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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaoqi Ai, Rui Lin, Zeeshan Ali, Qingjun Zhu, Li Ding, Haitao Shi, Meiling Hong
Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) hibernates without eating and drinking when the ambient temperature is very low. To better understand the characteristics of energy utilization during hibernation, the turtles in the physiological phases of summer active (SA), Pre-Hibernation (PreH), Mid-Hibernation (Mid-H) and early arousal (EA) were sampled. The results showed that the levels of serum triglyceride and hepatic lipid droplet were markedly increased in Pre-H and decreased in Mid-H compared with that in SA, indicating that P...
March 2, 2024: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology: CBP
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shahar Dubiner, Shai Meiri, Eran Levin
In winter, many reptiles have a period of inactivity ("brumation"). During brumation there is no energetic intake, therefore there would be an advantage to reducing energetic expenditure. The size of energetically costly organs, a major determinant of metabolic rate, is known to be flexible in many tetrapods. Seasonal plasticity of organ size could serve as both an energy-saving mechanism and a source of nutrients for brumating reptiles. We studied a population of an invasive gecko, Tarentola annularis, to test for seasonal changes in activity, metabolic rate, and mass of various organs...
February 13, 2024: Integrative Zoology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brynne M Duffy, Leah Hayward, James F Staples
Hibernation confers resistance to ischemia-reperfusion injury in tissue, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Suppression of mitochondrial respiration during torpor may contribute to this tolerance. To explore this concept, we subjected isolated liver mitochondria from torpid, interbout euthermic (IBE) and summer 13-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) to 5 min of anoxia, followed by reoxygenation (A/R). We also included rat liver mitochondria as a non-hibernating comparison group. Maximum respiration rates of mitochondria from torpid ground squirrels were not affected by A/R, but in IBE and summer, these rates decreased by 50% following A/R and in rats they decreased by 80%...
October 18, 2023: Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yue He, Hui-Ping Wang, Fang-Yang Pan, Shen-Hui Xu, Yun-Fang Gao
Skeletal muscle disuse atrophy can cause degenerative changes in neuromuscular junction morphology. Although Daurian ground squirrels ( Spermophilus dauricus ) are a natural anti-disuse animal model for studying muscle atrophy during hibernation, little is known about the morphological and regulatory mechanisms of their neuromuscular junctions. Here, we found that morphological indices of the soleus muscle were significantly lower during hibernation (torpor and interbout arousal) compared to pre-hibernation but recovered during post-hibernation...
October 5, 2023: Journal of Applied Physiology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kirsten Grond, C Loren Buck, Khrystyne N Duddleston
Obligate seasonal hibernators fast for 5-9 months depending on species yet resist muscle atrophy and emerge with little lean mass loss. The role of the gut microbiome in host nitrogen metabolism during hibernation is therefore of considerable interest, and recent studies support a role for urea nitrogen salvage (UNS) in host-protein conservation. We were interested in the effect of pre-hibernation diet on UNS and the microbial provision of essential amino acids (EAAs) during hibernation; therefore, we conducted a study whereby we fed arctic ground squirrels ( Urocitellus parryii ) pre-hibernation diets containing 9% vs...
2023: Frontiers in Genetics
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Giulia S Rossi, Kenneth C Welch
In mammals, leptin is an important energy homeostasis hormone produced by adipose tissue. Circulating leptin concentrations correlate positively with fat mass and act in a negative feedback fashion to inhibit food intake and increase energy expenditure, thereby preventing fat gain. For some species, leptin resistance is advantageous during times of year where fat gain is necessary (e.g., prior to hibernation). While the function of leptin in birds remains controversial, seasonal leptin resistance may similarly benefit migratory species...
May 29, 2023: Integrative and Comparative Biology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matthew J Christmas, Irene M Kaplow, Diane P Genereux, Michael X Dong, Graham M Hughes, Xue Li, Patrick F Sullivan, Allyson G Hindle, Gregory Andrews, Joel C Armstrong, Matteo Bianchi, Ana M Breit, Mark Diekhans, Cornelia Fanter, Nicole M Foley, Daniel B Goodman, Linda Goodman, Kathleen C Keough, Bogdan Kirilenko, Amanda Kowalczyk, Colleen Lawless, Abigail L Lind, Jennifer R S Meadows, Lucas R Moreira, Ruby W Redlich, Louise Ryan, Ross Swofford, Alejandro Valenzuela, Franziska Wagner, Ola Wallerman, Ashley R Brown, Joana Damas, Kaili Fan, John Gatesy, Jenna Grimshaw, Jeremy Johnson, Sergey V Kozyrev, Alyssa J Lawler, Voichita D Marinescu, Kathleen M Morrill, Austin Osmanski, Nicole S Paulat, BaDoi N Phan, Steven K Reilly, Daniel E Schäffer, Cynthia Steiner, Megan A Supple, Aryn P Wilder, Morgan E Wirthlin, James R Xue, Bruce W Birren, Steven Gazal, Robert M Hubley, Klaus-Peter Koepfli, Tomas Marques-Bonet, Wynn K Meyer, Martin Nweeia, Pardis C Sabeti, Beth Shapiro, Arian F A Smit, Mark S Springer, Emma C Teeling, Zhiping Weng, Michael Hiller, Danielle L Levesque, Harris A Lewin, William J Murphy, Arcadi Navarro, Benedict Paten, Katherine S Pollard, David A Ray, Irina Ruf, Oliver A Ryder, Andreas R Pfenning, Kerstin Lindblad-Toh, Elinor K Karlsson
Zoonomia is the largest comparative genomics resource for mammals produced to date. By aligning genomes for 240 species, we identify bases that, when mutated, are likely to affect fitness and alter disease risk. At least 332 million bases (~10.7%) in the human genome are unusually conserved across species (evolutionarily constrained) relative to neutrally evolving repeats, and 4552 ultraconserved elements are nearly perfectly conserved. Of 101 million significantly constrained single bases, 80% are outside protein-coding exons and half have no functional annotations in the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) resource...
April 28, 2023: Science
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Manuela Thienel, Johannes B Müller-Reif, Zhe Zhang, Vincent Ehreiser, Judith Huth, Khrystyna Shchurovska, Badr Kilani, Lisa Schweizer, Philipp E Geyer, Maximilian Zwiebel, Julia Novotny, Enzo Lüsebrink, Gemma Little, Martin Orban, Leo Nicolai, Shaza El Nemr, Anna Titova, Michael Spannagl, Jonas Kindberg, Alina L Evans, Orpheus Mach, Matthias Vogel, Steffen Tiedt, Steffen Ormanns, Barbara Kessler, Anne Dueck, Andrea Friebe, Peter Godsk Jørgensen, Monir Majzoub-Altweck, Andreas Blutke, Amin Polzin, Konstantin Stark, Stefan Kääb, Doris Maier, Jonathan M Gibbins, Ulrich Limper, Ole Frobert, Matthias Mann, Steffen Massberg, Tobias Petzold
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) comprising deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Short-term immobility-related conditions are a major risk factor for the development of VTE. Paradoxically, long-term immobilized free-ranging hibernating brown bears and paralyzed spinal cord injury (SCI) patients are protected from VTE. We aimed to identify mechanisms of immobility-associated VTE protection in a cross-species approach. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics revealed an antithrombotic signature in platelets of hibernating brown bears with heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) as the most substantially reduced protein...
April 14, 2023: Science
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
John A Tsiouris, Michael Flory
INTRODUCTION: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in the lymphoblasts and leukocytes of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have been reported to be downregulated compared to in controls. cAMP is a derivative of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and low ATP turnover has been reported in the state of hypometabolism associated with human MDD and with mammalian hibernation due to suppression of mitochondrial metabolism. Similarities have been noted between many state-dependent neurobiological changes associated with MDD in humans and with mammalian hibernation...
2023: Frontiers in Psychiatry
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eman A R Abdelghffar, Ameera G ALmohammadi, Samina Malik, Arafat Khalphallah, Mohamed Mostafa Soliman
Wildlife has exposed to various environmental stressors. Reptiles (ectothermic) are highly susceptible to climatic changes due to their behaviour, physiology, and life history that were so heavily reliant on the ambient environmental temperature. The present work aims to monitor different biochemical and haematological indices of Dabb lizards (Uromastyx aegyptia) at various thermal gradients as well as their adaptation to oxidative stress. This has been reflected through assessment of their impact on some adaptive physiological traits i...
February 28, 2023: Scientific Reports
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kaspar Reier, Aivar Liiv, Jaanus Remme
Bacterial ribosomes contain over 50 ribosome core proteins (r-proteins). Tens of non-ribosomal proteins bind to ribosomes to promote various steps of translation or suppress protein synthesis during ribosome hibernation. This study sets out to determine how translation activity is regulated during the prolonged stationary phase. Here, we report the protein composition of ribosomes during the stationary phase. According to quantitative mass-spectrometry analysis, ribosome core proteins bL31B and bL36B are present during the late log and first days of the stationary phase and are replaced by corresponding A paralogs later in the prolonged stationary phase...
February 4, 2023: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laura Cussonneau, Cécile Coudy-Gandilhon, Christiane Deval, Ghita Chaouki, Mehdi Djelloul-Mazouz, Yoann Delorme, Julien Hermet, Guillemette Gauquelin-Koch, Cécile Polge, Daniel Taillandier, Julien Averous, Alain Bruhat, Céline Jousse, Isabelle Papet, Fabrice Bertile, Etienne Lefai, Pierre Fafournoux, Anne-Catherine Maurin, Lydie Combaret
Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is involved in muscle atrophy through the overexpression of some atrogenes. However, it also controls the transcription of genes involved in muscle homeostasis maintenance. Here, we explored the effect of ATF4 activation by the pharmacological molecule halofuginone during hindlimb suspension (HS)-induced muscle atrophy. Firstly, we reported that periodic activation of ATF4-regulated atrogenes ( Gadd45a , Cdkn1a , and Eif4ebp1 ) by halofuginone was not associated with muscle atrophy in healthy mice...
December 30, 2022: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mikhail Zamakhaev, Artem Grigorov, Julia Bespyatykh, Tatyana Azhikina, Anna Goncharenko, Mikhail Shumkov
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an extremely successful pathogen known for its ability to cause latent infection. The latter is connected with the bacterium resting state development and is considered to be based on the activity of toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems at least in part. Here we studied the physiological and proteomic consequences of VapC toxin overexpression together with the features of the protein synthesis apparatus and compared them with the characteristics of dormant mycobacterial cells in an M. smegmatis model...
December 15, 2022: Archives of Microbiology
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Richard B Richardson, Ryan J Mailloux
There is a dearth of evidence-based reports linking the generation of free radicals and associated redox modifications with other major physiological changes of the sleep-wake cycle. To address this shortcoming, we examine and hypothesize that circadian/ultradian interaction of the redoxome, bioenergetics, and thermal signaling strongly regulate the differential activities of the sleep-wake cycle. Post-translational modifications of proteins by reversible cysteine oxoforms, S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation, are shown to play a major role regulating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, protein synthesis, respiration, and metabolomics...
November 30, 2022: Free Radical Biology & Medicine
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sina Schäkermann, Pascal Dietze, Julia E Bandow
Current research is focusing on ribosome heterogeneity as a response to changing environmental conditions and stresses. Altered stoichiometry and composition of ribosomal proteins as well as association of additional protein factors are mechanisms for shaping the protein expression profile or hibernating ribosomes. In this updated chapter, we present a method for the isolation of ribosomes to analyze antibiotic-induced changes in the composition of ribosomes in Bacillus subtilis or other bacteria. Ribosomes and associated proteins are isolated by ultracentrifugation, and proteins are identified and quantified using label-free mass spectrometry...
2023: Methods in Molecular Biology
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Piyaporn Eiamcharoen, Angie Gelli, Barbara A Byrne, M Kevin Keel
Pseudogymnoascus destructans is the etiological agent of white-nose syndrome (WNS), a fungal skin infection of hibernating bats. Pathophysiology of the disease involves disruption of bat metabolism and hibernation patterns, which subsequently causes premature emergence and mortality. However, information on the mechanism(s) and virulence factors of P. destructans infection is minimally known. Typically, fungal adherence to host cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) is the critical first step of the infection...
November 21, 2022: Microbial Pathogenesis
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael W Saxton, Blair W Perry, Brandon D Evans Hutzenbiler, Shawn Trojahn, Alexia Gee, Anthony P Brown, Gennifer E Merrihew, Jea Park, Omar E Cornejo, Michael J MacCoss, Charles T Robbins, Heiko T Jansen, Joanna L Kelley
Understanding how metabolic reprogramming happens in cells will aid the progress in the treatment of a variety of metabolic disorders. Brown bears undergo seasonal shifts in insulin sensitivity, including reversible insulin resistance in hibernation. We performed RNA-sequencing on brown bear adipocytes and proteomics on serum to identify changes possibly responsible for reversible insulin resistance. We observed dramatic transcriptional changes, which depended on both the cell and serum season of origin. Despite large changes in adipocyte gene expression, only changes in eight circulating proteins were identified as related to the seasonal shifts in insulin sensitivity, including some that have not previously been associated with glucose homeostasis...
October 21, 2022: IScience
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bulat Fatkhullin, Alexander Golubev, Natalia Garaeva, Shamil Validov, Azat Gabdulkhakov, Marat Yusupov
Ribosomal silencing factor S (RsfS) is a conserved protein that plays a role in the mechanisms of ribosome shutdown and cell survival during starvation. Recent studies demonstrated the involvement of RsfS in the biogenesis of the large ribosomal subunit. RsfS binds to the uL14 ribosomal protein on the large ribosomal subunit and prevents its association with the small subunit. Here, we estimated the contribution of RsfS amino acid side chains at the interface between RsfS and uL14 to RsfS anti-association function in Staphylococcus aureus through in vitro experiments: centrifugation in sucrose gradient profiles and an S...
September 18, 2022: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexander Ochoa, Alyssa T B Hassinger, Matthew L Holding, H Lisle Gibbs
Understanding the molecular basis of adaptations in coevolving species requires identifying the genes that underlie reciprocally selected phenotypes, such as those involved in venom in snakes and resistance to the venom in their prey. In this regard, California ground squirrels (CGS; Otospermophilus beecheyi) are eaten by northern Pacific rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus oreganus), but individual squirrels may still show substantial resistance to venom and survive bites. A recent study using proteomics identified venom interactive proteins (VIPs) in the blood serum of CGS...
May 24, 2022: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B, Molecular and Developmental Evolution
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amalie J Hutchinson, Brynne M Duffy, James F Staples
Complexes of the electron transport system can associate with each other to form supercomplexes (SCs) within mitochondrial membranes, perhaps increasing respiratory capacity or reducing reactive oxygen species production. In this study, we determined the abundance, composition, and stability of SCs in a mammalian hibernator, in which both whole animal and mitochondrial metabolism change greatly throughout winter. We isolated mitochondria from thirteen-lined ground squirrels ( Ictidomys tridecemlineatus ) in different hibernation states, as well as from rats ( Rattus norvegicus )...
July 1, 2022: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
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