour and sweetened drinks and focusing on whole foods for 4 weeks. The control groups were to maintain their usual diet. All participants had to reduce their oral hygiene efforts...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes, and its progression is influenced by factors like oxidative stress, inflammation, cell death, and fibrosis. Compared to drug treatment, exercise offers a cost-effective and low-risk approach to slowing down DN progression. Through multiple ways and mechanisms, exercise helps to control blood sugar and blood pressure and reduce serum creatinine and albuminuria, thereby alleviating kidney damage. This review explores the beneficial effects of exercise on DN improvement and highlights its potential mechanisms for ameliorating DN...

Evidence suggests associations between COVID-19 patients or vaccines and glycometabolic dysfunction and an even higher risk of the occurrence of diabetes. Herein, we retrospectively analyzed pancreatic lesions in autopsy tissues from 67 SARS-CoV-2 infected non-human primates (NHPs) models and 121 vaccinated and infected NHPs from 2020 to 2023 and COVID-19 patients. Multi-label immunofluorescence revealed direct infection of both exocrine and endocrine pancreatic cells by the virus in NHPs and humans. Minor and limited phenotypic and histopathological changes were observed in adult models...

Garlic is rich in bioactive compounds that are effective against colon cancer cells. This study tests the antioxidant and antiproliferative effects of cold-extracted white and black garlic extracts. Black garlic extracted in water (SSU) exhibits the highest antioxidant activity, phenolic content, and flavonoid content, while black garlic extracted in ethanol (SET) shows the lowest values. Caspase-3 activity is notably higher in the white garlic extracted in methanol (BME), white garlic extracted in methanol combines with 5-FU, black garlic extracted in ethanol (SET), black garlic extracted in ethanol combines with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and 5-FU treatments compare to the control group (p > 0...

Soft drink consumption has become a highly controversial public health issue. Given the pattern of consumption in China, sugar-sweetened beverage is the main type of soft drink consumed. Due to containing high levels of fructose, a soft drink may have a deleterious effect on handgrip strength (HGS) due to oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance. However, few studies show an association between soft drink consumption and HGS in adults. We aimed to investigate the association between soft drink consumption and longitudinal changes in HGS among a Chinese adult population...

The aim of this study was to explore the dynamic changes in the physicochemical properties of Laiyang pear residue polysaccharide (LPP) during in vitro digestion, as well as its protective effect on the intestines. Monosaccharide composition and molecular weight analysis showed that there was no significant change in LPP during the oral digestion stage. However, during the gastric and intestinal digestion stages, the glycosidic bonds of LPP were broken, leading to the dissociation of large molecular aggregates and a significant increase in reducing sugar content (CR ) accompanied by a decrease in molecular weight...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are all contributing to substantial morbidity. Understanding the intricate interplay between dietary factors and the incidence and progression of IBD is essential for developing effective preventative and therapeutic strategies. This umbrella review comprehensively synthesizes evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses to evaluate these complex associations. Dietary factors associated with an increased incidence and/or progression of IBD include a high intake of red and processed meat, other processed foods, and refined sugars, together with a low intake of vegetables, fruits, and fiber...

Diets high in fat and sugar lead to metabolic syndrome (MetS) and related chronic diseases. We investigated the effects of commercially available, cold-pressed polyphenol-rich black currant (BC) and cornelian cherry (CC) juices on the prevention of MetS in Wistar rats induced by a 10-weeks high-fat high-fructose (HFF) diet. Juice consumption, either BC or CC, with a HFF diet resulted in lower serum triglycerides compared to only the HFF consumption. Both juices also mitigated the effects of HFF on the liver, pancreas, and adipose tissue, by preserving liver and pancreas histomorphology and reducing visceral fat and adipocyte size...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated the effect of curcumin and eicosapentaenoic acid, as one the main components of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, on anthropometric, glucose homeostasis, and gene expression markers of cardio-metabolic risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This clinical trial was conducted at the Endocrinology Clinic of Imam Reza Hospital in Tabriz. It aimed to determine the impact of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA), and curcumin supplements on various health indicators in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) from 2021...

Background: Maintenance of the genome is essential for cell survival, and impairment of the DNA damage response is associated with multiple pathologies including cancer and neurological abnormalities. DNA-PKcs is a DNA repair protein and a core component of the classical nonhomologous end-joining pathway, but it also has roles in modulating gene expression and thus, the overall cellular response to DNA damage. Methods: Using cells producing either wild-type (WT) or kinase-inactive (KR) DNA-PKcs, we assessed global alterations in gene expression in the absence or presence of DNA damage...

BACKGROUND: In recent years, diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has emerged as a prominent factor contributing to end-stage renal disease. Tubulointerstitial inflammation and lipid accumulation have been identified as key factors in the development of DKD. Earlier research indicated that Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, controls lipid accumulation, and provides protection to the kidneys. Nevertheless, the mechanisms responsible for its protective effects against DKD have not yet been completely elucidated...