Upper Urinary Tract Cancer

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer is a common malignant tumor of the urinary system. The progression of the condition is associated with a poor prognosis, so it is necessary to identify new biomarkers to improve the diagnostic rate of bladder cancer. METHODS: In this study, 338 urine samples (144 bladder cancer, 123 healthy control, 32 cystitis, and 39 upper urinary tract cancer samples) were collected, among which 238 samples (discovery group) were analyzed by LC-MS. The urinary proteome characteristics of each group were compared with those of bladder cancer, and the differential proteins were defined by bioinformatics analysis...

We performed a urine cytology analysis of a pharmacologically induced diuresis for the diagnosis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. To evaluate the diagnostic value of cytology of pharmacologically forced diuresis, an initial cohort of 77 consecutive patients with primary upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated via radical surgery was enrolled. To evaluate pharmacologically forced diuresis cytology as a follow-up procedure, a second cohort of 1250 patients who underwent a radical cystectomy for bladder cancer was selected...

Metastatic urothelial carcinoma is a rare cause of pleural effusions. We report a case of urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract in an oldest-old male patient, a smoker, with situs inversus totalis, that presented uniquely with malignant pleural effusion at presentation without evidence of a primary tumor on imaging. Cytological smears of the massive left pleural effusion revealed epithelioid neoplastic cells arranged in short cords, small-to-large clusters, and raspberry-like morules, mimicking mesothelioma; cell block preparations highlighted the presence of tubules and nest-like structures...

Subtype of urothelial carcinoma (SUC), defined here as urothelial carcinoma with any histologic subtype or divergent differentiation, is a clinically aggressive disease. However, the efficacy of enfortumab vedotin (EV) against SUC remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to assess the oncological outcomes of patients with SUC treated with EV for metastatic disease. We retrospectively evaluated consecutive patients with advanced lower and upper urinary tract cancer who received EV after platinum-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade therapy at six institutions...

BACKGROUND: Limited information is available for guiding the management of upper urinary tract (UUT) urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation (UC-SqD). We did not even know about the difference between pure urothelial carcinoma (UC) and UC-SqD in the UUT regardless of treatment policy and prognosis. Instead of direct comparisons against each other, we included the third UUT malignancy, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This three-way-race model allows us to more clearly demonstrate the impact of squamous cell transformation on patient outcomes in UUT malignancy...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The possible negative impact of radical surgery on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) plays an important role in preoperative counseling. Here, we analyzed the HRQoL of patients treated for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) in the context of a single-arm phase 2 multicenter study, in which the safety and efficacy of a single preoperative intravesical instillation with mitomycin C were investigated. Our objective was to investigate early changes in HRQoL in patients undergoing radical surgery for UTUC and identify factors associated with these outcomes...

OBJECTIVES: To perform a descriptive analysis of a series of patients with recurrent macroscopic haematuria after a primary standard evaluation including computed tomography urography (CTU) and cystoscopy negative for urinary bladder cancer (UBC) and upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) and to identify potential factors associated with occurrence of recurrent macroscopic haematuria. METHODS: All patients older than 50 years who underwent urological investigation for macroscopic haematuria with both cystoscopy and CTU 2015-2017 were retrospectively reviewed...

INTRODUCTION: Upper urinary tract urothelial cancer is a rare, aggressive variant of urinary tract cancer. There is often delay to diagnosis and management for this entity in view of diagnostic and staging challenges needing additional investigations and risk stratifications for improved outcomes. In this article, we share our experience in developing a dedicated diagnostic and treatment pathway for UTUC and assess its impact on time lines to radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). We also evaluate the impact of diagnostic ureteroscopy (DUR) on UTUC care pathways timelines...

INTRODUCTION: Compared with urothelial lesions of the upper urinary tract, the diagnostic performance of urine cytology in detection of renal cell carcinomas is underreported. This study aims to establish the role of urine cytology in the assessment of renal carcinomas by a multi-institute review of urine cytology from nephrectomy confirmed renal cell carcinomas, referenced against renal urothelial and squamous cell carcinomas. METHODS: Records of nephrectomy performed from the 1990s to 2020s at three hospitals were retrieved and matched to urine cytology specimens collected within 1 year prior...

A 65-year-old man presented with a history of rectal cancer 20 years prior that led to the development of a cutaneous ureterostomy and a colostomy. Subsequently, the patient was diagnosed with acute complicated pyelonephritis due to a right ureteral stone. After the placement of a single J ureteral stent in the right ureter for therapeutic management, the patient was referred to our institution for treatment of the right ureteral stone. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed an 11×8 mm stone in the upper right ureter...

Crossed fused renal ectopia (CFRE) constitutes a rare congenital anomaly of the urinary tract, typically characterized by its predominantly asymptomatic nature and frequent incidental discovery. This case report delineates the clinical profile of a 56-year-old male admitted to our Prostate Cancer Outpatient Clinic due to elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, ultimately leading to the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The patient was asymptomatic, with no family or surgical background. Notably, a fused ectopic kidney was incidentally identified during the staging process involving abdominal computed tomography (ACT) scanning...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The timing of perioperative nephrotoxic chemotherapy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) remains controversial and strongly depends on predicted platinum eligibility after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). The study objective was to develop and validate a multivariable nomogram to predict estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) following RNU. METHODS: This was a multi-institutional retrospective study of patients with UTUC treated with RNU from 2000 to 2020 at seven high-volume referral centers...

IMPORTANCE: The risks and benefits of thromboprophylaxis therapy after cancer surgery are debated. Studies that determine thrombosis risk after cancer surgery with high accuracy are needed. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate 1-year risk of venous thromboembolic events after major cancer surgery and how these events vary over time. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This register-based retrospective observational matched cohort study included data on the full population of Sweden between 1998 and 2016...

BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of metastases from rare genitourinary cancer and metastases to genitourinary organs from other primary neoplasms remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiology of rare genitourinary metastases from rare genitourinary organ-type cancer and to genitourinary organs using data from a large national autopsy registry in Japan. DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A secondary analysis of the data reported in the Annual of the Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan and the Japanese Mortality Database from 1993 to 2020 was performed...

CONTEXT: The occurrence of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is uncommon and is usually identified at an advanced and multifocal stage. Currently, there is growing interest in utilizing endoscopic laser ablation (ELA). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the survival rates and perioperative complications of ELA. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We performed a literature search through PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The analysis included observational studies that examined the oncological outcomes of patients with UTUC treated with ELA...

BACKGROUND: The Paris System for Reporting Urine Cytology (TPS) recommends diagnostic criteria for urinary tract cytology, focusing primarily on the detection of high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) in the lower urinary tract. The second edition of TPS (TPS 2.0), published in 2022, extends these recommendations to the upper urinary tract (UUT); however, there is a lack of comprehensive data on this subject. METHODS: In total, 223 consecutive UUT cytology specimens from 137 patients were retrieved and reclassified according to TPS 2...

PURPOSE: We aimed to assess the effectiveness of early single intravesical administration of epirubicin in preventing intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma who underwent radical nephroureterectomy between November 2018 and May 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Intravesical epirubicin was administered within 48 hours if no evidence of leakage was observed...

INTRODUCTION: The main problem after Radical Nephroureterectomy (RNU) for localized non-metastatic upper urinary tract urothelial cancer (NM-UUT-UC) is bladder recurrence. AIM: To identify factors of bladder recurrence of localized NM-UUT-UC after radical treatment. METHODS: It is an analytical and observational study that was conducted in the department of urology of La Rabta Hospital in Tunis. We collected the data of patients diagnosed with localized NM-UUT-UC who had RNU between 2005 and 2019...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Growing evidence supports the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). However, the implications of residual UTUC at radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) after NAC are not well characterized. Our objective was to compare oncologic outcomes for pathologic risk-matched patients who underwent RNU for UTUC who either received NAC or were chemotherapy-naïve. METHODS: We retrospectively identified 1993 patients (including 112 NAC recipients) who underwent RNU for nonmetastatic, high-grade UTUC between 1985 and 2022 in a large, international, multicenter cohort...

Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common cancer in the world. The therapeutic spectrum of BC is broad and is constantly expanding. Despite the wide clinical use of photodynamic diagnosis (PTD) for BC, PDT has not been sufficiently investigated in the treatment landscape of BC. We performed an online search of the PubMed database using these keywords: photodynamic therapy , bladder cancer , urothelial carcinoma , in vivo, in vitro, cell line , animal model. Reviews, case reports, and articles devoted to photodynamic diagnostics and the photodynamic therapy of tumors other than urothelial carcinoma were excluded...