studies on thyroid disorders in infertility

Azoospermia, the lack of spermatozoa in the ejaculate, is the most common finding in infertile but otherwise healthy male dogs and represents an increasing reproductive health issue in men, too. The diagnosis can be further classified as non-obstructive azoospermia and obstructive azoospermia due to an obstruction of the deferent ducts. Although non-obstructive azoospermia comprises more than half of azoospermic cases in men and is a common cause of infertility in the male dog, knowledge of the underlying etiology and pathophysiology is still strongly limited, and much uncertainty exists about the true incidence and possible treatment options...

OBJECTIVE: Thyroid nodules are a common finding in the general population. The primary aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of thyroid nodules and cancer found by ultrasound in women who underwent screening for thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy. DESIGN: A double-centric, retrospective, cohort study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We searched through medical records, including thyroid ultrasonography, of pregnant women positively screened for thyroid disorders (using TSH and thyroid antibodies) from unselected population ("universal screening group", N=690), and of women who underwent the testing based on the presence of clinical risk factors defined by American Thyroid Association ("case-finding group", N=249)...

BACKGROUND: Thyroid dysfunction can affect fertility and miscarriage risk by affecting the process of follicular growth, embryo development, implantation, and placental formation. It has been suggested that thyroid disorders are associated with ovarian reserve by affecting the follicular process. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between thyroid hormone levels and ovarian reserve. METHODS: Three hundred fourteen women with infertility due to various etiologies were enrolled in this study (172 individuals with Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) level ≥ 1...

The second most prevalent endocrine condition affecting women of reproductive age is thyroid disease. The difference between an increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration and a normal free thyroxine hormone level is used to identify subclinical hypothyroidism. Thyroid autoantibodies, independent of thyroid hormone levels, are used to diagnose autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD). Thyroxine can help infertile women with these two types of thyroid illnesses have better birth outcomes during fertility treatment...

Background: Contrary to health indices advancement during recent years, health inequalities are still a global challenge. This study aimed to determine socioeconomic factors for noncommunicable diseases using concentration indices (CI). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the baseline data from a cohort study in Fasa (southern Iran). Principle component analysis was used to measure asset index. Moreover, socioeconomic inequalities were calculated by CI. Analysis was done at 95% confidence level using STATA software...

BACKGROUND: Thyroid autoimmunity(TAI) is the most prevalent autoimmune condition in women of fertile age. There are increasing data regarding the association of thyroid dysfunction and thyroid autoimmunity with adverse pregnancy outcomes but there is no consensus regarding infertility and TPOAb positivity; thus we aimed to evaluate the association between thyroid TPOAb positivity and infertility in females and males in a population-based study (TTS). METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 3197 female and male participants in Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS) at the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS)...

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a highly prevalent but treatable neonatal endocrine disorder. Thyroid dyshormonogenesis is the main cause of congenital hypothyroidism in Chinese CH patients and DUOX2 is the most frequent mutated gene involved in H2O2 production. In human, the primary sources for H2O2 production are DUOX1 and DUOX2, while in zebrafish, there is only a single orthologue for DUOX1 and DUOX2. In this study, duox mutant zebrafish were generated through knockdown duox by morpholino or knockout duox by CRISPR Cas9...

Sexual dysfunctions in men are complex disorders that consist of organic and psychogenic components. The most common sexual dysfunction is erectile dysfunction. It is the inability to achieve or maintain an erection for satisfactory sexual performance. This disorder can be caused by high blood pressure, heart disease, vascular problems, psychological and hormonal factors such as problems with testosterone and prolactin levels. In this study, we tested the relationship between erectile dysfunction, hyperprolactinemia and psychosocial stress...

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is used in the control of seizure and affective disorders, causing hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormones regulate the Sertoli cell proliferation and differentiation. Clinical aspects must be considered since epileptic fertile women need to continuously use CBZ during pregnancy and lactation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of CBZ on testis development of rat offspring from dams treated during pregnancy/lactation. Rat dams received CBZ (20 mg kg-1  day-1 ) or vehicle by intra-peritoneal route during gestation and lactation...

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy is a stress test of maternal thyroid function. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women is high. Subclinical hypothyroidism occurs in 10% of all pregnancies. Effects of hypothyroidism in pregnancy are anemia, low birth weight and mental retardation in neonate. This study is aimed to evaluate maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with deranged thyroid profile. The relevance of this study is to document the association of hypothyroidism and its adverse effects on mother and fetus...

BACKGROUND: The management of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) in pregnancy is still uncertain. Over the years, several scientific societies published guidelines on the management of thyroid dysfunction before, during, and after pregnancy, the most recent ones being published by the American Thyroid Association (ATA) in 2017. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to review the published literature in the field since 2017 onward to investigate whether new findings can change ATA recommendations...

Due to their unique properties, perfluorinated substances (PFAS) are widely used in multiple industrial and commercial applications, but they are toxic for animals, humans included. This review presents some available data on the PFAS environmental distribution in the world, and in particular in Europe and in the Veneto region of Italy, where it has become a serious problem for human health. The consumption of contaminated food and drinking water is considered one of the major source of exposure for humans...

Autoimmune thyroid disease is the most common endocrine disorder during pregnancy. Thyroid autoantibodies (TAs) have been suggested to serve a role in implantation failure and spontaneous abortion. Until now, there are no data on the potential interaction of TAs with human reproductive organs. Here, we set out for the first time to test this hypothesis by studying the expression of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) at gene and protein level in human reproductive organs. Endometrial samples were taken from normal women, and placenta tissues were collected after full-term caesarian section...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze clinical studies on correlations between Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) body constitution types and diseases published in the past 10 years, and to provide an evidence base to support the use of such correlations for health maintenance and disease prevention. METHODS: We searched five databases for the period April 2009 to December 2019: China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, PubMed and Embase...

Spermatogenesis is a complex and elaborate differentiation process and is critical for male fertility. The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis serves as a significant neuroendocrine system to regulate spermatogenesis. As a constitute of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, Sertoli cells promote spermatogenesis via protecting, nourishing, and supporting germ cells upon hormone determination. Here we clarified how the hormones in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, including FSH, testosterone and LH, regulate spermatogenesis via the androgen receptor, cAMP/PKA, PI3k/Akt signaling pathways in Sertoli cells...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify intrauterine growth differences according to infertility treatment compared with spontaneous conception and to describe intrauterine growth trajectories. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: A single primary and tertiary medical centre in Japan. PARTICIPANTS: This study included singleton pregnant women with prenatal check-ups and delivery at the University of Yamanashi Hospital between 1 July 2012 and 30 September 2017...

Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is the most common thyroid disease among women of fertile age. An increase of thyropercosidase antibodies (TPO-Ab) occupies one of the leading positions among other autoantibodies in patients with idiopathic infertility. Stimulation of superovulation in assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs leads to thyroid overstimulation, relative hypothyroxinemia and an increase of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level in women with positive TPO-Ab carrier state, leading to a decrease in the reserve capacity of the thyroid affected by the autoimmune process...

Much of the early work on Nuclear Hormone Receptors (NHRs) focused on their essential roles as mediators of sex steroid hormone signaling in reproductive development and function, and thyroid hormone-dependent formation of the central nervous system. However, as NHRs display tissue-specific distributions and activities, it is not surprising that they are involved and vital in numerous aspects of human development and essential for homeostasis of all organ systems. Much attention has recently been focused on the role of NHRs in energy balance, metabolism, and lipid homeostasis...

In addition to its role in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, a modulatory role of the active form of vitamin D on cells of the immune system, particularly T lymphocytes, has been described. The effects of vitamin D on the production and action of several cytokines has been intensively investigated in recent years. In this connection, deficiency of vitamin D has been associated with several autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), Hashimoto Thyroiditis (HT), and multiple sclerosis (MS)...

RESEARCH QUESTION: There is some controversy regarding the impact of ovarian stimulation on immune cells in women undergoing IVF. The study's aim was to determine whether ovarian stimulation affected immune uterine cells in healthy women undergoing IVF. DESIGN: This prospective cohort study included 28 patients undergoing IVF and 47 healthy oocyte donors. Endometrial biopsies were taken in a natural cycle and after ovarian stimulation. All participants had a normal karyotype, pelvic ultrasound and cervical cytology results and thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration, as well as normal glucose and insulin concentrations and inherited and acquired thrombophilia test results...