auricle

Human activity recognition (HAR) technology enables continuous behavior monitoring, which is particularly valuable in healthcare. This study investigates the viability of using an ear-worn motion sensor for classifying daily activities, including lying, sitting/standing, walking, ascending stairs, descending stairs, and running. Fifty healthy participants (between 20 and 47 years old) engaged in these activities while under monitoring. Various machine learning algorithms, ranging from interpretable shallow models to state-of-the-art deep learning approaches designed for HAR (i...

Measurement of auricle parameters for planning and post-operative evaluation presents substantial challenges due to the complex 3D structure of the human auricle. Traditional measurement methods rely on manual techniques, resulting in limited precision. This study introduces a novel automated surface-based three-dimensional measurement method for quantifying human auricle parameters. The method was applied to virtual auricles reconstructed from Computed Tomography (CT) scans of a cadaver head and subsequent measurement of important clinically relevant aesthetical auricular parameters (length, width, protrusion, position, auriculocephalic angle, and inclination angle)...

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BACKGROUND: The morphology of the arteries of the external ear on the affected side of congenital microtia differs from normal. The present study aimed to use computed tomography angiography (CTA) to describe the anatomic variations of arteries in microtia and provide theoretical guidance for the first stage of autologous auricular reconstruction by the 2-stage method. METHODS: Ten patients with unilateral microtia from May 2021 to August 2021 were included. Computed tomography angiography and 3-dimensional reconstruction were used to analyze the supply and branches of the main arteries of the auricle...

Impatiensbeipanjiangensis Jian Xu & H. F. Hu (Balsaminaceae), a new species of Impatienssubg.Clavicarpa discovered in Guizhou, China, is described and illustrated in this study along with its molecular phylogenetic analysis. I.beipanjiangensis is similar to I.liboensis , I.chishuiensis and I.clavigera in morphology, but I.tubulosa has the closest relationship to it. However, there are various ways in which the new species can be easily distinguished from these four species: Inferior nodes swollen rhizoid, pale green and with hooked outer sepals, longer lateral united petals, subovate auricle, deeper lower sepal and shorter spur that is reflexed towards the lower sepal...

Maxillofacial defects, arising from trauma, oncological disease or congenital abnormalities, detrimentally affect daily life. Prosthetic repair offers the aesthetic and functional reconstruction with the help of materials mimicking natural tissues. 3D polymer printing enables the design of patient-specific prostheses with high structural complexity, as well as rapid and low-cost fabrication on-demand. However, 3D printing for prosthetics is still in the early stage of development and faces various challenges for widespread use...

Elastic cartilage constitutes a major component of the external ear, which functions to guide sound to the middle and inner ears. Defects in auricle development cause congenital microtia, which affects hearing and appearance in patients. Mutations in several genes have been implicated in microtia development, yet, the pathogenesis of this disorder remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that Prrx1 genetically marks auricular chondrocytes in adult mice. Interestingly, BMP-Smad1/5/9 signaling in chondrocytes is increasingly activated from the proximal to distal segments of the ear, which is associated with a decrease in chondrocyte regenerative activity...

Numerical simulations of head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) conventionally assume a rigid boundary condition for the pinna. The human pinna, however, is an elastic deformable body that can vibrate due to incident acoustic waves. This work investigates how sound-induced vibrations of the pinna can affect simulated HRTF magnitudes. The work will motivate the research question by measuring the sound-induced vibrational patterns of an artificial pinna with a high-speed holographic interferometric system. Then, finite element simulations are used to determine HRTFs for a tabletop model of the B&K 5128 head and torso simulator for a number of directions...

BACKGROUND: As a rare auricular deformity, despite numerous surgical procedures for correcting moderate-to-severe question mark ears described in past studies, there remains a need to explore a more cost-effective approach. The optimal utilization of ear cartilage and surrounding skin while achieving superior outcomes continues to pose a significant challenge. METHODS: From 2018 to 2023, twenty-four patients with unilateral question mark ear were enrolled in this study...

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OBJECTIVE: Ear acupuncture, as a system for treating and preventing diseases through stimulation of points on the auricle, has been systematically introduced during the last 60 years. Although the auricular cartography was described somatotopically as an inverted fetus by Paul Nogier, MD, the underlying mechanism of auricular stimulation remains unclear. The aim of this research was to gain an understanding of the structural basis of auricular stimulation, as well as showing the distribution of the nerve fibers, and the blood and lymphatic vessels...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand principles of preoperative planning for microtia repair. 2. Understand key techniques for flap design, skin envelope dissection, framework creation, and donor-site reconstruction. 3. Describe important components of postoperative management. SUMMARY: Total auricular construction remains a challenge for reconstructive surgeons. This article describes current surgical strategies and advancements for microtia construction...

BACKGROUND: Myofibromas are rare mesenchymal tumors with a predilection for the head, neck, and oral cavity. Primarily affecting infants and young children, these tumors typically manifest as superficial painless nodules. Diagnosis is confirmed through histopathological examination of a biopsy, revealing nodules characterized by spindle cell proliferation. To our knowledge, only two cases of pinna myofibroma have been previously reported in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION: Here, we present the case of a three-year-old male who developed a myofibroma of the left auricle following trauma to the area one year earlier...

OBJECTIVE: To study the microanatomic structure of the subtemporal transtentorial approach to the lateral side of the brainstem, and to provide anatomical information that will assist clinicians to perform surgeries on the lateral, circumferential, and petroclival regions of the brainstem. METHODS: Anatomical investigations were conducted on 8 cadaveric head specimens (16 sides) using the infratemporal transtentorial approach. The heads were tilted to one side, with the zygomatic arch at its highest point...

In bivalves and gastropods, ventricle contraction causes a negative pressure in the auricles, and increases venous return from the afferent oblique vein (AOV): the constant-volume (CV) mechanism. The flow in the AOV should be a pulsative flow synchronized with the ventricular contraction. The flow in the heart and adjacent vessels of the Mytilus galloprovincialis were measured by magnetic resonance imaging to confirm this hypothesis. Under a regular heartbeat, pulsative flows in the AOV and branchial vessels (BVs) were almost completely synchronized with the flow in the aorta, while filling in the ventricle was in the opposite phase...

We present the case of a 55-year-old male patient who came to our attention because of a basal cell carcinoma of the right retroauricolar area, near the mastoid-auricle border. The tumor had a size of about 1.5 cm. Repairing retroauricolar surgical defects may be actually very challenging, firstly because an incorrect reconstruction may result in severe deformities which are extremely hard to conceal; so, we decided to employ the "jigsaw puzzle" advancement flap, a versatile flap, firstly successfully used in the reconstruction of a nasal ala defect...

Microtia is a congenital auricle dysplasia with a high incidence and tissue engineering technology provides a promising strategy to reconstruct auricles. We previously described that the engineered cartilage constructed from microtia chondrocytes exhibited inferior levels of biochemical and biomechanical properties, which was proposed to be resulted from the decreased migration ability of microtia chondrocytes. In the current study, we found that Rho GTPase members were deficient in microtia chondrocytes. By overexpressing RhoA, Rac1 and CDC42, respectively, we further demonstrated that RhoA took great responsibility for the decreased migration ability of microtia chondrocytes...

The African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) is a highly social canid that engages in sophisticated, coordinated group hunting tactics to procure large game. It is one of the most effective hunters of the African savannah, due to its highly developed communication methods. It also has large, mobile ears which enhance its auditory capabilities while hunting and assist with thermoregulation. Recent research suggested that certain muscles of facial expression, particularly those involved with expressive eyebrow movement, evolved solely in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) to facilitate communication with their human owners...

Nevus lipomatosus superficialis (NLS) is a hamartoma of adipose tissue, rarely reported in the past 100 years. We treated one case, and we conducted a systematic review of the literature. A 41-year-old man presented with a cutaneous multinodular lesion in the posterior region near the right auricle. The lesion was excised and examined histopathologically. To review the literature, we searched PubMed with the keyword "NLS." The search was limited to articles written in English and whose full text was available...

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