ionizing radiation exposure

BACKGROUND: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is becoming increasingly crucial in the Pediatric Emergency Department for objective patient examination. However, despite its growing interest and wide-ranging applications, POCUS remains relatively unexplored in general pediatric training and education. Many physicians still find it challenging to comprehend and implement. METHODS: A theoretical-practical POCUS course for pediatric residents was conducted at the University of Catania, Italy...

PURPOSE: The primary objective of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the anti-inflammatory activity between Etoricoxib (ETO) and Matcha green tea (MG) in the context of acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by ionizing gamma radiation (IR) in female rats. Furthermore, the potential impact of whole body IR exposure on the intestinal system and serum estradiol levels was investigated. Additionally, it was acknowledged that the ETO and MG treatments might have exerted favorable effects on the intestinal and hormonal responses...

Radiation therapy (RT) is one of the mainstays of modern clinical cancer management. However, not all cancer types are equally sensitive to irradiation, often (but not always) because of differences in the ability of malignant cells to repair oxidative DNA damage as elicited by ionizing rays. Clonogenic assays have been employed for decades to assess the sensitivity of cultured cancer cells to ionizing irradiation, largely because irradiated cancer cells often die in a delayed manner that is difficult to quantify with short-term flow cytometry- or microscopy-assisted techniques...

The advancement of regenerative life support systems (RLSS) is crucial to allow long-distance space travel. Within the Micro-Ecological Life Support System Alternative (MELiSSA), efficient nitrogen recovery from urine and other waste streams is vital to produce liquid fertilizer to feed food and oxygen production in subsequent photoautotrophic processes. This study explores the effects of ionizing radiation on nitrogen cycle bacteria that transform urea to nitrate. In particular, we assess the radiotolerance of Comamonas testosteroni , Nitrosomonas europaea , and Nitrobacter winogradskyi after exposure to acute γ-irradiation...

INTRODUCTION: Lynch syndrome patients have an inherited predisposition to cancer due to a deficiency in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes which could lead to a higher risk of developing cancer if exposed to ionizing radiation. This pilot study aims to reveal the association between MMR deficiency and radiosensitivity at both a CT relevant low dose (20 mGy) and a therapeutic higher dose (2 Gy). METHODS: Human colorectal cancer cell lines with (dMMR) or without MMR deficiency (pMMR) were analyzed before and after exposure to radiation using cellular and cytogenetic analyses i...

Purpose: Continuous exposure to ionizing radiation at a low dose rate poses significant health risks to humans on deep space missions, prompting the need for mechanistic studies to identify countermeasures against its deleterious effects. Mitochondria are a major subcellular locus of radiogenic injury, and may trigger secondary cellular responses through the production of reactive oxygen species (mtROS) with broader biological implications. Methods and Materials: To determine the contribution of mtROS to radiation-induced cellular responses, we investigated the impacts of protracted γ-ray exposures (IR; 1...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Invasive cardiologists are exposed to large amounts of ionizing radiation. This review aims to summarize the main occupational risks in a radiation-exposed cardiology practice. RECENT FINDINGS: We carried out a literature review on the subject. The studies reviewed allowed us to list six main health risk categories possibly associated with radiation exposure among cardiologists: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and biochemical damages; cancers; ocular manifestations; olfaction, vascular, and neuropsychological alterations; musculoskeletal problems; and reproductive risks...

In this work, we report on the effects observed in MAPbI3 polycrystalline films and solar cells under moderate gamma-ray doses of 3-21 kGy. We applied several instrumental techniques such as photoluminescence spectroscopy, time-resolved photoluminescence, Suns- V OC measurement, and impedance spectroscopy to characterize exposed samples. We observed a nonlinear dependency of such characteristics as PL intensity, career lifetime, ideality factor, and recombination resistance on the exposure dose. Small doses of 3-5 kGy annihilate some of the defect centers in the material, which results in improved carrier extraction and prolonged carrier lifetime, while with larger doses of 10 kGy and above, nonradiative recombination becomes predominant...

PURPOSE: To review the childhood risk factors for pediatric cancer (diagnosis before age 20). METHODS: We conducted literature searches using Ovid Medline and Scopus to find primary research studies, review articles, and meta-analyses published from 2014 to 3 March 2021. RESULTS: Strong evidence indicates that an array of genetic and epigenetic phenomena, structural birth defects, and chromosomal anomalies are associated with an increased risk of various childhood cancers...

STUDY QUESTION: What are the costs and effects of tubal patency testing by hysterosalpingo-foam sonography (HyFoSy) compared to hysterosalpingography (HSG) in infertile women during the fertility work-up? SUMMARY ANSWER: During the fertility work-up, clinical management based on the test results of HyFoSy leads to slightly lower, though not statistically significant, live birth rates, at lower costs, compared to management based on HSG results. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Traditionally, tubal patency testing during the fertility work-up is performed by HSG...

BACKGROUND: Success rates in endourological procedures, notably percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and ureteroscopy (URS), have demonstrated suboptimal outcomes, leading to more reinterventions and radiation exposure. Recently, the use of intraoperative computed tomography (ICT) scans has been hypothesized as a promising solution for improving outcomes in endourology procedures. With this considered, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis encompassing all available studies that evaluate the impact of the use of intraoperative CT scans on surgical outcomes compared to conventional fluoroscopic-guided procedures...

BACKGROUND: Cyclotron-based proton therapy systems utilize the highest proton energies to achieve an ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) for FLASH radiotherapy. The deep-penetrating range associated with this high energy can be modulated by inserting a uniform plate of proton-stopping material, known as a range shifter, in the beam path at the nozzle to bring the Bragg peak within the target while ensuring high proton transport efficiency for UHDR. Aluminum has been recently proposed as a range shifter material mainly due to its high compactness and its mechanical properties...

Medical imaging is both valuable and essential in the care of patients. Much of this imaging depends on ionizing radiation with attendant responsibilities for judicious use when performing an examination. This responsibility applies in settings of both individual as well as multiple (recurrent) imaging with associated repeated radiation exposures. In addressing the roles and responsibilities of the medical communities in the paradigm of recurrent imaging, both the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) have issued position statements, each affirmed by other organizations...

PURPOSE: Exposure to radiation is a health concern within and beyond the Earth's atmosphere for aircrew and astronauts in their respective austere environments. The biological effects of radiation exposure from a multiomics standpoint are relatively unexplored and stand to shed light on tailored monitoring and treatment for those in these career fields. To establish a reference variable for genetic damage, biological age seems to be closely associated with the effect of radiation. Following a genetic-based study, this study explores the epigenetic landscape of radiation exposure along with its associative effects on aging processes...

BACKGROUND: The reproductive organ, housing spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), undergoes ongoing division impacted by the irradiation dosage and exposure duration. Within the male reproductive organ, germ stem cells (spermatogonia) and somatic cells (Sertoli and Leydig cells) are present. Lower doses of ionizing (>4-6 Gy) and non-ionizing radiation (radiofrequency and microwave range 900 MHz - 2.45 GHz) may cause sperm-related issues, while higher doses (15 Gy) may affect Leydig cells and testosterone production...

The extensive application of nuclear technology has increased the potential of uncontrolled radiation exposure to the public. Since skin is the largest organ, radiation-induced skin injury remains a serious medical concern. Organisms evolutionally develop distinct strategies to protect against environment insults and the related research may bring novel insights into therapeutics development. Here, 26 increased peptides are identified in skin tissues of frogs (Pelophylax nigromaculatus) exposed to electron beams, among which four promoted the wound healing of irradiated skin in rats...

INTRODUCTION: Bowen's disease is a squamous cell carcinoma in situ, the most common malignancy of the nail unit. Presenting more frequently in the fingernails, common risk factors include ionizing radiation, oral exposure to arsenic or pesticides, dyskeratosis congenita, and quite commonly diverse subtypes of HPV. We report the first case of multiple periungual pigmented Bowen's disease in a pediatric patient. CASE PRESENTATION: A healthy 13-year-old boy presented with a 9-month history of a pigmented erythematous patch on the proximal nail fold of his 3rd right finger without associated symptoms...

Objectives
The number of healthcare workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) is increasing every year. As health effects from exposure to low doses IR have been reported, radiation protection (RP) in the context of occupational activities is a major concern. This study aims to assess the compliance of healthcare workers with RP policies, according to their registered cumulative dose, profession, and perception of radiation self-exposure and associated risk.
Methods
Every medical worker from one of the participating hospitals in France with at least one dosimetric record for each year 2009, 2014, and 2019 in the SISERI registry was included and invited to complete an online questionnaire including information on the worker's occupational exposure, perception of IR-exposure risk and RP general knowledge...

The system of radiological protection has been based on linear no-threshold theory and related dose-response models for health detriment (in part related to cancer induction) by ionizing radiation exposure for almost 70 y. The indicated system unintentionally promotes radiation phobia, which has harmed many in relationship to the Fukushima nuclear accident evacuations and led to some abortions following the Chernobyl nuclear accident. Linear no-threshold model users (mainly epidemiologists) imply that they can reliably assess the cancer excess relative risk (likely none) associated with tens or hundreds of nanogray (nGy) radiation doses to an organ (e...