lithiasis renal

Technical advances, including miniaturization, have improved the deflection and optical performance of the ureteroscopes, and the availability of dedicated disposable devices have led to their increasing use for kidney and ureteral stone management. Ureterorenoscopy brings diagnostic evidence through the endoscopic description of stones and renal papillary abnormalities. Currently, intracorporeal lithotripsy during ureterorenoscopy is based on laser sources. Routine ureteral stenting is not necessary before ureterorenoscopy, especially because preoperative stenting for>30 days is considered as an independent risk factor of infection...

The acute situation, caused by an obstructive stone, is defined by a renal colic that may be uncomplicated, complicated, or at risk in specific conditions. Its management may be medical or require interventional treatment by extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, endoscopic removal, or ureteroscopy. METHODOLOGY: These recommendations were developed using two methods, the Clinical Practice Recommendations (CPR) and the ADAPTE method, in function of whether the question was considered in the European Association of Urology (EAU) recommendations (https://uroweb...

Endoscopic observation is performed during treatments by flexible ureteroscopy to differentiate in situ between renal papillary abnormalities and stones based on their concordance with Daudon's morphological/composition descriptions adapted to endoscopy. These intraoperative visual analyses are now an integral part of the urinary stone disease diagnostic approach in addition to the morphological/structural and spectrophotometric analysis that remains the reference exam, but that loses information on the stone component representativeness due to the development of in situ laser lithotripsy...

The incidence of urinary lithiasis is rising steadily in industrialized countries, and its prevalence in the general population of France is estimated at 10%. Renal colic accounts for 1-2% of emergency department consultations. At a time when the new LASER stone fragmentation techniques available to urologists will lead to ever finer in situ pulverization of stones, the exact identification of the compounds that form the stone is essential for etiological diagnosis. Constitutional analysis by infrared spectrophotometry or X-ray diffraction is therefore recommended, to be complemented by morphological typing of the calculi...

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the hypothesis that ureteral obstruction may activate kidney latent tuberculous though qualitative study of Urogenital Tuberculosis patients. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted using semistructured interviews in eight patients with Urogenital Tuberculosis. The progression of the disease from the initial symptoms was characterized through the analysis of the clinical and radiological data. The presence of ureteral obstruction prior to the onset of renal tuberculosis was observed in three patients...

BACKGROUND: Henry IV King of Castile, last king of the Trastámara dynasty, was the brother of Isabella the Catholic. He is known as "the impotent". Based on previous descriptions by historians and biographers, Gregorio Marañón in 1922 described him as "eunuchoid dysplastic with acromegalic reaction and clear schizoid features". METHODS: In 1946, a post-mortem inspection was carried out on the mummified corpse found in the Monastery of Guadalupe. A written document and some photographs were recorded...

Primary distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is a rare tubulopathy characterised by the presence of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. It is caused by the existence of a defect in the function of the H+ -ATPase located on the luminal side of the α-intercalated cells or the Cl - HCO3- (AE1) anion exchanger located on the basolateral side. Patients do not acidify the urine after acid overload (NH4Cl) or after stimulating H+ secretion by obtaining a high intratubular concentration of an anion such as chlorine (pH is measured) or HCO3- (urinary pCO2 is measured)...

Dent's disease is a rare cause of hypercalciuria and recurring urolithiasis. Patients with this disease have elevated bone resorption due to the presence of parathormone (PTH) in the urine. We describe the case of a 21-year-old male with hypercalciuria, elevated bone resorption and recurring bilateral urolithiasis that achieves radiological and clinical stability with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) and medical treatment with hydrochlorothiazide, potassium-citrate and phytate.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and complications of extracorporeal lithotripsy (SWL) as a first-line treatment for renal and ureteral stones METHODS: Retrospective and observational study of all the patients treated with lithotripsy in a third level center between January 2014 and January 2021; characteristics of the patients, the stones, complications and results of SWL is recollected. Multivariate logistic regression of the factors associated with stone size reduction was performed...

INTRODUCTION: urinary stone is a multifactorial disease characterized by the presence of concretions in the urinary tract. The diagnosis of urinary lithiasis is based on clinical and imaging findings. The objective of this study was to determine the profile of patients suffering from urolithiasis in the city of Yaounde. METHODS: this was a descriptive observational cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection. Patients with an age > 15 years and patients diagnosed with lithiasis confirmed by medical imaging were included in our study...

INTRODUCTION: Lithiasis in renal graft recipients might be a dangerous condition with a potential risk of organ function impairment. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic literature search was conducted through February 2023. The primary objective was to assess the incidence of lithiasis in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. The secondary objective was to assess the timing of stone formation, localization and composition of stones, possible treatment options, and the incidence of graft loss...

Renal artery pseudoaneurysm may develop after laser flexible ureteroscopy stone lithotripsy (FURSL). Typical symptoms include flank pain, persistent hematuria, delayed refractory anemia, or hemorrhagic shock in case of pseudoaneurysm rupture. This complication of laser FURSL is very rare with only five cases reported in the literature as of April 2023, of which one involved Thulium laser. We report the case of a 65-year-old man with recurrent renal lithiasis who underwent FURSL using Thulium fibered laser (TFL) for 8 mm stone of left kidney upper pole...

Pathological calcifications may consist of calcium oxalate (CaOx), hydroxyapatite (HAP), and brushite (BRU). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of phytate (inositol hexakisphosphate, InsP6), InsP6 hydrolysates, and individual lower InsPs (InsP5, InsP4, InsP3, and InsP2) on the crystallization of CaOx, HAP and BRU in artificial urine. All of the lower InsPs seem to inhibit the crystallization of calcium salts in biological fluids, although our in vitro results showed that InsP6 and InsP5 were stronger inhibitors of CaOx crystallization, and InsP5 and InsP4 were stronger inhibitors of BRU crystallization...

Uric acid lithiasis accounts for about 10% of all types of renal lithiasis. The most common causes of uric acid lithiasis are low urinary pH, followed by high concentration of urinary uric acid, and low diuresis. Treatment of patients consists of alkalinization of urine, reducing the consumption of purine-rich foods, and administration of xanthine oxidase inhibitors, because there are no established therapeutic inhibitors of uric acid crystallization. We recently found that theobromine inhibited uric acid crystallization in vitro, and that the increased urinary level of theobromine following its oral consumption was associated with the prevention of uric acid crystallization...

INTRODUCTION: flexible ureteroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique used for the treatment of renal lithiasis. Postoperative urosepsis is a rare but potentially fatal complication. Traditional models used to predict the risk of this condition have limited accuracy, while models based on artificial intelligence are more promising. The objective of this study is to carry out a systematic review regarding the use of artificial intelligence to detect the risk of sepsis in patients with renal lithiasis undergoing flexible ureteroscopy...

The high recurrence rate of cystine lithiasis observed in cystinuria patients highlights the need for new therapeutic options to address this chronic disease. There is growing evidence of an antioxidant defect in cystinuria, which has led to test antioxidant molecules as new therapeutic approaches. In this study, the antioxidant l-Ergothioneine was evaluated, at two different doses, as a preventive and long-term treatment for cystinuria in the Slc7a9-/- mouse model. l-Ergothioneine treatments decreased the rate of stone formation by more than 60% and delayed its onset in those mice that still developed calculi...

Renal transplantation is a common treatment option for patients with end-stage renal disease. The goal of transplantation is to restore normal renal function and improve their quality of life. However, some patients may experience complications after transplantation, including the development of calculi or tumors in their native kidneys. In such cases, the question arises whether native nephrectomy should be performed during renal transplantation or not. A 62-year-old patient with a history of renal transplant twenty years ago presented a macroscopic hematuria...

Malabsorption is a consequence of gastric bypass (GB). GB increases the risk of kidney stone formation. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of a screening questionnaire for assessing the risk of lithiasis in this population. We performed a monocentric retrospective study to evaluate a screening questionnaire administered to patients who underwent gastric bypass surgery between 2014 and 2015. Patients were asked to answer a questionnaire that included 22 questions divided into four parts: medical history, episodes of renal colic before and after bypass surgery, and eating habits...

IP6 (phytic acid) is a naturally occurring compound in plant seeds and grains. It is a poly-phosphorylated inositol derivative that has been shown to exhibit many biological activities that accrue benefits in health and diseases (cancer, diabetes, renal lithiasis, cardiovascular diseases, etc.). IP6 has been shown to have several cellular and molecular activities associated with its potential role in disease prevention. These activities include anti-oxidant properties, chelation of metal ions, inhibition of inflammation, modulation of cell signaling pathways, and modulation of the activities of enzymes and hormones that are involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism...

INTRODUCTION: urological emergencies are critical situations that require rapid response by a qualified urology health care professional. The purpose of this study was to highlight the profile of urological emergencies in two university hospitals in the city of Douala by assessing emergency management. METHODS: we conducted a retrospective study of the urological emergencies in two reference hospitals in the city of Douala: the Laquintinie Hospital and the General Hospital...