Compassionate use

INTRODUCTION: In adults, sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors have revolutionised the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to review information on compassionate use, clinical pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of dapagliflozin and empagliflozin in children. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of published clinical trials, case reports, and observational studies in Medline, Excerpta Medica, and Web of Science databases from inception to September 2023...

OBJECTIVES: This research study aimed to discover how dementia affecting older people was perceived, experienced, and managed by stakeholders in the Pacific Island country of Fiji. METHOD: A transformational grounded theory approach was used. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups with key stakeholders in the major towns of Suva, Lautoka, and Nadi were carried out. Transcripts were analysed in line with transformational grounded theory methods. RESULTS: A total of 50 participants (40 service providers, eight family caregivers, one person with dementia, and one village elder) shared their views and experiences about dementia...

Intersex individuals, encompassing people with diverse sex characteristics that do not fit binary frameworks of sex, have long faced a history of medical secrecy, discrimination, and societal stigma, contributing to their limited social visibility. In recent years, increased awareness of intersex issues and a robust advocacy movement have drawn significant attention to the experiences of intersex individuals and their families. This study contributes to the existing literature by examining the experiences and needs of parents of intersex individuals within genetic healthcare systems, bridging a critical gap, and advocating for more comprehensive and supportive healthcare practices...

BACKGROUND: Caring in Africa is often viewed from sociopolitical and humanity perspectives. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the meanings and expressions of caring from the narratives of persons living with cancer and their nurses. METHODS: This study adopted a qualitative ethnonursing methodology. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the key participants, who were grouped into 7 nurses and 6 patients. General participants included 4 physicians, 3 ward assistants, and 6 patients' relatives...

Anxiety is one of the common psychological problems among infertile women, which affects their quality of life. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of self-compassion intervention based on a religious and non-religious perspective regarding the anxiety and quality of life of infertile women. A randomized clinical trial design with experimental and control groups was used. A total of 78 infertile women who lived in Yazd province, Iran, were referred to Yazd reproductive sciences institute, were selected by available sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and one control groups...

BACKGROUND: An ageing prison population with complex health needs combined with punitive sentencing practices means palliative care for incarcerated individuals is increasingly important. However, there is limited evidence regarding the models of care delivery in high-income countries, and their associated challenges and benefits. AIM: To develop a typology of models of palliative care provision for incarcerated individuals, synthesise evidence of their outcomes and describe facilitators of and challenges in delivering different models of palliative and end-of-life care in prisons...

BACKGROUND: Hereditary transthyretin (ATTRv, v for variant) amyloidosis with polyneuropathy is a rare disease caused by mutations in the transthyretin gene. In ATTRv amyloidosis, multisystem extracellular deposits of amyloid cause tissue and organ dysfunction. Patisiran is a small interfering RNA molecule drug that reduces circulating levels of mutant and wild-type TTR proteins. Prior to its regulatory approval, patisiran was available in Italy through a compassionate use programme (CUP)...

Medical education and communication training has been undergoing substantial changes recently in our globalized environment. Multidisciplinary simulation-based methods worldwide focus on improving effective clinical skills including history taking, physical examination, diagnostic skills, critical thinking, therapeutic skills, and others via interactions between medical students, trainees, and patients. Recently, Hungary has joined such global trends. The first simulated patient program in Hungary was developed at the University of Pécs Medical School in 2019 to aid effective patient-interviewing skills in language and communication classes...

BACKGROUND: Federal legislation mandates healthcare providers to notify child protective service (CPS) agencies and offer a voluntary care plan called a "plan of safe care" (POSC) for all infants born affected by prenatal substance use. While POSCs aim to provide supportive services for families impacted by substance use, little is known about birth parents' perceptions and experiences. OBJECTIVE: To examine birth parents' perceptions and experiences regarding POSC...

The first British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and Healthcare Infection Society (HIS)-endorsed faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) guidelines were published in 2018. Over the past 5 years, there has been considerable growth in the evidence base (including publication of outcomes from large national FMT registries), necessitating an updated critical review of the literature and a second edition of the BSG/HIS FMT guidelines. These have been produced in accordance with National Institute for Health and Care Excellence-accredited methodology, thus have particular relevance for UK-based clinicians, but are intended to be of pertinence internationally...

The first British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and Healthcare Infection Society (HIS)-endorsed faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) guidelines were published in 2018. Over the past 5 years, there has been considerable growth in the evidence base (including publication of outcomes from large national FMT registries), necessitating an updated critical review of the literature and a second edition of the BSG/HIS FMT guidelines. These have been produced in accordance with National Institute for Health and Care Excellence-accredited methodology, thus have particular relevance for UK-based clinicians, but are intended to be of pertinence internationally...

This study aimed to investigate the role of families in instilling social values that enhance children's awareness of the culture of giving. A descriptive research design was used, and a sample survey method was employed, with 174 children participating. Results showed that the family's role in instilling social values was rated as moderate (weighted relative weight of 61.97%), with a total weight of 9705. The study also found that children face difficulties in adhering to the encouraging social values of volunteering...

OBJECTIVES: Thymidine kinase 2 deficiency (TK2d) is a rare autosomal recessive mitochondrial disorder. It manifests as a continuous clinical spectrum, from fatal infantile mitochondrial DNA depletion syndromes to adult-onset mitochondrial myopathies characterized by ophthalmoplegia-plus phenotypes with early respiratory involvement. Treatment with pyrimidine nucleosides has recently shown striking effects on survival and motor outcomes in the more severe infantile-onset clinical forms...

BACKGROUND: For some common thyroid-related conditions with high prevalence and long follow-up times, ChatGPT can be used to respond to common thyroid-related questions. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the ability of ChatGPT (version GPT-4.0) to provide accurate, comprehensive, compassionate, and satisfactory responses to common thyroid-related questions. STUDY DESIGN: First, we obtained 28 thyroid-related questions from the Huayitong app, which together with the two interfering questions eventually formed 30 questions...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze deeply the concept of the transpersonal caring relationship as the core of the theory of Caring Science proposed by Jean Watson. To present a historical evolution and to introduce the Transpersonal Caritas Relationship construct. METHODS: Methodological Study to support the central concept measured by the Watson Caritas patient instrument. We designed a focus group with four nursing scholars to develop the "Transpersonal Caritas Relationship" construct...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The ability of health care professionals to communicate with patients compassionately and effectively is crucial for shared decision-making, but little research has investigated patient-clinician communication. As part of PIONEER-an international Big Data Consortium led by the European Association of Urology to answer key questions for men with prostate cancer (PCa), funded through the IMI2 Joint Undertaking under grant agreement 777492- we investigated communication between men diagnosed with PCa and the health care professional(s) treating them across Europe...

BACKGROUND: Bullying is a pervasive issue that can occur in any setting, including among nursing students and within the nursing profession. Faculty members have a vital role in resolving bullying. OBJECTIVES: To examine the nursing faculty members' responses to incidents of bullying within two nursing institutions in Pangasinan. DESIGN: Descriptive- comparative design. SETTINGS: Two Colleges of Nursing in a city in Pangasinan, Philippines...

AIM: Assessing the socio-demographic factors on termination of pregnancy in Ghana. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study, using data source from the Demographic Health Survey (DHS). METHODS: Data pooled from the most recent DHS conducted in Ghana, with variables of interest with rural and urban population coverage. A systematic search of the literature was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar and Elsevier PubMed for the secondary data. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis was performed using Python Pandas' software to estimate the independent effects of the socio-demographic factors on termination of pregnancy in Ghana...

OBJECTIVES: This research aimed to identify the characteristics of strong midwifery leaders and explore how strong midwifery leadership may be enabled from the perspective of midwives and nurse-midwives globally. DESIGN: In this appreciative inquiry, we collected qualitative and demographic data using a cross-sectional online survey between February and July 2022. SETTING: Responses were received from many countries (n = 76), predominantly the United Kingdom (UK), Australia, the United States of America (USA), Canada, Uganda, Saudi Arabia, Tanzania, Rwanda, India, and Kenya...

This study discusses the significant topic of mental health challenges in Nigeria, focusing on the shortage of mental health professionals, particularly psychiatrists, and the factors influencing medical students' hesitation to pursue psychiatry as a career path. We examine the multifaceted difficulties in Nigeria's mental health environment using various sources, including research studies and statistical data. The scarcity of psychiatrists, with only 250 for a population of 200 million, underscores the urgent need for attention to mental health within the country...