Interpectoral

This article reviews the ultrasound evaluation and staging of breast cancer with respect to the involvement of interpectoral (Rotter) lymph nodes. The primary objective is to demonstrate and assess the characteristic sonographic findings of interpectoral (Rotter) lymph nodes to help provide accurate nodal staging information. We aim to provide a comprehensive review and serve as an imaging guide for the identification and evaluation of Rotter lymph nodes. The detection of abnormalities and pathologic features of metastatic axillary nodal disease in the interpectoral region is reviewed, and the impact on clinical management and treatment is discussed...

Post-radiation soft tissue sarcomas (PRSTSs) are rare secondary malignancies. In this report, we describe the clinical presentation of a 52-year-old woman who underwent postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) for left-sided breast cancer 2.7 years ago and presented with a left internal mammary mass and left interpectoral nodule on computed tomography. On further evaluation, she was diagnosed with internal mammary rhabdomyosarcoma and interpectoral nodal breast cancer relapse, and was treated with chemotherapy, followed by surgery and endocrine therapy...

The widespread COVID-19 vaccination led to unexpected PET findings. Notably, axillary and interpectoral lymphadenopathies ipsilateral to the vaccine inoculation were observed. We aimed to assess the hypermetabolic lymphadenopathy (HLN) detection rate on PET/CT. Secondly, we investigated factors that might help in HLN differential diagnosis. A retrospective analysis on 1196 consecutive patients referred for a PET/CT was performed. All patients were asked about the date, type and site of vaccine injections. HLNs were recorded and categorized according to risk classes and SUVmax grades...

Purpose: Interpectoral lymph nodes (IPNs) are one of the lymphatic drainage pathways in breast cancer. However, the clinical significance of IPN dissection is controversial, and there is no international consensus regarding the management of IPN for resectable breast cancer. Our study aims to identify the independent predictors of IPN metastasis in invasive breast cancer (IBC) and provide some evidence for rational decision-making. Methods: Data from 214 IBC patients who were treated with modified radical mastectomy (MRM) plus IPN dissection or biopsy in Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital were retrospectively reviewed...

Surgical management of node positive breast cancer requires axillary dissection. Interpectoral nodes (IPNs) or Rotter's nodes removal is controversial as there is hardly any tissue in this region. IPNs involvement is rarely seen among breast cancer patients. Developing an effective protocol for surgical management of axilla is necessary for uniformity, to reduce the risk of regional recurrence and to avoid the morbidity of interpectoral lymphatic tissue clearance. This study aimed to evaluate the detection of lymph nodes in Rotter's region and positive metastasis rate of IPNs in patients with node positive breast cancer for analyzing the prognostic and therapeutic value of IPN excision during axillary clearance...

The patient was 54 years old, female. She was aware of gradually worsening right peri-eyelid swelling 2 years before the first presentation to our dermatology department. She underwent biopsy of eyelid skin 2 times. Nevertheless, definitive diagnosis was not obtained. Two months after the initial examination, right anterior thoracic swelling appeared, and right axillary, right subclavian, and interpectoral lymphadenopathy were detected. She was referred to our department for diagnosing metastatic breast cancer...

PURPOSE: To investigate the dosimetric impact of breathing motion on robustly optimized proton therapy treatment plans for left-sided breast cancer patients with an indication for locoregional irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical Target Volumes (CTVs) (left-sided breast, level 1 to 4 axillary lymph nodes, interpectoral and internal mammary lymph node regions) and organs at risk were delineated on 4 D-CTs of ten female patients. After treatment planning to a prescribed dose of 40...

A 57-year-old woman with a history of previous bilateral breast polyacrylamide hydrogel injection presented for F-FDG PET/CT imaging to investigate recurrent retroperitoneal liposarcoma. Incidental symmetrical FDG-positive accumulation was noted in the bilateral axillae tracking between the interpectoral planes. The finding is consistent with a chronic inflammatory process secondary to the migration of the polyacrylamide hydrogel injections.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Background: Endoscopic transaxillary augmentation mammaplasty breast augmentation offers several advantages over other augmentation methods. Nonetheless, this procedure is fraught with some problems, including greater surgical trauma due to the longer separation area. We hypothesized that cold separation of the interpectoral space could reduce surgical injury in comparison to the electrosurgical method. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of endoscopic-assisted transaxillary augmentation mammaplasty using cold separation versus electrosurgical separation of the interpectoral space...

INTRODUCTION: Phyllodes tumors are rare fibroepithelial neoplasms of the breast, account for less than 1 % of all breast neoplasms, lymph node metastasis is even rare and routine axillary dissection is not recommended. Approximately 20 % of patients with malignant phyllodes tumors develop distant metastasis. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 45 years old premenopausal female, presented with a huge right breast mass for 3 years. Physical examination revealed a 40 × 46 cm, lobulated mass, fixed to the chest wall and multiple enlarged and mobile ipsilateral axillary lymphadenopathy...

Purpose: To evaluate the opportunities of single photon emission tomography/computerized tomography (SPECT-CT) for localization of axillary sentinel lymph nodes (ASLNs) and subsequent radiotherapy planning in women with early breast cancer. Material and methods: Individual topography of ASLN was determined in 151 women with clinical T1-2N0M0 breast cancer. SPECT-CT visualization of ASLNs was initiated 120 min after intra-peritumoral injection of 99mTc-radiocolloids...

BACKGROUND: Skin-sparing (SSME) and nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSME) were developed to improve the cosmetic results for breast cancer (BC) patients, both allowing for immediate breast reconstruction. Recommendations for post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) are primarily derived from trials where patients were treated by standard mastectomies. Due to their more conservative character, SSME and especially NSME potentially leave more glandular tissue at risk for subclinical disease. METHODS: Rates and sites of locoregional failures following SSME and NSME plus/minus reconstruction were analyzed regarding tumor stage and biological risk factors...

PURPOSE: A complete axillary lymph node (ALN) dissection is therapeutic in node-positive breast cancer. Presently, there is no international consensus regarding anatomic levels to be addressed in complete axillary dissection. We assessed the burden of disease in level III axilla. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospectively maintained database was assessed for 1,591 consecutive patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer registered at Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, between January 2009 and December 2014...

PURPOSE: Aim of the present analysis was to evaluate the movement and dose variability of the different lymph node levels of node-positive breast cancer patients during adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) with regional nodal irradiation (RNI) in deep-inspiration breath hold (DIBH). METHODS: Thirty-five consecutive node-positive breast cancer patients treated from October 2016 to February 2018 receiving postoperative RT of the breast or chest wall including RNI of the supra-/infraclavicular lymph node levels (corresponding to levels IV, III, Rotter LN (interpectoral), and some parts of level II) were analyzed...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The popularization of ultrasound-guided nerve blocks in cosmetic and reconstructive breast surgery calls for better anatomical understanding of chest wall innervation. When inserting subpectoral implants, pain from pocket dissection, stretching of muscle, and release of costal attachments may be relieved by blocking the pectoral nerves in the interpectoral (IP) space.We describe the variable anatomy of the pectoral nerves in the IP space in order to define the area to be covered for sufficient blockade, based on cadaver dissections...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the analgesic efficacy of continuous interpectoral block (CIPB) compared to intravenous analgesia (IV) after breast surgery. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A prospective, comparative and randomised study of women aged from 18-75years, ASAI-III, operated for breast cancer. In group1 (CIPB) after general anaesthetic, an ultrasound-guided interpectoral catheter was placed and 30mL of 0.5% ropivacaine was administered through it. In the event of an increase in heart rate and blood pressure >15% after the surgical incision, intravenous fentanyl 1μg·kg-1 was administered, repeating the dose as necessary...

Using a single dose of local anaesthetics has some disadvantages and provides limited analgesia depending on the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the local anaesthetic used. Nevertheless, the use of continuous perineural infusions allows sustained pain control. Ultrasound-guided interpectoral block followed by the placement of catheters in patients undergoing mastectomies with or without lymph node axillary dissections can result in sufficient pain control. We present a case of a 58-year-old woman undergoing mastectomy and axillary clearance who received ultrasound-guided continuous interpectoral block for postoperative analgesia...