Perinatal hepatitis c

OBJECTIVES: Universal opt-out antenatal screening for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is not currently recommened and it is recommended that maternity services offer risk-based testing. We aimed to investigate antenatal HCV testing and adherence to testing guidance. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was circulated to maternity service providers between November-December 2020 which included testing policy, training for healthcare staff, and management of women found to be HCV positive...

BACKGROUND: The current study uniquely focuses on the global incidence and temporal trends of acute hepatitis C (AHC) and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) from 1990-2019. The risk of vertical transmission and adverse perinatal outcomes associated with HCV infection underscores the importance of prioritising these women in HCV prevention efforts. METHODS: Leveraging the Global Burden of Disease 2019 data, we calculated age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR) and assessed temporal trends via the average annual percent change from joinpoint regression...

OBJECTIVE: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection may occur in pregnant women who had chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This study aimed to evaluate whether HEV-HBV co-infection increases the risk of obstetric complications and perinatal adverse outcomes in pregnant women. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We investigated the clinical data of 3,251 pregnant women with chronic HBV infection. The obstetric complications and perinatal adverse outcomes were compared between patients with HEV-HBV co-infection and patients who had pure chronic HBV infection...

New U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines for hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing of perinatally exposed infants and children released in 2023 recommend a nucleic acid test (NAT) for detection of HCV ribonucleic acid ( i.e. , NAT for HCV RNA) at 2-6 months of age to facilitate early identification and linkage to care for children with perinatally acquired HCV infection. Untreated hepatitis C can lead to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and premature death and is caused by HCV, a blood-borne virus transmitted most often among adults through injection drug use in the United States...

IMPORTANCE: Prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among pregnant people is increasing in the US. HCV is transmitted vertically in 7% to 8% of births. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy was recently approved for children with HCV who are 3 years or older. The clinical and economic impacts of early DAA therapy for young children with HCV, compared with treating at older ages, are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To develop a state-transition model to project clinical and economic outcomes for children with perinatally acquired HCV to investigate the cost-effectiveness of treating at various ages...

BACKGROUND: Research exploring the relationship between prenatal infection and child behavioural outcomes would benefit from further studies utilising full-population samples with the scale to investigate specific infections and to employ robust designs. We tested the association among several common infections requiring inpatient admission during and after pregnancy with a range of childhood behavioural outcomes, to determine whether any negative impact was specific to the period of foetal development...

BACKGROUND: Current guidelines recommend HCV screening by 18 months of age for those exposed to HCV in utero; yet, screening occurs in the minority of children. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between maternal neighbourhood-level social determinants of health (SDOH) and paediatric HCV screening in the general population in a publicly funded healthcare system in Canada. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study using administrative healthcare data held at ICES...

BACKGROUND: Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances are classed as endocrine disrupting compounds but continue to be used in many products such as firefighting foams, flame retardants, utensil coatings, and waterproofing of food packaging. Perfluoroalkyl exposure aberrantly modulates lipid, metabolite, and bile acid levels, increasing susceptibility to onset and severity of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. To date, most studies in humans have focused on perfluoroalkyl-exposure effects in adults...

Pregnant women and the general public are both directly impacted by cirrhosis which is a chronic liver disease. It is also widely known that women who have a history of injectable drug use and cirrhosis are more prone to experience unfavorable consequences that have a negative impact on the health of both the mother and the unborn child. Higher maternal Hepatitis-C Virus (HCV) in pregnancy viral load, length of labor, use of amniocentesis or fetal scalp monitoring and protracted membrane rupture are all the risk of perinatal transmission of HCV in newborns...

BACKGROUND: Approximately 241,000 people are living with hepatitis B in New York City. Among those living with hepatitis B, pregnant people are particularly at risk for elevated viral load due to changes in immune response and require prompt linkage to health care. The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene's Viral Hepatitis Program implemented a telephone-based patient navigation intervention for people living with hepatitis B in the postpartum period to connect them with hepatitis B care...

Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome) may lead to multiple hematological and hepatobiliary manifestations including the development of transient abnormal myelopoiesis. While many cases resolve, transient abnormal myelopoiesis may lead to significant morbidity and mortality in a small percentage of patients. This condition may present a diagnostic challenge for physicians and currently there is only limited data on effective treatments, particularly with low blast percent transient abnormal myelopoiesis. We present a case of a neonate with trisomy 21 and multiple congenital anomalies who consequently developed hepatic failure with evidence of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension likely due to transient abnormal myelopoiesis...

We describe hepatitis C testing of 47 (2%) of 2,266 children diagnosed with perinatal hepatitis C who were exposed during 2018-2020 in 7 jurisdictions in the United States. Expected frequency of perinatal transmission is 5.8%, indicating only one third of the cases in this cohort were reported to public health authorities.

Preventing perinatal transmission is important for hepatitis B (HepB) elimination. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the interval between HepB birth-dose (HepB-BD) to second-dose (HepB-SD) vaccination on perinatal transmission. Among 39,313 infants born to HepB s-antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers from a Korean national database 38,411 (97.7%) had completed timely immunophylaxis with HepB-BD 41,572 (99.8%) with hepatitis B immune globulin, and 1027 (2.6%) were HBsAg-positive at ≥ 9 months...

During the perinatal period, dairy cows undergo negative energy balance (NEB), resulting in elevated circulating levels of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). Although increased blood NEFA concentrations are a physiological adaptation of early lactation, excessive NEFA in dairy cows is a major cause of fatty liver. Aberrant lipid metabolism leads to hepatic lipid accumulation and subsequently the development of fatty liver. Both IRE1α and JNK have been validated for their association with hepatic lipid accumulation, including their regulatory functions in calf hepatocyte insulin resistance, oxidative stress and apoptosis...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection continues to be a major national public health problem and is targeted for domestic and global elimination. Driven by the ongoing opioid epidemic, HCV incidence has been rising in the US over the last decade with highest infection rates among young adults including women of childbearing age.1 This is significant because if these young adults with HCV viremia get pregnant, their infants are perinatally exposed to the virus. In 2020 as part of a strategy to increase testing of all adults, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended universal HCV antibody screening with every pregnancy, a critical first step to improve maternal health and enhance identification of infants at risk for HCV...

The elimination of hepatitis C is a national priority (https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/Viral-Hepatitis-National-Strategic-Plan-2021-2025.pdf). During 2010-2021, hepatitis C virus (HCV) acute and chronic infections (hereinafter referred to as HCV infections) increased in the United States, consequences of which include cirrhosis, liver cancer, and death. Rates of acute infections more than tripled among reproductive-aged persons during this time (from 0.8 to 2.5 per 100,000 population among persons aged 20-29 years and from 0...

BACKGROUND: The reported incidence of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is increasing among persons of childbearing age in the United States. Infants born to pregnant persons with HCV infection are at risk for perinatal HCV acquisition. In 2020, the United States Preventive Services Task Force and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended that all pregnant persons be screened during each pregnancy for hepatitis C. However, there are limited data on trends in hepatitis C testing during pregnancy...

Objective: Covid-19 poses a major risk during pregnancy and postpartum, resulting in an increase in maternal mortality worldwide, including in Brazil; however, little research has been conducted into cases of a near miss. This study aimed to describe the frequency of COVID-19-related near miss and deaths during pregnancy or in the postpartum in referral centers in northeastern Brazil, as well as the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory characteristics of the women who experienced a severe maternal outcome...

The impact of diets high in saturated fatty acids in individuals who have undergone maternal protein restriction is not clear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a saturated fatty acid-enriched hyperlipidic diet (HL) affects liver expression of genes of the redox balance and inflammatory pathway in postweaning rat offspring subjected to maternal protein restriction. Pregnant Wistar rats received either a control (C; 19% protein) or low protein (LP; 8% protein) diet during gestation and lactation. At weaning, pups received either C or HL diets up to 90 days of life...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this document is to describe the specific types of viral hepatitis, their implications during pregnancy, the risk of perinatal transmission, and issues related to both treatment and prevention of infection. TARGET POPULATION: Pregnant or postpartum women and individuals who screen positive for viral hepatitis infection. The onset of these conditions may have predated the perinatal period or may have occurred for the first time in pregnancy or the first year postpartum...