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REVIEW
Sebastián García-Zamora, Laura Pulido
Cardiovascular diseases stand as the leading cause of mortality among adults globally. For decades, comprehensive evidence has underscored the correlation between infections, particularly those involving the respiratory system, and an elevated risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, as well as all-cause mortality. The mechanisms through which infections heighten cardiovascular events are intricate, encompassing immune system activation, systemic inflammation, hypercoagulable states, sympathetic system activation, and increased myocardial oxygen demand...
2024: Arch Peru Cardiol Cir Cardiovasc
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Judith Alamares-Sapuay, Michael Kishko, Charles Lai, Mark Parrington, Simon Delagrave, Richard Herbert, Ashley Castens, Joanna Swerczek, Cindy Luongo, Lijuan Yang, Peter L Collins, Ursula J Buchholz, Linong Zhang
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading viral cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and toddlers, but there currently is no licensed pediatric vaccine. A leading vaccine candidate that has been evaluated for intranasal immunization in a recently completed phase 1/2 clinical trial is an attenuated version of RSV strain A2 called RSV/ΔNS2/Δ1313/I1314L (hereafter called ΔNS2). ΔNS2 is attenuated by deletion of the interferon antagonist NS2 gene and introduction into the L polymerase protein gene of a codon deletion (Δ1313) that confers temperature-sensitivity and is stabilized by a missense mutation (I1314L)...
2024: PloS One
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sherry Tong, Jordan C Scott, Enwono Eyoh, Derek W Werthmann, Addison E Stone, Amelie E Murrell, Gilberto Sabino-Santos, Ivy V Trinh, Sruti Chandra, Debra H Elliott, Ashley R Smira, Jalene V Velazquez, John Schieffelin, Bo Ning, Tony Hu, Jay K Kolls, Samuel J Landry, Kevin J Zwezdaryk, James E Robinson, Bronwyn M Gunn, Felicia A Rabito, Elizabeth B Norton
BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes a spectrum of clinical outcomes that may be complicated by severe asthma. Antiviral immunity is often compromised in patients with asthma; however, whether this is true for SARS-CoV-2 immunity and children is unknown. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 immunity in children with asthma on the basis of infection or vaccination history and compared to respiratory syncytial viral or allergen (eg, cockroach, dust mite)-specific immunity...
May 2024: J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maria I Luck, Erick J Subillaga, Ronen Borenstein, Yosef Sabo
The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and the human metapneumovirus (hMPV) are important human respiratory pathogens from the Pneumoviridae family. Both are responsible for severe respiratory tract infections in infants, young children, elderly individuals, adults with chronic medical conditions, and immunocompromised patients. Despite their large impact on human health, vaccines for hRSV were only recently introduced, and only limited treatment options exist. Here we show that Ginkgolic acid (GA), a natural compound from the extract of Ginkgo biloba, with known antiviral properties for several viruses, efficiently inhibits these viruses' infectivity and spread in cultures in a dose-dependent manner...
April 8, 2024: Scientific Reports
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Saverio Caini, Jean-Sebastien Casalegno, Ana Paula Rodrigues, Vernon Lee, Cheryl Cohen, Q Sue Huang, Alfredo Bruno Caicedo, Anne Teirlinck, Raquel Guiomar, Li Wei Ang, Jocelyn Moyes, Tim Wood, Doménica de Mora, Mathieu Bangert, Rolf Kramer, Lisa Staadegaard, Susanne Heemskerk, Jojanneke van Summeren, Adam Meijer, John Paget
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to study whether the percentwise age distribution of RSV cases changes over time during annual epidemics. METHODS: We used surveillance data (2008-2019) from the Netherlands, Lyon (France), Portugal, Singapore, Ecuador, South Africa, and New Zealand. In each country, every season was divided into "epidemic quarters", i.e. periods corresponding to each quartile of RSV cases. Multinomial logistic regression models were fitted to evaluate whether the likelihood of RSV cases being aged <1 or ≥5 years (vs...
April 5, 2024: Journal of Infection
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lien Anh Ha Do, Naranzul Tsedenbal, Chimidregzen Khishigmunkh, Bazarkhuu Tserendulam, Lkhagvadorj Altanbumba, Dashtseren Luvsantseren, Munkhchuluun Ulziibayar, Bujinlkham Suuri, Dorj Narangerel, Bilegtsaikhan Tsolmon, Sodbayar Demberelsuren, Cattram Nguyen, Tuya Mungun, Claire von Mollendorf, Darmaa Badarch, Kim Mulholland
OBJECTIVES: Limited data indicate a beneficial effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza infections in young children. We evaluated the impact of 13-valent PCV (PCV13) introduction on the incidence of severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) associated with RSV or influenza in hospitalized children. METHODS: Our study was restricted to children aged <2 years with arterial oxygen saturation <93% and children with radiologically confirmed pneumonia nested in a pneumonia surveillance project in four districts of Ulaanbaatar city, Mongolia...
June 2024: IJID Reg
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
C Recto, S Fourati, M Khellaf, J-M Pawlotsky, N De Prost, H Diakonoff, C Donadio, L Pouga, C de Tymowski, C Kassasseya
BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is gaining interest due to the recent development of vaccines, but it is still misdiagnosed in the elderly. The primary objective was to compare all-cause mortality at day 30. Secondary objectives were to compare clinical presentation, and rates of consolidative pneumonia, hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. METHODS: Single-centre retrospective study conducted in a French university hospital during 7 epidemic seasons...
April 4, 2024: Journal of Infectious Diseases
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Diya Surie, Katharine A Yuengling, Jennifer DeCuir, Yuwei Zhu, Adam S Lauring, Manjusha Gaglani, Shekhar Ghamande, Ithan D Peltan, Samuel M Brown, Adit A Ginde, Amanda Martinez, Nicholas M Mohr, Kevin W Gibbs, David N Hager, Harith Ali, Matthew E Prekker, Michelle N Gong, Amira Mohamed, Nicholas J Johnson, Vasisht Srinivasan, Jay S Steingrub, Aleda M Leis, Akram Khan, Catherine L Hough, William S Bender, Abhijit Duggal, Emily E Bendall, Jennifer G Wilson, Nida Qadir, Steven Y Chang, Christopher Mallow, Jennie H Kwon, Matthew C Exline, Nathan I Shapiro, Cristie Columbus, Ivana A Vaughn, Mayur Ramesh, Jarrod M Mosier, Basmah Safdar, Jonathan D Casey, H Keipp Talbot, Todd W Rice, Natasha Halasa, James D Chappell, Carlos G Grijalva, Adrienne Baughman, Kelsey N Womack, Sydney A Swan, Cassandra A Johnson, Cara T Lwin, Nathaniel M Lewis, Sascha Ellington, Meredith L McMorrow, Emily T Martin, Wesley H Self
IMPORTANCE: On June 21, 2023, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended the first respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines for adults aged 60 years and older using shared clinical decision-making. Understanding the severity of RSV disease in adults can help guide this clinical decision-making. OBJECTIVE: To describe disease severity among adults hospitalized with RSV and compare it with the severity of COVID-19 and influenza disease by vaccination status...
April 1, 2024: JAMA Network Open
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xinchun Gu, Conall Watson, Utkarsh Agrawal, Heather Whitaker, William H Elson, Sneha Anand, Ray Borrow, Anna Buckingham, Elizabeth Button, Lottie Curtis, Dominic Dunn, Alex J Elliot, Filipa Ferreira, Rosalind Goudie, Uy Hoang, Katja Hoschler, Gavin Jamie, Debasish Kar, Beatrix Kele, Meredith Leston, Ezra Linley, Jack Macartney, Gemma L Marsden, Cecilia Okusi, Omid Parvizi, Catherine Quinot, Praveen Sebastianpillai, Vanashree Sexton, Gillian Smith, Timea Suli, Nicholas P B Thomas, Catherine Thompson, Daniel Todkill, Rashmi Wimalaratna, Matthew Inada-Kim, Nick Andrews, Victoria Tzortziou-Brown, Rachel Byford, Maria Zambon, Jamie Lopez-Bernal, Simon de Lusignan
BACKGROUND: Prepandemic sentinel surveillance focused on improved management of winter pressures, with influenza-like illness (ILI) being the key clinical indicator. The World Health Organization (WHO) global standards for influenza surveillance include monitoring acute respiratory infection (ARI) and ILI. The WHO's mosaic framework recommends that the surveillance strategies of countries include the virological monitoring of respiratory viruses with pandemic potential such as influenza...
April 3, 2024: JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
#30
REVIEW
Daniel Wroblewski, Lindsay A Brust-Sisti, Matthew Bridgeman, Mary Barna Bridgeman
OBJECTIVE: This review evaluates the efficacy and safety of novel respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines approved for adults aged 60 years and older. DATA SOURCES: A literature search through February 27, 2024 was conducted using search terms, such as RSV, viral respiratory illness, vaccine, RSVpreF, RSVpreF3, Prefusion F, Abrysvo, and Arexvy. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Data from primary literature and vaccine prescribing information were reviewed, encompassing evaluations of clinical pharmacology, efficacy, safety, adverse events, warnings, and precautions...
April 2, 2024: Annals of Pharmacotherapy
#31
EDITORIAL
Leslie Reperant, Colin A Russell, Albert Osterhaus
The European Scientific Working Group on Influenza (ESWI) held the 9th ESWI Influenza Conference in Valencia from 17-20 September 2023. Here we provide a summary of twelve key presentations, covering major topics on influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) including: infection processes beyond acute respiratory disease, long COVID, vaccines against influenza and RSV, the implications of the potential extinction of influenza B virus Yamagata lineage, and the threats posed by zoonotic highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses...
April 2, 2024: One health outlook
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Benjamin R Clopper, Yingtao Zhou, Ayzsa Tannis, Mary Allen Staat, Marilyn Rice, Julie A Boom, Leila C Sahni, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Christopher J Harrison, Natasha B Halasa, Laura S Stewart, Geoffrey A Weinberg, Peter G Szilagyi, Eileen J Klein, Janet A Englund, Brian Rha, Joana Y Lively, Ismael R Ortega-Sanchez, Meredith L McMorrow, Heidi L Moline
OBJECTIVE: To assess medical costs of hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) care associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in children enrolled in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network. STUDY DESIGN: We used accounting and prospective surveillance data from six pediatric health systems to assess direct medical costs from laboratory-confirmed RSV-associated hospitalizations (n=2,007) and ED visits (n=1,267) from 2016 through 2019 among children aged <5 years...
March 30, 2024: Journal of Pediatrics
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
C Galli, G Mazzola, M Arosio, L Pellegrinelli, A Boldrini, D Guarneri, E Lombarda, C Farina, D Cereda, E Pariani
OBJECTIVES: To report epidemiological and virological results of an outbreak investigation of influenza-like illness (ILI) among refugees in Northern Italy. STUDY DESIGN: Outbreak investigation of ILI cases observed among nearly 100 refugees in Northern Italy unvaccinated for influenza. METHODS: An epidemiological investigation matched with a differential diagnosis was carried out for each sample collected from ILI cases to identify 10 viral pathogens (SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus type A and B, respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, parainfluenza viruses, rhinovirus, enterovirus, parechovirus, and adenovirus) by using specific real-time PCR assays according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) protocols...
March 29, 2024: Public Health
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
New and Emerging Passive Immunization Strategies for the Prevention of RSV Infection During Infancy.
Joseph B Domachowske
To date, safe and effective strategies to prevent medically attended RSV illness across the infant population have been limited to passive immunoprophylaxis for those at highest risk. While active vaccination strategies are finally available to protect adults 60 years and older from serious RSV infection, safe and effective vaccines for use in children have yet to emerge. In contrast, passive immunization strategies designed to protect all infants against RSV has finally met with success, with two new strategies approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration during the second half of 2023...
March 30, 2024: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
#35
REVIEW
Amse De Meyer, Philip Meuleman
Despite the availability of effective preventative vaccines and potent small-molecule antiviral drugs, effective non-toxic prophylactic and therapeutic measures are still lacking for many viruses. The use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies in an antiviral context could fill this gap and provide effective virus-specific medical interventions. In order to develop these therapeutic antibodies, preclinical animal models are of utmost importance. Due to the variability in viral pathogenesis, immunity and overall characteristics, the most representative animal model for human viral infection differs between virus species...
March 26, 2024: Antiviral Research
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Richard Voorzaat, Freek Cox, Daan van Overveld, Lam Le, Lisanne Tettero, Joost Vaneman, Mark J G Bakkers, Johannes P M Langedijk
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a significant human health threat, particularly to infants and the elderly. While efficacious vaccines based on the F protein have recently received market authorization, uncertainties remain regarding the future need for vaccine updates to counteract potential viral drift. The attachment protein G has long been ignored as a vaccine target due to perceived non-essentiality and ineffective neutralization on immortalized cells. Here, we show strong G-based neutralization in fully differentiated human airway epithelial cell (hAEC) cultures that is comparable to F-based neutralization...
March 12, 2024: Vaccines
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rupali J Limaye, Prachi Singh, Berhaun Fesshaye, Ruth A Karron
BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory infections globally, with most RSV-related deaths occurring in infants < 6 months of age. The highest burden of RSV is in low-and-middle income countries, and in sub-Saharan Africa, RSV may be responsible for almost half of all hospital admissions with severe or very severe pneumonia among infants under 1 year. There is a maternal RSV vaccine on the horizon. Our study objective was to better understand how lessons learned from the COVID-19 vaccine experience rollout among pregnant and lactating people in Kenya could inform future maternal RSV vaccine rollout...
March 27, 2024: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emil Dariush Lichscheidt, Zitta Barrella Harboe, Thea Kølsen Fischer, Carsten Schade Larsen
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV is) a common respiratory virus responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality among infants, elderly with comorbidity, and immunocompromised adults. Two vaccines, Abrysvo and Arexvy, have been approved for prevention of severe RSV infection in adults ≥ 60 years of age. In addition, Abrysvo is approved for use during pregnancy to protect infants from RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection. Currently, there is no national recommendation for the use of the vaccines, but vaccination of elderly at highest risk of severe RSV infection should be considered in a shared clinical decision making...
March 11, 2024: Ugeskrift for Laeger
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elisabeth Dietz, Emma Pritchard, Koen Pouwels, Muhammad Ehsaan, Joshua Blake, Charlotte Gaughan, Eric Haduli, Hugh Boothe, Karina-Doris Vihta, Tim Peto, Nicole Stoesser, Philippa Matthews, Nick Taylor, Ian Diamond, Ruth Studley, Emma Rourke, Paul Birrell, Daniela De Angelis, Tom Fowler, Conall Watson, David Eyre, Thomas House, Ann Sarah Walker
BACKGROUND: Syndromic surveillance often relies on patients presenting to healthcare. Community cohorts, although more challenging to recruit, could provide additional population-wide insights, particularly with SARS-CoV-2 co-circulating with other respiratory viruses. METHODS: We estimated the positivity and incidence of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A/B, and RSV, and trends in self-reported symptoms including influenza-like illness (ILI), over the 2022/23 winter season in a broadly representative UK community cohort (COVID-19 Infection Survey), using negative-binomial generalised additive models...
March 26, 2024: BMC Medicine
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jan Biegus, Leszek Szenborn, Robert Zymliński, Michał Zakliczyński, Krzysztof Reczuch, Mateusz Guzik, Szymon Urban, Marta Rosiek-Biegus, Berenika Jankowiak, Gracjan Iwanek, Marat Fudim, Piotr Ponikowski
The safety of simultaneous vaccination for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and influenza in vulnerable high-risk heart failure (HF) patients remains unclear. In an open-label, prospective study, 105 patients received concurrent influenza (Vaxigrip Tetra, season 2023/2024, Sanofi) and RSV (Arexvy, GSK) vaccinations from September 15th to November 17th, 2023. Adverse events were collected on the fourth-day post-vaccination. Overall, the vaccination was well tolerated, with the most common reaction being injection site pain (63 %)...
March 25, 2024: Vaccine
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