cord compression

INTRODUCTION: Current treatment of spinal metastases (SM) aims on preserving spinal stability, neurological status, and functional status as well as achieving local control. It consists of spinal surgery followed by radiotherapy and/or systemic treatment. Adjuvant therapy usually starts with a delay of a few weeks to prevent wound healing issues. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) has previously been successfully applied during brain tumor, breast and colorectal carcinoma surgery but not in SM, including unstable one, to date...

PURPOSE: To observe the growth and resolution of decompression gas bubbles in the spinal cord of live rats in real time using MRI. METHODS: We constructed an MRI-compatible pressure chamber system to visualize gas bubble dynamics in deep tissues in real time. The system pressurizes and depressurizes rodents inside an MRI scanner and monitors their respiratory rate, heart rate, and body temperature while providing gaseous anesthesia under pressure during the experiments...

STUDY DESIGN: Basic research. PURPOSE: This finite element (FE) analysis (FEA) aimed to compare the biomechanical parameters in multilevel posterior cervical fixation with the C7 vertebra instrumented by two techniques: lateral mass screw (LMS) vs. transpedicular screw (TPS). OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Very few studies have compared the biomechanics of different multilevel posterior cervical fixation constructs. METHODS: Four FE models of multilevel posterior cervical fixation were created and tested by FEA in various permutations and combinations...

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study at a single academic institution. PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify imaging risk factors for stenosis in extended neck positions undetectable in preoperative neutral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and improving decompression strategies for cervical spine disorders. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Cervical disorders are influenced by various dynamic factors, with spinal stenosis appearing during neck extension...

Arachnoid cysts are the most common incidentally discovered intracranial lesions on imaging and the most common cystic intracranial lesions. They may be developmental or secondary. A relative lack of recent literature and any comprehensive radiological review on arachnoid cysts has led to a general lack of awareness among radiologists of symptomatic or complicated arachnoid cysts. This is particularly concerning in pediatric patients. While arachnoid cysts are asymptomatic in most cases, they can cause clinical symptoms in a minority of cases, especially when they occur in unusual sites...

PURPOSE: To investigate the effectiveness and safety of separation surgery for Epidural Spinal Cord Compression (ESCC) graded ≥ 2 in patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM), analyze factors influencing surgical outcomes, and develop a preliminary treatment decision framework for these patients. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 35 MM patients who underwent separation surgery for ESCC graded ≥ 2 between 2013 and 2018...

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a pediatric malignancy with a variable prognosis depending on tumor stage and genotype. There has been a significant improvement in survival rates over the past decades. However, aggressive variants can metastasize to locations that are difficult to treat. We report a case of prostatic alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma with metastases to the bone marrow and thoracic spine in a child. The patient was treated with a multimodal approach that included surgical resection of the epidural mass; the administration of vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide; and radiotherapy...

OBJECTIVES: There is still controversy over the choice of treatment for end-stage spinal metastases. With the continuous development of microwave technology in spinal tumors, related studies have reported that microwave combined with techniques such as pedicle screw fixation and percutaneous vertebroplasty can achieve the purpose of tumor ablation, relieving spinal cord compression, enhancing spinal stability, effectively relieving pain, and reducing recurrence rates. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of microwave ablation combined with decompression and pedicle screw fixation in the palliative management of spinal metastases with pathological fractures...

The pathogenesis of neuropathic pain (NP) is complex, and there are various pathological processes. Previous studies have suggested that lncRNA PCAT19 is abnormally expressed in NP conduction and affects the occurrence and development of pain. The aim of this study is to analyze the role and mechanism of PCAT19 in NP induced by chronic compressive nerve injury (CCI) in mice. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were applied to establish the CCI model. sh-PCAT19 was intrathecally injected once a day for 5 consecutive days from the second day after surgery...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: To report the sequential treatment of a Type II odontoid fracture combined with a severe lower cervical (C6-7) fracture-dislocation featuring bilateral facet joint interlocking. CASE PRESENTATION: A 58-year-old male who had suffered an injury in a car accident, He presented neck pain and extremity paralysis. His neurological function was classified as per the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale as Grade A, indicating complete deficits below the C6 spinal cord level...

In the evolving landscape of ependymoma classification, which integrates histological, molecular, and anatomical context, we detail a rare case divergent from the usual histopathological spectrum. We present the case of a 37-year-old man with symptomatic spinal cord compression at the L3-L4 level. Neuroradiological evaluation revealed an intradural, encapsulated mass. Histologically, the tumor displayed atypical features: bizarre pleomorphic giant cells, intranuclear inclusions, mitotic activity, and a profusion of eosinophilic cytoplasm with hyalinized vessels, deviating from the characteristic perivascular pseudorosettes or myxopapillary patterns...

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective, single-center study. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a newly developed extensive dome-like laminoplasty using en bloc resection of the C2 inner lamina in patients with severe cord compression behind the C2 body. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: A surgery for severe cord compression behind C2 body is challenging for spinal surgeons. To date, there has been no established solution for severe cord compression behind the C2 body...

STUDY DESIGN: Observational study. OBJECTIVE: To assess the reproducibility and reliability of the system. BACKGROUND: The Huashan radiologic classification system for cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation (CSCIWFD) was recently proposed and found useful for clinical practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed with CSCIWFD between 2015 and 2021 were recruited. Six spine surgeons from different institutions, three experienced and other inexperienced respectively, were trained as observers of the system, and these surgeons classified the recruited patients using the system...

Nontraumatic pathologic conditions of the craniovertebral junction encompass a range of conditions affecting the complex anatomy of this region without direct physical injury. These conditions include congenital syndromes that predispose individuals to ligamentous laxity, potentially leading to instability. Additionally, rare but noteworthy cases such as Grisel syndrome, a cause of pediatric torticollis, may arise without a traumatic trigger. Inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and crystal deposition, can lead to cervical instability and spinal cord compression...

Thalassemia is known to induce extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH), which is a compensatory mechanism in which the body forms blood cells outside the bone marrow. While EMH typically affects organs such as the spleen and liver, there are rare instances where it leads to spinal cord compression (SCC) in the epidural space. A 31-year-old male patient with transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia presented with numbness and bilateral limb weakness due to EMH. Neurological examination revealed increased tone in both legs, reduced power, loss of crude touch and pain sensation, and increased deep tendon reflexes...

OBJECTIVE: To review current status of surgical treatment for angular kyphosis in spinal tuberculosis and provide reference for clinical treatment. METHODS: The literature on the surgical treatment for angular kyphosis of spinal tuberculosis in recent years was extensively reviewed and summarized from the aspects of surgical indications, surgical contraindications, surgical approach, selection of osteotomy, and perioperative management. RESULTS: Angular kyphosis of spine is a common complication in patients with spinal tuberculosis...

BACKGROUND: Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare condition that may result in catastrophic outcomes. On the other hand, calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) deposition disease (CPPD) causes inflammatory arthritis. Spinal involvement of a crystal-induced inflammation caused by CPPD is also common. Surgery is a common risk factor for both SEA and CPPD; however, the postoperative acute onset of SEA complicated with CPPD is extremely rare. CASE DESCRIPTION: A man in his 70s presented to our hospital, complaining of right upper limb weakness, loss of dexterity, and gait disturbance...

BACKGROUND: Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a consequence of a variety of etiologies. CES is most commonly due to compression of the thecal sac and nerve roots by a massive disc herniation. However, it rarely presents secondary to aortic occlusion. Aortoiliac occlusive disorder is usually associated with chronic claudication, erectile dysfunction, and diminished lower limb pulses. Acute aortic occlusion, however, is associated with serious complications such as spinal cord infarction and ischemia...

BACKGROUND: Sarcoidosis, a multisystem inflammatory non-caseating granulomatous disease, can present with neurologic lesions in up to 10% of patients. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 57-year-old male presented with three months of worsening upper extremity radicular pain associated with dysmetria, hyperreflexia, bilateral Hoffman's, and positive Babinski signs. The contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a diffuse T2 signal hyperintensity and T1-enhancing 2.5 cm lesion extending sagittally between C4 and C6...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate neutering status and age of neutering in female Dachshunds with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion. We hypothesised that neutered Dachshunds presented with intervertebral disc extrusion at an earlier age, with a higher grade of neurological deficits and with more extensive extrusion of disc material compared with intact females. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective multi-centre study of client-owned female Dachshunds with surgically confirmed thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion...