keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536705/from-animal-models-to-gut-on-chip-the-challenging-journey-to-capture-inter-individual-variability-in-chronic-digestive-disorders
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aicha Kriaa, Vincent Mariaule, Charlotte De Rudder, Amin Jablaoui, Harry Sokol, Paul Wilmes, Emmanuelle Maguin, Moez Rhimi
Chronic digestive disorders are of increasing incidence worldwide with expensive treatments and no available cure. Available therapeutic schemes mainly rely on symptom relief, with large degrees of variability in patients' response to such treatments, underlining the need for new therapeutic strategies. There are strong indications that the gut microbiota's contribution seems to be a key modulator of disease activity and patients' treatment responses. Hence, efforts have been devoted to understanding host-microbe interactions and the mechanisms underpinning such variability...
2024: Gut Microbes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536623/gut-barrier-dysfunction-and-the-risk-of-icu-acquired-bacteremia-a-case-control-study
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Meri R J Varkila, Diana M Verboom, Lennie P G Derde, Tom van der Poll, Marc J M Bonten, Olaf L Cremer
BACKGROUND: Impaired intestinal barrier function can enable passage of enteric microorganisms into the bloodstream and lead to nosocomial bloodstream infections during critical illness. We aimed to determine the relative importance of gut translocation as a source for ICU-acquired enterococcal bacteremia of unknown origin. METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study in two mixed medical-surgical tertiary ICUs in the Netherlands among patients enrolled between 2011 and 2018...
March 27, 2024: Annals of Intensive Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535863/a-preliminary-study-assessing-a-transfer-learning-approach-to-intestinal-image-analysis-to-help-determine-treatment-response-in-canine-protein-losing-enteropathy
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aarti Kathrani, Isla Trewin, Kenneth Ancheta, Androniki Psifidi, Sophie Le Calvez, Jonathan Williams
Dogs with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) caused by inflammatory enteritis, intestinal lymphangiectasia, or both, have a guarded prognosis, with death occurring as a result of the disease in approximately 50% of cases. Although dietary therapy alone is significantly associated with a positive outcome, there is limited ability to differentiate between food-responsive (FR) PLE and immunosuppressant-responsive (IR) PLE at diagnosis in dogs. Our objective was to determine if a transfer learning computational approach to image classification on duodenal biopsy specimens collected at diagnosis was able to differentiate FR-PLE from IR-PLE...
March 14, 2024: Veterinary Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535788/assessment-of-the-impact-of-humic-acids-on-intestinal-microbiota-gut-integrity-ileum-morphometry-and-cellular-immunity-of-turkey-poults-fed-an-aflatoxin-b-1-contaminated-diet
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jesús A Maguey-González, Jing Liu, Guolong Zhang, Juan D Latorre, Juan O Hernández-Ramírez, María de Jesús Nava-Ramírez, Roberto Senas-Cuesta, Sergio Gómez-Rosales, María de Lourdes Ángeles, Andressa Stein, Bruno Solís-Cruz, Daniel Hernández-Patlán, Rubén Merino-Guzmán, Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco, Inkar Castellanos-Huerta, Santiago Uribe-Diaz, Alma Vázquez-Durán, Abraham Méndez-Albores, Victor M Petrone-Garcia, Guillermo Tellez, Billy M Hargis, Guillermo Téllez-Isaías
A recent study published data on the growth performance, relative weights of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, liver histology, serum biochemistry, and hematological parameters for turkey poults fed an experimental diet contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) and humic acids (HA) extracted from vermicompost. The negative effects of AFB1 (250 ng AFB1 /g of feed) were significantly reduced by HA supplementation (0.25% w / w ), suggesting that HA might be utilized to ameliorate the negative impact of AFB1 from contaminated diets...
February 29, 2024: Toxins
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535578/current-knowledge-of-enterococcal-endocarditis-a-disease-lurking-in-plain-sight-of-health-providers
#5
REVIEW
Francesco Nappi
Enterococcus faecalis is a bacterial pathogen that can cause opportunistic infections. Studies indicate that initial biofilm formation plays a crucial regulatory role in these infections, as well as in colonising and maintaining the gastrointestinal tract as a commensal member of the microbiome of most land animals. It has long been thought that vegetation of endocarditis resulting from bacterial attachment to the endocardial endothelium requires some pre-existing tissue damage, and in animal models of experimental endocarditis, mechanical valve damage is typically induced by cardiac catheterisation preceding infection...
March 7, 2024: Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535499/modulation-of-the-mas-related-g-protein-coupled-receptor-x2-mrgprx2-by-xenobiotic-compounds-and-its-relevance-to-human-diseases
#6
REVIEW
Alicja Dziadowiec, Iwona Popiolek, Mateusz Kwitniewski, Grzegorz Porebski
Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells that reside in tissues; particularly in the skin, and in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), which is present on the surface of MCs and can be targeted by multiple exogenous and endogenous ligands. It is potentially implicated in non-IgE-mediated pseudoallergic reactions and inflammatory conditions such as asthma or atopic dermatitis. In this paper, we review natural products and herbal medicines that may potentially interact with MRGPRX2...
March 13, 2024: Journal of Xenobiotics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535317/integrative-multiomics-approach-to-skin-the-sinergy-between-individualised-medicine-and-futuristic-precision-skin-care
#7
REVIEW
Angelica Dessì, Roberta Pintus, Vassilios Fanos, Alice Bosco
The skin is a complex ecosystem colonized by millions of microorganisms, the skin microbiota, which are crucial in regulating not only the physiological functions of the skin but also the metabolic changes underlying the onset of skin diseases. The high microbial colonization together with a low diversity at the phylum level and a high diversity at the species level of the skin is very similar to that of the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, there is an important communication pathway along the gut-brain-skin axis, especially associated with the modulation of neurotransmitters by the microbiota...
March 7, 2024: Metabolites
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535298/effects-of-different-feed-additives-on-intestinal-metabolite-composition-of-weaned-piglets
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mingxuan Zhao, Jian Zhang, Fuzhou Liu, Lv Luo, Mingbang Wei, Yourong Ye, Chamba Yangzom, Peng Shang
To study the effects of different feed additives on the weaning stress of Tibetan piglets, we selected 28 healthy, 30-day-old Tibetan weaned piglets and divided them into four groups, namely, the control group (basal feed without any antibiotic additions) (Nor), the group with the addition of the antibiotic lincomycin (Ant), the group with the addition of fifteen-flavor black pills of Tibetan medicine (Tib), and the group with the addition of fecal bacterial supernatant (Fec). We measured growth performance, blood physiological indexes, and metabolomics...
February 26, 2024: Metabolites
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535012/color-transfer-enhanced-data-construction-and-validation-for-deep-learning-based-upper-gastrointestinal-landmark-classification-in-wireless-capsule-endoscopy
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hyeon-Seo Kim, Byungwoo Cho, Jong-Oh Park, Byungjeon Kang
While the adoption of wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) has been steadily increasing, its primary application remains limited to observing the small intestine, with relatively less application in the upper gastrointestinal tract. However, there is a growing anticipation that advancements in capsule endoscopy technology will lead to a significant increase in its application in upper gastrointestinal examinations. This study addresses the underexplored domain of landmark identification within the upper gastrointestinal tract using WCE, acknowledging the limited research and public datasets available in this emerging field...
March 11, 2024: Diagnostics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534341/gut-brain-interactions-and-their-impact-on-astrocytes-in-the-context-of-multiple-sclerosis-and-beyond
#10
REVIEW
Julia Zißler, Veit Rothhammer, Mathias Linnerbauer
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that leads to physical and cognitive impairment in young adults. The increasing prevalence of MS underscores the critical need for innovative therapeutic approaches. Recent advances in neuroimmunology have highlighted the significant role of the gut microbiome in MS pathology, unveiling distinct alterations in patients' gut microbiota. Dysbiosis not only impacts gut-intrinsic processes but also influences the production of bacterial metabolites and hormones, which can regulate processes in remote tissues, such as the CNS...
March 13, 2024: Cells
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534210/construction-of-a-human-immune-library-from-gallbladder-cancer-patients-for-the-single-chain-fragment-variable-scfv-antibody-selection-against-claudin-18-2-via-phage-display
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brian Effer, Daniel Ulloa, Camila Dappolonnio, Francisca Muñoz, Isabel Iturrieta-González, Loraine Cotes, Claudio Rojas, Pamela Leal
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a very aggressive malignant neoplasm of the biliary tract with a poor prognosis. There are no specific therapies for the treatment of GBC or early diagnosis tools; for this reason, the development of strategies and technologies that facilitate or allow an early diagnosis of GBC continues to be decisive. Phage display is a robust technique used for the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) involving (1) the generation of gene libraries, (2) the screening and selection of isoforms related to an immobilized antigen, and (3) the in vitro maturation of the affinity of the antibody for the antigen...
March 12, 2024: Antibodies
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534158/enrichable-consortia-of-microbial-symbionts-degrade-macroalgal-polysaccharides-in-kyphosus-fish
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aaron Oliver, Sheila Podell, Linda Wegley Kelly, Wesley J Sparagon, Alvaro M Plominsky, Robert S Nelson, Lieve M L Laurens, Simona Augyte, Neil A Sims, Craig E Nelson, Eric E Allen
Coastal herbivorous fishes consume macroalgae, which is then degraded by microbes along their digestive tract. However, there is scarce genomic information about the microbiota that perform this degradation. This study explores the potential of Kyphosus gastrointestinal microbial symbionts to collaboratively degrade and ferment polysaccharides from red, green, and brown macroalgae through in silico study of carbohydrate-active enzyme and sulfatase sequences. Recovery of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from previously described Kyphosus gut metagenomes and newly sequenced bioreactor enrichments reveals differences in enzymatic capabilities between the major microbial taxa in Kyphosus guts...
March 27, 2024: MBio
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533927/altered-glycosylation-in-secreting-cells-of-the-gastric-glands-of-aquaporin-4-deficient-mice
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Donatella Mentino, Grazia Paola Nicchia, Antonio Frigeri, Salvatore Desantis, Marco Vito Guglielmi, Daniela Semeraro, Giovanni Scillitani, Maria Mastrodonato
Aquaporins (AQPs) are important for water transport in the gastrointestinal tract. Changes in their expression and/or localization could cause in disorders and be used as therapeutic targets. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is expressed predominantly on the basolateral membrane of the parietal cells in the corpus of the murine gastric glands. Although the secretion of gastric juice is not affected in AQP4-deficient knockout, we evaluated by light microscopy whether the lack of AQP4 affects the glycopatterns of secreting gastric cells...
March 27, 2024: Microscopy Research and Technique
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533716/role-of-opioid-use-in-gastrointestinal-obstruction-and-perforation-a-retrospective-review
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Divya Bishnoi, Priyanka Sharma, Anant Kumar Rathi
INTRODUCTION: Pain is one of the most common complaints that brings a patient to a hospital. For this, usually, the patient might have already consumed various types of pain killer combinations, either prescribed or over-the-counter. In some of these cases, a patient consumes these medicines unmonitored for a long time and then comes with complications, among which gastrointestinal tract obstruction and perforation are the most life threatening. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case files from the Department of Surgery were retrieved and studied...
2024: Journal of Opioid Management
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533575/intestinal-microbiota-modulates-neuroinflammatory-response-and-brain-injury-after-neonatal-hypoxia-ischemia
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexander Drobyshevsky, Sylvia Synowiec, Ivan Goussakov, Rafael Fabres, Jing Lu, Michael Caplan
Premature infants lack a normal intestinal microbial community and also at risk of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury, which is considered to be one of the major factors for motor, sensory, and cognitive deficits. We hypothesized that neonatal gut microbiota composition modulated the immune reaction and severity of neonatal H-I brain injury. Neonatal C57BL/6J mouse pups were exposed to H-I protocol consisting of permanent left carotid artery ligation, followed by 8% hypoxia for 60 min. Microbial manipulation groups included 1) antibiotic treatment, E18 (maternal) to P5; 2) antibiotic treatment E18 to P5 + E...
2024: Gut Microbes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533566/-fusobacterium-nucleatum-induces-chemoresistance-in-colorectal-cancer-by-inhibiting-pyroptosis-via-the-hippo-pathway
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ni Wang, Lu Zhang, Xiao-Xu Leng, Yi-Le Xie, Zi-Ran Kang, Li-Cong Zhao, Lin-Hong Song, Cheng-Bei Zhou, Jing-Yuan Fang
Chemotherapy resistance is one of the main reasons for the poor prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Moreover, dysbiosis of gut bacteria was found to be a specific environmental risk factor. In this study, enrichment of F. nucleatum was elucidated to be significantly associated with CRC recurrence after chemotherapy. Functional experiments showed that F. nucleatum could inhibit pyroptosis induced by chemotherapy drugs, thereby inducing chemoresistance. Furthermore, mechanistic investigation demonstrated that F...
2024: Gut Microbes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533503/unraveling-the-causal-role-of-immune-cells-in-gastrointestinal-tract-cancers-insights-from-a-mendelian-randomization-study
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yu-Xiang Wang, Chao-Ping Zhou, Da-Tian Wang, Jun Ma, Xue-Hu Sun, Yao Wang, Ya-Ming Zhang
BACKGROUND: Despite early attempts, the relationship between immune characteristics and gastrointestinal tract cancers remains incompletely elucidated. Hence, rigorous and further investigations in this domain hold significant clinical relevance for the development of novel potential immunotherapeutic targets. METHODS: We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using the tools available in the "TwoSampleMR" R package. The GWAS data for these 731 immune traits were sourced from the GWAS Catalog database...
2024: Frontiers in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533411/bickerstaff-encephalitis-in-childhood-a-review-of-74-cases-in-the-literature-from-1951-to-today
#18
REVIEW
Luca Gregorio Giaccari, Donatella Mastria, Rosella Barbieri, Rossella De Maglio, Francesca Madaro, Gianfranco Paiano, Maria Caterina Pace, Pasquale Sansone, Giuseppe Pulito, Luciana Mascia
Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by the subacute onset of bilateral external ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and decreased level of consciousness. BBE is part of a group of rare autoimmune diseases in children that can affect the nervous system at any level. The onset of neurological deficits is often sudden and nonspecific. The diagnosis is based on clinical findings and abnormal findings on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)...
2024: Frontiers in Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533168/recurrent-gastrointestinal-stromal-tumor-with-chondroid-differentiation-after-imatinib-therapy-an-unusual-case-and-literature-review
#19
Patricia Le, Fnu Monika, Ahmed Sabri, Joyce Kovar, Nicholas Dietz
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor in the gastrointestinal tract and is most commonly seen in the stomach. The standard treatment for patients with advanced GISTs include both surgical resection and imatinib therapy. There have been cases that document the alterations of patients' GIST histomorphology both with primary GIST prior to imatinib therapy and with recurrent GIST after imatinib therapy. However, there has been no documented case of a patient who has recurrent GIST with chondroid differentiation at the primary site after imatinib therapy...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533077/progress-in-the-study-of-intestinal-microbiota-involved-in-morphine-tolerance
#20
REVIEW
Ke Bi, Yi Lei, Deshenyue Kong, Yuansen Li, Xuan Fan, Xiao Luo, Jiqun Yang, Guangqing Wang, Xuejun Li, Yu Xu, Huayou Luo
Morphine is a widely used opioid for treatment of pain. The attendant problems including morphine tolerance and morphine dependence pose a major public health challenge. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the gastrointestinal microbiota in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. The connectivity network between the gut microbiota and the brain is involved in multiple biological systems, and bidirectional communication between them is critical in gastrointestinal tract homeostasis, the central nervous system, and the microbial system...
March 30, 2024: Heliyon
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