Capnography monitoring

INTRODUCTION: Capnography aids assessment of the adequacy of mechanical patient ventilation. Physical and physiological changes in hyperbaric environments create ventilation challenges which make end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2 ) measurement particularly important. However, obtaining accurate capnography in hyperbaric environments is widely considered difficult. This study investigated the EMMA capnograph for hyperbaric use. METHODS: We compared the EMMA capnograph to sidestream capnography and the gold standard arterial carbon dioxide blood gas analysis in a hyperbaric chamber...

The success of deep learning methods has enabled many modern wearable health applications, but has also highlighted the critical caveat of their extremely data hungry nature. While the widely explored wrist and finger photoplethysmography (PPG) sites are less affected, given the large available databases, this issue is prohibitive to exploring the full potential of novel recording locations such as in-ear wearables. To this end, we assess the feasibility of transfer learning from finger PPG to in-ear PPG in the context of deep learning for respiratory monitoring...

Volumetric capnography (VCap) provides information about CO2 exhaled per breath (VCO2 br) and physiologic dead space (VDphys). A novel wireless device with a high response time CO2 mainstream sensor coupled with a digital flowmeter was designed to monitor all VCap parameters online in rabbits (SAMAY S24).Ten New Zealand rabbits were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. VCO2 br corresponds to the area under the VCap curve. We used the modified Langley method to assess the airway VD (VDaw) and the alveolar CO2 pressure...

BACKGROUND: Capnodynamic lung function monitoring generates variables that may be useful for pediatric perioperative ventilation. AIMS: Establish normal values for end-expiratory lung volume CO2 in healthy children undergoing anesthesia and to compare these values to previously published values obtained with alternative end-expiratory lung volume methods. The secondary aim was to investigate the ability of end-expiratory lung volume CO2 to react to positive end-expiratory pressure-induced changes in end-expiratory lung volume...

Background: For decades, intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) has been delivered into the abdominal cavity as a liquid solution. Recently the concept of foam as a carrier-solution for IPC was suggested. This in-vivo swine study aims to evaluate the safety, intraoperative parameters, limitations and postoperative complications of foam-based intraperitoneal chemotherapy (FBIC). Methods: Three 65-day-old swine received FBIC with doxorubicin in a laparoscopy setting. Intraoperative parameters were monitored throughout the procedure and an extensive postoperative laboratory monitoring was conducted for 7 days...

PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation between volume of carbon dioxide elimination (V̇CO2 ) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2 ) with cardiac output (CO) in a swine pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) model. METHODS: Respiratory and hemodynamic variables were collected from twenty-six mechanically ventilated juvenile pigs under general anesthesia before and after inducing ARDS, using oleic acid infusion. RESULTS: Prior to ARDS induction, mean (SD) CO, V̇CO2 , PETCO2 , and dead space to tidal volume ratio (Vd /Vt ) were 4...

Respiratory monitoring is crucial during monitored anaesthesia care (MAC) to ensure patient safety. Patients undergoing procedures like gastrointestinal endoscopy and dental interventions under MAC have a heightened risk of aspiration. Despite the risks, no current system or device can evaluate aspiration risk. This study presents a novel acoustic monitoring system designed to detect fluid retention in the upper airway during MAC. We conducted a prospective observational study with 60 participants undergoing dental treatment under MAC...

Background: There is growing interest in the quality of manual ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), but accurate assessment of ventilation parameters remains a challenge. Waveform capnography is currently the reference for monitoring ventilation rate in intubated patients, but fails to provide information on tidal volumes and inspiration-expiration timing. Moreover, the capnogram is often distorted when chest compressions (CCs) are performed during ventilation compromising its reliability during CPR...

PURPOSE: Lack of access to safe and affordable anesthesia and monitoring equipment may contribute to higher rates of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While capnography is standard in high-income countries, use in LMICs is not well studied. We evaluated the association of capnography use with patient and procedure-related characteristics, as well as the association of capnography use and mortality in a cohort of patients from Kenya and Ethiopia. METHODS: For this retrospective observational study, we used historical cohort data from Kenya and Ethiopia from 2014 to 2020...

AIM: Capnography is recommended for use in procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA); however, limited studies assess its impact on recovery time. We investigated the association between capnography and the recovery time of PSA in the emergency department (ED). METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis of a multicenter PSA patient registry including eight hospitals in Japan. We included all patients who received PSA in the ED between May 2017 and May 2021 and divided the patients into capnography and no-capnography groups...

Capnography is now recognized as an indispensable patient safety monitor. Evidence suggests that its use improves outcomes in operating rooms, intensive care units, and emergency departments, as well as in sedation suites, in postanesthesia recovery units, and on general postsurgical wards. Capnography can accurately and rapidly detect respiratory, circulatory, and metabolic derangements. In addition to being useful for diagnosing and managing esophageal intubation, capnography provides crucial information when used for monitoring airway patency and hypoventilation in patients without instrumented airways...

Capnography is an essential tool used in the monitoring of patients during anesthesia and in critical care which, while required in most high-income countries, is unavailable in many low- and middle-income countries. Launched in 2020, the Smile Train-Lifebox Capnography Project aimed to find a "capnography solution" for resource-poor settings. The project was specifically interested in a capnography device that would meet the needs of the Smile Train partner hospitals to help monitor children requiring airway or cleft surgery...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the agreement between the Tafonius large animal ventilator-integrated volumetric capnography (vCap) software and the Respironics NICO noninvasive cardiac output monitor reference system. ANIMALS: Data were collected from 56 healthy adult horses undergoing general anesthesia. METHODS: Animals were placed under general anesthesia and connected to the Tafonius large animal ventilator circle system. A flow partitioning device with CO2 and flow sensors was utilized to couple the endotracheal tube to the NICO monitor...

BACKGROUND: Supplemental oxygen (SO) potentiates opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) in experiments on healthy volunteers. Our objective was to examine the relationship between SO and OIRD in patients on surgical units. METHODS: This post-hoc analysis utilized a portion of the observational PRediction of Opioid-induced respiratory Depression In patients monitored by capnoGraphY (PRODIGY) trial dataset (202 patients, two trial sites), which involved blinded continuous pulse oximetry and capnography monitoring of postsurgical patients on surgical units...

PURPOSE: Non-contact continuous respiratory rate monitoring is preferred for early detection of patient deterioration. However, this technique is under development; a gold standard respiratory monitor has not been established. Therefore, this prospective observational method comparison study aimed to compare the measurement accuracy of a non-contact continuous respiratory rate monitor, a microwave Doppler sensor positioned beneath the mattress, with that of other monitors. METHODS: The respiratory rate of intensive care unit patients was simultaneously measured using a microwave Doppler sensor, capnography, thoracic impedance pneumography, and a piezoelectric sensor beneath the mattress...

BACKGROUND: The presence of a tracheal septum dividing the trachea into two makes intubation one of the main challenges of penguin anaesthesia. Differences in the length and location of the aforementioned tracheal septum have been described in some penguin species. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, it has not been reported in Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti). Therefore, one of the aims of this publication is to report the septal position in this Humboldt penguin...

Endoscopic procedures are routinely applied to cancer screening programs and surveillance. The preferred technique is usually deep sedation with propofol being a convenient agent allowing for a quicker patient recovery while maintaining a similar safety profile compared to traditional agents. However, adverse events, including respiratory depression and consequent undesirable cardiovascular side effects, may occur. The goal of this work is to evaluate the patient safety impact of adding capnography during endoscopic procedures under deep propofol sedation...

BACKGROUND: Although dyspnea is a primary symptom of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), its treatment is suboptimal. In both COPD and acute anxiety, breathing patterns become dysregulated, contributing to abnormal CO2 , dyspnea, and inefficient recovery from breathing challenges. While pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) improves dyspnea, only 1-2% of patients access it. Individuals with anxiety who use PR have worse outcomes. METHODS: We present the protocol of a randomized controlled trial designed to determine the feasibility and acceptability of a new, four-week mind-body intervention that we developed, called "Capnography-Assisted Learned, Monitored (CALM) Breathing," as an adjunct to PR...

The accurate recording of respiratory rate (RR) without contact is important for patient care. The current methods for RR measurement such as capnography, pneumography, and plethysmography require patient contact, are cumbersome, or not accurate for widespread clinical use. Video Plethysmography (VPPG) is a novel automated technology that measures RR using a facial video without contact. The objective of our study was to determine whether VPPG can feasibly and accurately measure RR without contact in surgical patients at a clinical setting...

BACKGROUND: This study evaluates the implementation of postcardiac-arrest-sedation (PCAS) and -care (PRC) by prehospital emergency physicians in Germany. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analysis of a web-based survey from October to November 2022. Questions were asked about implementation, medications used, complications, motivation for implementing or not implementing PCAS, and measures and target parameters of PRC. RESULTS: A total of 500 emergency physicians participated in the survey...