keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493354/differences-in-pacing-behaviour-between-global-championship-medal-performances-and-world-records-in-men-s-and-women-s-middle-and-long-distance-running-track-events
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Arturo Casado, Luis E Ranieri, Brian Hanley, Carl Foster, Fernando González-Mohíno
The differences in pacing demands between track distance-running championship and meet (e.g., World Record [WR]) races have not been specified yet in the current literature. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine pacing behaviour differences between WRs and global championship (i.e., World Championships and Olympic Games) medal performances (GCMs) in middle- and long-distance running events. Percentages of mean race section speeds were compared through analysis of variance between men's and women's 169 WRs and 189 GCMs over 800 m, 1500 m, 3000 m steeplechase, 5000 m and 10,000 m...
March 17, 2024: Journal of Sports Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493267/objective-and-subjective-measures-of-air-pollution-and-self-rated-health-the-evidence-from-chile
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yenniel Mendoza, Ricardo E González
PURPOSE: The literature exploring individual differences in self-rated health has grown fast in recent years. Self-rated health (SRH) is a good indicator of general health status. This empirical study explores the association between outdoor air pollution and SRH in Chile. This type of analysis is infrequent in Latin America. METHODS: We used objective and subjective air pollution measures. The first corresponds to PM2.5 , and the latter to the perception of a high level of air pollution...
March 16, 2024: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493102/hepatic-insulin-resistance-and-muscle-insulin-resistance-are-characterized-by-distinct-postprandial-plasma-metabolite-profiles-a-cross-sectional-study
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anouk Gijbels, Balázs Erdős, Inez Trouwborst, Kelly M Jardon, Michiel E Adriaens, Gijs H Goossens, Ellen E Blaak, Edith J M Feskens, Lydia A Afman
BACKGROUND: Tissue-specific insulin resistance (IR) predominantly in muscle (muscle IR) or liver (liver IR) has previously been linked to distinct fasting metabolite profiles, but postprandial metabolite profiles have not been investigated in tissue-specific IR yet. Given the importance of postprandial metabolic impairments in the pathophysiology of cardiometabolic diseases, we compared postprandial plasma metabolite profiles in response to a high-fat mixed meal between individuals with predominant muscle IR or liver IR...
March 16, 2024: Cardiovascular Diabetology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38492463/characterization-and-classification-of-oleogels-and-edible-oil-using-vibrational-spectroscopy-in-tandem-with-one-class-and-multiclass-chemometric-methods
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ingrid A Moraes, Marina G Neves, Heinz W Siesler, Javier E L Villa, Rosiane L Cunha, Douglas F Barbin
Oleogel represents a promising healthier alternative to act as a substitute for conventional fat in various food products. Oil selection is a crucial factor in determining the technological properties and applications of oleogels due to their distinct fatty acid composition, molecular weight, and thermal properties, as well as the presence of antioxidants and oxidative stability. Hence, the relevance of monitoring oleogel properties by non-destructive, eco-friendly, portable, fast, and effective techniques is a relevant task and constitutes an advance in the evaluation of oleogels quality...
March 11, 2024: Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38492387/sustainable-and-reusable-probe-encapsulated-porous-poly-amst-co-trim-monolithic-sensor-for-the-selective-and-ultra-sensitive-detection-of-toxic-cadmium-ii-from-industrial-environmental-wastewater
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Prabhakaran Srinivasan, Sushmitha P Sivaraman, Deepan Kumar Madhu, Pratiksha Sengupta, Bhargavi Kattela, Sivaraman Nagarajan, Akhila Maheswari Mohan, Prabhakaran Deivasigamani
This study focuses on a new type of fast responsive solid-state visual colorimetric sensor, custom engineered with dual-entwined porous polymer imbued with chromoionophoric 4-(sec-butyl)- 2-((5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)diazenyl)phenol (SMDP) probe for selective and ultra-sensitive colorimetric sensing of Cd(II). The polymer monolith, i.e., poly(aminostyrene-co-trimethylolpropanetrimethacrylate) denoted as poly(AMST-co-TRIM), is designed through a stoichiometric blending of monomer, crosslinker, and porogens leading to superior surface area, pore and adsorption properties for the voluminous incorporation of SMDP probe for target specific ion sensing...
March 6, 2024: Journal of Hazardous Materials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491968/impact-of-insulin-induced-relative-hypoglycemia-on-vascular-insulin-sensitivity-and-central-hemodynamics-in-prediabetes
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniel J Battillo, Mary-Margaret E Remchak, Ankit M Shah, Steven K Malin
CONTEXT: Relative hypoglycemia (RH) is linked to sympathetic responses that can alter vascular function in individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, less is known about the role of RH on hemodynamics or metabolic insulin sensitivity in prediabetes. OBJECTIVE: Determine if RH alters peripheral endothelial function or central hemodynamics to a greater extent in those with prediabetes (PD) versus normoglycemia (NG). METHODS: Seventy adults with obesity were classified using ADA criteria as PD (n=34 (28F); HbA1c=6...
March 16, 2024: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491903/performance-enhancing-substances-in-sport-a-scientometric-review-of-75%C3%A2-years-of-research
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alessandro Carollo, Ornella Corazza, Maria Mantovani, Nicolò Silvestrini, Olivier Rabin, Gianluca Esposito
The use of performance-enhancing substances not only undermines the core values of sports but also poses significant health risks to athletes. In a fast-evolving doping environment, where sport professionals are constantly seeking novel and illegal means to bypass doping tests, and new substances are regularly detected on the drug market, it is crucial to inform authorities with updated evidence emerging from scientific research. The current study aims to (i) outline the structure of knowledge in the literature on performance enhancers in sports (i...
March 16, 2024: Drug Testing and Analysis
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491642/free-energy-measuring-nanopore-device
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Momčilo Gavrilov, Jinghang Zhang, Olivia Yang, Taekjip Ha
Free energies (FEs) in molecular sciences can be used to quantify the stability of folded molecules. In this article, we introduce nanopores for measuring FEs. We pull DNA hairpin-forming molecules through a nanopore, measure work, and estimate the FE change in the slow limit, and with the Jarzynski fluctuation theorem (FT) at fast pulling times. We also pull our molecule with optical tweezers, compare it to nanopores, and explore how sampling single molecules from equilibrium or a folded ensemble affects the FE estimate via the FT...
February 2024: Physical Review. E
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491257/characterization-of-risk-factors-for-modeling-of-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-induced-by-a-high-fat-diet-in-c57bl-6-mice
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
N A Borozdina, E R Shaikhutdinova, G A Slashcheva, N A Goryacheva, A V Zamyatina, E S Sadovnikova, I A Pakhomova, V M Pavlov, N A Perepechenova, M S Severyukhina, A Yu Fedotova, D V Popkova, I N Gladkikh, E V Leichenko, I A Dyachenko
Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. C57BL/6 mice prone to obesity and leptin resistance were kept on a high-fat diet for 21 weeks. The animals showed a significant increase in fasting and postprandial glucose levels and body weight, the development of insulin resistance, and by week 18, an increase in the serum TNFα level. Metformin therapy at a dose of 250 mg/kg was effective against the background of disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism: animals showed a significant decrease in insulin resistance and TNFα level...
March 15, 2024: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491200/anterior-cingulate-cross-hemispheric-inhibition-via-the-claustrum-resolves-painful-sensory-conflict
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Keisuke Koga, Kenta Kobayashi, Makoto Tsuda, Anthony E Pickering, Hidemasa Furue
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) responds to noxious and innocuous sensory inputs, and integrates them to coordinate appropriate behavioral reactions. However, the role of the projections of ACC neurons to subcortical areas and their influence on sensory processing are not fully investigated. Here, we identified that ACC neurons projecting to the contralateral claustrum (ACC→contraCLA ) preferentially respond to contralateral mechanical sensory stimulation. These sensory responses were enhanced during attending behavior...
March 15, 2024: Communications Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38490130/five-minute-knee-mri-an-ai-based-super-resolution-reconstruction-approach-for-compressed-sensing-a-validation-study-on-healthy-volunteers
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robert Terzis, Thomas Dratsch, Robert Hahnfeldt, Lajos Basten, Philip Rauen, Kristina Sonnabend, Kilian Weiss, Robert Reimer, David Maintz, Andra-Iza Iuga, Grischa Bratke
PURPOSE: To investigate the potential of combining Compressed Sensing (CS) and a newly developed AI-based super resolution reconstruction prototype consisting of a series of convolutional neural networks (CNN) for a complete five-minute 2D knee MRI protocol. METHODS: In this prospective study, 20 volunteers were examined using a 3T-MRI-scanner (Ingenia Elition X, Philips). Similar to clinical practice, the protocol consists of a fat-saturated 2D-proton-density-sequence in coronal, sagittal and transversal orientation as well as a sagittal T1-weighted sequence...
March 9, 2024: European Journal of Radiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38489284/apparent-anomalous-temperature-dependence-of-self-diffusion-studied-by-pulsed-field-gradient-nuclear-magnetic-resonance-and-thermodynamic-modeling
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sujeet Dutta, Andrei Nossov, Anne Galarneau, Youcef Didi, Bilel Said, Renaud Denoyel, Veronique Wernert, Benoit Coasne, Flavien Guenneau
The self-diffusivity of cyclohexane and n -octane adsorbed in hierarchical zeolite monoliths has been investigated by using PFG-NMR. In these samples, the intrinsic FAU-X zeolite microporosity combines with a complex macroporous network composed of aggregated zeolite nanocrystals. As temperature is increased, cyclohexane self-diffusivity apparently decreases, reaches a minimum, and then starts increasing upon further increasing the temperature. Such striking, i.e., non-Arrhenius, temperature dependence is not observed for n -octane in the same samples and for cyclohexane adsorbed in purely microporous FAU-X...
March 15, 2024: Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38489282/description-of-the-fasted-serum-metabolomic-signature-of-lean-and-obese-cats-at-maintenance-and-of-obese-cats-under-energy-restriction
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Caitlin E Grant, Hannah Godfrey, Moran Tal, Marica Bakovic, Anna K Shoveller, Shauna L Blois, Myriam Hesta, Adronie Verbrugghe
This study aimed to investigate the serum metabolomic profile of obese and lean cats as well as obese cats before and after energy restriction for weight loss. Thirty cats, 16 obese (body condition score 8 to 9/9) and 14 lean (body condition score 4 to 5/9), were fed a veterinary weight loss food during a 4-week period of weight maintenance (L-MAINT and O-MAINT). The 16 obese cats were then energy restricted by a 60% energy intake reduction with the same food for a 10-week period (O-RESTRICT). Fasted serum metabolites were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance and direct infusion mass spectrometry after the maintenance period for L-MAINT and O-MAINT cats and after the energy restriction period for O-RESTRICT and compared between groups using a two-sided t-test...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38488949/the-impact-of-exercise-on-blood-based-biomarkers-of-alzheimer-s-disease-in-cognitively-unimpaired-older-adults
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kelsey R Sewell, Stephanie R Rainey-Smith, Steve Pedrini, Jeremiah J Peiffer, Hamid R Sohrabi, Kevin Taddei, Shaun J Markovic, Ralph N Martins, Belinda M Brown
Physical activity is a promising preventative strategy for Alzheimer's disease: it is associated with lower dementia risk, better cognition, greater brain volume and lower brain beta-amyloid. Blood-based biomarkers have emerged as a low-cost, non-invasive strategy for detecting preclinical Alzheimer's disease, however, there is limited literature examining the effect of exercise (a structured form of physical activity) on blood-based biomarkers. The current study investigated the influence of a 6-month exercise intervention on levels of plasma beta-amyloid (Aβ42, Aβ40, Aβ42/40), phosphorylated tau (p-tau181), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament light (NfL) chain in cognitively unimpaired older adults, and as a secondary aim, whether blood-based biomarkers related to cognition...
March 15, 2024: GeroScience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38488061/a-capillary-based-centrifugal-indicator-equipped-with-in-situ-pathogenic-bacteria-culture-for-fast-antimicrobial-susceptibility-testing
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Longyu Chen, Meijia Zhu, Zhiyong Wang, Hongliang Wang, Yongqiang Cheng, Ziwei Zhang, Xiaoxiao Qi, Yifan Shao, Xi Zhang, Hongwei Wang
Antimicrobial resistance has become a major global health threat due to the misuse and overuse of antibiotics. Rapid, affordable, and high-efficiency antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is among the effective means to solve this problem. Herein, we developed a capillary-based centrifugal indicator (CBCI) equipped with an in situ culture of pathogenic bacteria for fast AST. The bacterial incubation and growth were performed by macro-incubation, which seamlessly integrated the capillary indicator. Through simple centrifugation, all the bacterial cells were confined at the nanoliter-level capillary column...
March 15, 2024: Analyst
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38487500/air-humidity-influence-on-combustion-of-r-1234yf-cf-3-cfch-2-r-1234ze-e-trans-cf-3-chchf-and-r-134a-ch-2-fcf-3-refrigerants
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Valeri I Babushok, Gregory T Linteris
The influence of air humidity on flame propagation in mixtures of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) with air was studied through numerical simulations and comparison with measurements from the literature. Water vapor added to the air in mixtures of fluorine rich hydrofluorocarbons (F/H≥1) can be considered as a fuel additive that increases the production of radicals (H, O, OH) and increases the overall reaction rate. The hydrofluorocarbon flame is typically a two-stage reaction proceeding with a relatively fast reaction in the first stage transitioning to a very slow reaction in the second stage which leads to the combustion equilibrium products...
April 2024: Combustion and Flame
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38484903/food-environments-and-cardiovascular-disease-evidence-from-the-health-and-retirement-study
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yeonwoo Kim, Joseph Rangel, Natalie Colabianchi
INTRODUCTION: Residential food environments are one of the important determinants of cardiovascular health. However, past literature has been limited by short-term follow-ups, time-invariant environmental measurements at baseline, and/or not investigating both healthy and unhealthy aspects of the food environment. This study examines the effects of time-varying healthy and unhealthy food environments on incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) over ten years, extracting data from the Health and Retirement Study (2006-2016; N=10,413)...
March 12, 2024: American Journal of Preventive Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38484876/achievement-of-dynamic-tablet-defect-detection-mechanism-using-biaxial-slope-symmetry-algorithm
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hsiung-Cheng Lin, Sheng-Xi Xiao
An inspection in tablet appearance integrity before bottling is regarded as a routine task in a pharmaceutical factory. Although some methods such as automated optical instrument, video or artificial intelligence (AI) are currently available in industry, it usually pays for a complex computational process as well as high cost. Based on the symmetry of tablet appearance in reality, this study develops a biaxial scanning slope symmetry algorithm to realize a dynamic real-time tablet defect detection with a simple arithmetic operation...
March 12, 2024: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38484862/food-selection-and-effect-of-home-preparation-procedure-for-antibiotic-food-mixtures-on-homogeneity-stability-and-dissolution
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rong Huang, Dongkai Zhu, Jiang Wang, Yvonne Berko, Patricia A Yu, Corinne M Parker, Yon C Yu, Xin Feng, Xiaoming Xu, Muhammad Ashraf
Amoxicillin, doxycycline, and clindamycin are among the commonly used antibiotics to treat bacterial infections. However, dosage forms of antibiotics for pediatric patients may not be as readily available as the formulations for adult patients. As such, it is anticipated that during a public health emergency, special instruction may need to be provided on home preparation and administration procedures to dose pediatric patients using available stockpiles of oral tablet and capsule dosage forms. Mixing crushed tablets or capsule contents with soft- or liquid- foods is one of the most common home preparation procedures...
March 12, 2024: International Journal of Pharmaceutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38484499/quantum-dots-qds-attached-magnetic-beads-mbs-for-on-chip-efficient-capture-and-detection-of-bacteria-in-ready-to-eat-rte-foods
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yunxing Li, Yihong Xu, Winnie C Soko, Hongyan Bi
In this study, we established a versatile and simple magnetic-assisted microfluidic method for fast bacterial detection. Quantum dots (QDs) were loaded onto magnetic beads (MBs) to construct performance enhanced on-chip capture of bacteria. Escherichia coli (E. coli), as a model bacterium was studied. CdSe QDs were deposited onto the surface of Fe3 O4 MBs through layer-by-layer self-assembly to enhance the loading of antibodies (Abs). MBs functionalized with anti-E. coli antibody molecules in a micropillar-based microfluidic chip were utilized to capture E...
March 8, 2024: Talanta
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