protamine influence

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different periods of abstinence on conventional semen parameters as well as functional parameters in human semen, including mitochondrial function, chromatin packing and sperm DNA fragmentation. METHODS: We recruited a cohort of 2,458 men undergoing infertility investigation. Semen analyses were performed according to WHO guidelines/morphology-motile sperm organelle morphology examination/MSOME. For DNA integrity analysis, the percentages of DNA fragmentation (TUNEL), abnormal chromatin packaging/underprotamination (chromomycin A3/CMA3), abnormal mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP/MitoTracker Green), and apoptosis (annexin-V) were recorded...

Objective This study compared the activated clotting time (ACT) measured using the Hemochron Jr. Signature (HACT) with the ACT measured using the Medtronic ACT Plus (MACT) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with acute normovolemic haemodilution (ANH) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods The ACT was checked at baseline with both devices after inducing anaesthesia, and 400 to 800 mL of whole blood was withdrawn to induce moderate ANH. Before initiating CPB, a 300-IU/kg bolus dose of heparin was administered to maintain the HACT at >400 s; protamine was later given to reverse the anticoagulation...

The properties of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) and penetration enhancers play a deciding role in the inner ear drug delivery of NPs across the round window membrane (RWM). Thus, PLGA nano-based systems with a variety of particle sizes and surface chemistries and those combined with cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) as penetration enhancers were devised to explore their impact on the cochlear drug delivery in vivo. First, we demonstrated that the properties of NPs dictated the extent of NP cochlear entry by near-infrared fluorescence imaging...

There is growing evidence that the spermatozoon's epigenetic structure is of the utmost importance in the health of the future embryo. Following fertilization, sperm chromatin undergoes epigenetic reprogramming including DNA demethylation and remethylation, which resets gene expression. In some infertile patients, it is inevitable that sperm cells that are not within the range of normal human sperm parameters will be used for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Understanding the relationship between the human sperm parameters and male pronucleus DNA demethylation seems necessary...

The colloidal stability of titanium oxide nanosheets (TNS) and nanowires (TiONW) was studied in the presence of protamine (natural polyelectrolyte) in aqueous dispersions, where the nanostructures possessed negative net charge, and the protamine was positively charged. Regardless of their shape, similar charging and aggregation behaviors were observed for both TNS and TiONW. Electrophoretic experiments performed at different protamine loadings revealed that the adsorption of protamine led to charge neutralization and charge inversion depending on the polyelectrolyte dose applied...

We have demonstrated that arginine-rich and poly-arginine peptides possess potent neuroprotective properties with arginine content and peptide positive charge being particularly critical for neuroprotective efficacy. In addition, the presence of other amino acids within arginine-rich peptides, as well as chemical modifications, peptide length and cell-penetrating properties also influence the level of neuroprotection. Against this background, we have examined the neuroprotective efficacy of arginine-rich protamine peptides, a cyclic (R12-c) poly-arginine peptide and a R22 poly-arginine peptide, as well as arginine peptides containing tryptophan or other amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, glycine or leucine) in in vitro glutamic acid excitotoxicity and in vivo rat permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion models of stroke...

The status of sperm DNA fragmentation, protamine deficiency, free thiols and disulphide bonds in colloid-selected samples and its relationship to ART outcome or HRG C633T SNP is not known. The objective of this study was to determine these relationships in spermatozoa from men with male factor or unknown factor infertility (n=118) undergoing IVF or ICSI. Sperm DNA integrity was analyzed by flow cytometry using three fluorescent probes (Acridine Orange, Monobromobimane and Chromomycin A3). Principal component analysis was used to identify the parameters that most influenced fertility...

AIMS: To compare short-term basal insulin therapy persistence and its predictors in Poland and Germany. METHODS: Persistence was defined as proportions of patients remaining on the initial basal insulin (analogs: Poland: n = 6,889, Germany: n = 454,067; neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulins: Poland: n = 50,761, Germany: n = 226,064) over 2 years based on nationwide prescription databases (LRx; IMS Health) in Poland and Germany from 2013 to 2015. Persistence was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier curves (log-rank tests)...

Since therapeutic peptides and oligonucleotides are gathering interests as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), nanoparticulate drug delivery systems are becoming of great importance. Thereby, the possibility to design drug delivery systems according to the therapeutic needs of APIs enhances clinical implementation. Over the last years, the focus of our group was laid on protamine-oligonucleotide-nanoparticles (so called proticles), however, the possibility to modify the size, zeta potential or loading efficiencies was limited...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chromatin packing and sperm head morphometry of cryopreserved semen of Nelore bulls (Bos taurus indicus) of different ages. Furthermore, the influence of the degree of chromatin compaction on in vitro embryo production (IVP) was investigated. Forty bulls were divided into three groups: young (1.8-2 years), adult (3.5-7 years), and senile (8-14.3 years). The ejaculates were frozen according to standards established by the Artificial Insemination Center located in the Southeast of Brazil...

Coagulopathy is still a frequent complication in the surgical treatment of acute aortic dissection. However, the physiopathology of surgically induced coagulopathy has never been systematically and comprehensively studied in patients with acute aortic dissection. The aim of the present study was to describe the perioperative hemostatic system in patients with acute aortic dissection.The 87 patients who underwent aortic arch surgery for acute Stanford type A aortic dissection from January 2013 to September 2015 were enrolled in this study...

Point-of-care coagulation monitoring can be used for the guidance of haemostasis management. However, the influence of time on point-of-care prothrombin time testing following protamine administration after cardiopulmonary bypass has not been investigated. Bland-Altman and error grid analysis were used to analyse the level of agreement between prothrombin time measurements from point-of-care and laboratory tests before cardiopulmonary bypass, and then 3 min, 6 min and 10 min after protamine administration. Prothrombin times were expressed as International Normalised Ratios...

This study sought to compare the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) administration on cardiopulmonary bypass-induced platelet dysfunction in patients who received preoperative aspirin or not. We performed a prospective, randomized, double-blind pilot study, including patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Patients without aspirin interruption were enrolled in the 'group ASPIRIN' (n = 18) and those who had never been treated with aspirin were included in the 'group NO ASPIRIN' (n = 10)...

Male gamete development begins with the specification of primordial cells in the epiblast of the early embryo and is not complete until spermatozoa mature in the epididymis of adult males. This protracted developmental process involves extensive alteration of the paternal germline epigenome. Initially, epigenetic reprogramming in fetal germ cells results in removal of most DNA methylation, including parent-specific epigenetic information. The germ cells then establish sex-specific epigenetic information through de novo methylation and undergo spermatogenesis...

While experimental data state that protamine exerts intrinsic anticoagulation effects, protamine is still frequently overdosed for heparin neutralisation during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Since comparative studies are lacking, we assessed the influence of two protamine-to-heparin dosing ratios on perioperative haemostasis and bleeding, and hypothesised that protamine overdosing impairs the coagulation status following cardiac surgery. In this open-label, multicentre, single-blinded, randomised controlled trial, patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery were assigned to a low (0...

OBJECTIVE: The method of protamine administration may influence adverse reactions. The authors investigated the effects of 3 different methods of protamine administration on cardiopulmonary function. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized clinical study. SETTING: Single university hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Human volunteer patients. INTERVENTIONS: Ninety-five patients undergoing cardiac surgery were randomized prospectively into 3 groups...

We report here on the development of a chronopotentiometric readout for ion-selective electrodes that allows one to record transition times in continuous flow conditions without the necessity to stop the flow. A sample plug of 150 μL is injected into the carrier solution (0.5 mM NaCl) and subsequently transported to the detection cell (∼20 μL) at moderate flow rates (∼0.5 mL min(-1)), where a short current pulse (5s) is applied between the ionophore-based working electrode and a biocompatible and nonpolarizable Donnan exclusion anion-exchanger membrane reference/counter electrode...

An influence of 10-(6'-plastoquinonyl)decyltriphenylphosphonium (SkQ1) on oxidative status and activity of some antioxidant enzymes in the liver and blood serum from rats was examined during experimental hyperglycemia developed after injecting protamine sulfate. It was found that SkQ1 lowered glycemic level in rats treated with protamine sulfate. Moreover, it was also accompanied by restoration of the normal range of biochemiluminescence parameters indicating the rate of ongoing free radical processes, magnitude of primary products of lipid peroxidation such as diene conjugates, activity of aconitate hydratase, and level of citrate in rat liver and blood...

Protamines have a crucial role in male fertility. They are involved in sperm chromatin packaging and influence the shape of the sperm head and, hence, are important for sperm performance. Protamine structure is basic with numerous arginine-rich DNA-binding domains. Postcopulatory sexual selection is thought to play an important role in protamine sequence evolution and expression. Here, we analyze patterns of evolution and sexual selection (in the form of sperm competition) acting on protamine 1 gene sequence in 237 mammalian species...

OBJECTIVES: Platelet-activating antibodies against protamine-heparin-complexes were described in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, but their clinical consequences remain unclear. This prospective single-center observational study aimed to describe the prevalence and clinical consequences of protamine-heparin-complex antibodies in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS: A total of 200 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were included...