intertragic

BACKGROUND: Conchal cartilage is generally favored in rhinoplasty with a satisfied aesthetic outcome. However, patients may suffer from postoperative donor auricle deformities. OBJECTIVES: This study introduced a novel conchal cartilage harvesting technique which can minimize the deformity of auricle and harvest the sufficient amounts of grafts. METHODS: This study proposed preservation of the concha cymba and cavum support structures to minimize the deformity of auricle and harvest of cartilage hidden in the craniofacial region to obtain the sufficient amounts...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to characterize the origin and course of the zygomaticus major muscle (Zmj) with its topographic relationships with the nasal ala, tragus, philtrum, and lateral canthus. METHODS: The Zmj was examined in 50 specimens of 25 embalmed adult Korean cadavers. Facial muscles were dissected to expose the origin and course of the Zmj in 48 specimens of 24 cadavers. The 25th cadaver was sectioned to obtain images of the Zmj. RESULTS: The positional relationships of the Zmj origin with the nasal ala and the tragus were classified into three categories...

BACKGROUND: Accessory auricle is a common congenital abnormal auricular appendage with various forms of presentation. The authors proposed a practical classification system based on the involved anatomical subunits (tragus, the anterior notch and the intertragal notch) and described the corresponding surgical procedures. METHODS: The authors reviewed and analyzed 80 patients (96 ears) who underwent accessory auricle excisions form January 2018 to December 2021. Accessory auricles were classified into three categories: simple (no deformed subunits), complex (several deformed subunits) and compound (coexistence of simple and complex type)...

BACKGROUND: The current anatomical description of the zygomatico-orbital artery (ZOA) is mainly based on cadaver head studies and do not accurately reflect the complete anatomical information of the ZOA. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to reveal the anatomical characteristics of the ZOA and to provide an anatomical basis for relevant operations in the temporal area. METHODS: Computed tomography (CT) scans and autopsies were performed on 78 cadaver heads perfused with lead oxide...

This study aimed to determine the precise localization and course of parotid duct based on morphometric data obtained by measurements regarding several superficial landmarks and lines. Totally, 46 parotid ducts of 24 formalin-fixed adult amputated heads (12 female and 12 male) aged between 45 and 92 years, present in the collection of Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Mersin University, were evaluated. First, three reference lines were defined: L1: between intertragic notch and labial commissure, L2: between intertragic notch and nasal wing, and L3: between intertragic notch and lateral palpebral commissure...

BACKGROUND: First branchial cleft anomaly (FBCA) is a rare congenital defect that arises due to incomplete closure of the ventral portion of the first and second branchial arches. There are variable complex clinical manifestations for patients with FBCA, which are prone to misdiagnosis and inadequate treatment. FBCAs usually involve the facial nerve with a consequent increased risk of facial nerve damage. Here, we present an unusual case of FBCA presenting with two preauricular pits in association with an abnormal maxillofacial cyst...

Due to the infrequently reported location, malignancies of the ear are usually misdiagnosed at the time of first presentation. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports in literature regarding diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) presenting as an ear mass, as was seen in our patient. We describe a case of a 38-year-old gentleman who presented with four months of worsening dyspnea on exertion and nonproductive cough. On exam there was a 4 cm x 5 cm erythematous, non-tender, and immobile mass on the right lower ear in the intertragic notch, sparing the lobe...

BACKGROUND: Successful microtia reconstruction involves fabrication of a framework with well-defined ear subunits. Tragal definition and deep conchal bowl are key elements to produce a natural well-defined and contoured ear. We describe a modification in the cartilage framework with the purpose of increasing framework stability, tragal definition and conchal bowl depth. METHODS: The tragus is placed on two cartilaginous bars (L-shaped), which are fixed to the framework base block creating a complete ring...

We report a case of the first branchial cleft anomaly, clinically typical but occult in images and pathology. An 8-year-old female who had an induration below her right mandibular angle was referred to our department with a diagnosis of an infectious epidermal cyst. CT and MRI had shown no evidence of fistula or cyst. At the initial operation, a string structure was observed, but pathologically no epithelial structure was observed. However, the infection at the same site repeated and the symptoms became more severe than before...

When a transducer is placed on aural cartilage, relatively loud sound becomes audible in a conduction form termed cartilage conduction (CC). Previous studies have revealed the acoustical differences between CC and conventional air or bone conduction. This study elucidates the working principle of CC through measurements of threshold shifts by water injection into the ear canal under various fixation place conditions. Seven volunteers with normal hearing participated. A lightweight transducer was fixed for three CC conductions (on the tragus, antitragus, and intertragal incisure), and two non-CC conditions (on the pre-tragus and mastoid)...

BACKGROUND: In the preauricular region, the frontotemporal branch of the facial nerve is vulnerable to injury, which can result in facial palsy and poor cosmesis after surgical interventions. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to describe variations in the branching patterns of the frontotemporal branch of the facial nerve and the relation between this branch and the surrounding anatomic landmarks. Based on our findings, we propose a Danger Zone and Safe Zones for preauricular interventions to avoid frontal branch injury...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the feasibility of preserving the lesser occipital nerve (LON) and the great auricular nerve (GAN) in postauricular incision in ear surgery. METHODS: The distribution of the LON and the GAN was first identified in human cadavers. Then a clinical study was performed in 34 patients who underwent middle ear surgery between September 2016 and January 2017. Patients were divided into the conventional incision group and the modified incision group, according to incision types, and underwent sensory testing and subjective evaluation of auricular numbness after surgery at different times...

To enable selection of a safer suspension site to use in face and neck lifting procedures, the spatial relationship between the tympanoparotid fascia and the great auricular nerve should be clarified. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the position of the tympanoparotid fascia and the pathway of the lobular branch of the great auricular nerve traversing the tympanoparotid fascia. Twenty hemifaces from non-preserved bequeathed Korean cadavers (5 males, 7 females; mean age, 77.0 years) were dissected to determine the great auricular nerve distribution close to the tympanoparotid fascia of clinical significance for face and neck lift procedures...

Trichofolliculoma (TF) is a follicular hamartoma in which hairs protruding out of single orifice. To the best of my knowledge, only two auricular TF has been reported in the English literature. Moreover, clinically TF have been described to mimic malignancy. I present a case of an adult female with mass at the intertragal notch of the left auricle for several years. The clinical diagnosis was thought to be epidermoid cyst, accessory tragus, and other benign skin adnexal tumor. To prevent recurrence, the wide local excision of the mass was performed...

To observe the utility of the intertragic notch during rain showers, an anatomic replica of the human auricle was studied under an artificial shower system with a video recorder. During the shower, water trickled out through the intertragic notch naturally, avoiding the ear canal. This study finds one utility of the intertragic notch may be the prevention of water flowing into the ear canal during rain showers.

The aim of this paper is to provide information on dependency relationships between the morphological characters of the external ear and their importance in physical identification. At present, there is a lack of population data in this field, and little research has been published. Our study sample consisted of 281 Spanish university students of European descent aged between 18 and 31 years old. We analysed a total of 562 ears. For a large number of characters, we found a dependency between anatomically related characters, confirming our hypothesis...

Reconstruction of the auricular conchal cavity is relatively difficult because of its unique structure, shape, and location. We compared different methods of repair of the auricular concha to determine the method that would cause the least injury to the donor site.The method selected was based on the location and size of the defect. If the defect was located in the upper part of the concha, or if the defect was >15 mm in diameter, we used a post-auricular subcutaneous pedicle island flap that was pulled through a post-auricular sulcus tunnel to cover the wound...

OBJECTIVE: There are many scaffold materials of repairing nasal alar cartilage defects. Auricuiar cartilage was used extensively in terms of its abundant tissues, good elasticity, little donor-site malformation, good plasticity etc. The authors dissected auricular cartilage and nasal alar cartilage, measured cartilage's morphous data and found some similar territories with nasal alar cartilage in the structure of auricular cartilage. METHOD: An anatomical study was performed using 10 adult cadavers acquired through Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China...

The trajectory of the parotid duct (PD) makes it vulnerable to injuries during facial trauma and facial rejuvenation procedures. The PD is usually represented as a straight line, although its description in the literature varies. Our objective was to study the trajectory of the PD and to define reliable cutaneous landmarks. We dissected 35 human cadaver half-heads. We defined three points: point I where the PD crossed a line (line 2) between point T (the intertragal incisura) and point C (the corner of the mouth), point S for the top of the PD, and point B where the PD penetrated the buccinator muscle...

INTRODUCTION: The study of posture is not an easy task, mainly because postural assessment is still scientifically inaccurate. Photographs of bipedalism in the frontal and sagittal planes are one of the most widely used methods for this assessment. The aim of this literature review was to determine which anatomical markers authors of scientific papers have taken to minimize the chances of error in measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Medline and Lilacs databases were searched for the period from 2002 to 2012, with the following keywords: "postura"; "posture" and "postural...