Iodine-124

INTRODUCTION: Amyloid deposition is a cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy. Patients who present with cardiac disease can be evaluated for transthyretin (TTR)-associated cardiac amyloidosis using nuclear imaging with 99mTc-labeled pyrophosphate (PYP); however, light chain-associated (AL) cardiac amyloid is generally not detected using this tracer. As an alternative, the amyloid-binding peptide p5+14 radiolabeled with iodine-124 has been shown to be an effective pan-amyloid radiotracer for PET/CT imaging...

PURPOSE: Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2), due to its highly selective expression in tumor cells, has made breakthrough progress in clinical research and is expected to be integrated into routine tumor diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: In this research, we obtained an scFv-Fc fusion protein (SF106) targeting CLDN18.2 through hybridoma technology. The scFv-Fc fusion protein was labeled with radioactive isotopes (124 I and 177 Lu) to generate the radio-probes. The targeting and specificity of the radio-probes were tested in cellular models, and its diagnostic and therapeutic potential was further evaluated in tumor-bearing models...

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2), which is expressed on the surface of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), has been found to play a major role in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. TREM2 expression is significantly upregulated in tumor tissues, and therefore, targeting TREM2 for tumor imaging may be of value. Previously, we performed TREM2 targeting imaging by using 68 Ga-NOTA-COG1410 or a 124 I-labeled monoclonal antibody (mAb) and F(ab')2 in mouse models of colon and gastric tumors...

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BACKGROUND: The noninvasive detection of cardiac amyloid, as well as deposits in other vital organs, is critical for early diagnosis and quantitative disease monitoring. Positron emission tomography is an intrinsically quantitative imaging modality suitable for high-resolution amyloid detection. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel amyloid-reactive peptide, designated p5+14, labeled with iodine-124 (124 I), in patients with diverse types of systemic amyloidosis...

Based on studies in experimental animals demonstrating that administration of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an effective route to transfer genes to the nervous system, there are increasing number of clinical trials using the CSF route to treat nervous system disorders. With the knowledge that the CSF turns over 4 to 5 times daily, and evidence in experimental animals that at least some of CSF administered AAV vectors are distributed to systemic organs, we asked: with AAV administration to the CSF, what fraction of the total dose remains in the nervous system and what fraction goes off target and is delivered systemically? To quantify the biodistribution of AAV capsids immediately after administration, we covalently labeled AAV capsids with iodine 124 (I-124), a cyclotron generated positron emitter, enabling quantitative positron tomography (PET) scanning of capsid distribution for up to 96 hours after AAV vector administration...

Real-time monitoring of the biological behavior of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in vivo is limited, which hinders its application in biomedicine and clinical translation. A noninvasive imaging strategy could provide us with useful information on EVs' distribution, accumulation and homing in vivo, and pharmacokinetics. In this study, the long half-life radionuclide iodine-124 (124 I) was used to directly label umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs. The resulting probe, namely, 124 I-MSC-EVs, was manufactured and ready to use within 1 min...

PURPOSE: To introduce a biomarker-based dosimetry method for the rational selection of a treatment activity for patients undergoing radioactive iodine 131 I therapy (RAI) for metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (mDTC) based on single-timepoint imaging of individual lesion uptake by 124 I PET. METHODS: Patients referred for RAI therapy of mDTC were enrolled in institutionally approved protocols. A total of 208 mDTC lesions (in 21 patients) with SUVmax  > 1 underwent quantitative PET scans at 24, 48, 72, and 120 h post-administration of 222 MBq of theranostic NaI-124 I to determine the individual lesion radiation-absorbed dose...

There are at least 20 distinct types of systemic amyloidosis, all of which result in the organ-compromising accumulation of extracellular amyloid deposits. Amyloidosis is challenging to diagnose due to the heterogeneity of the clinical presentation, yet early detection is critical for favorable patient outcomes. The ability to non-invasively and quantitatively detect amyloid throughout the body, even in at-risk populations, before clinical manifestation would be invaluable. To this end, a pan-amyloid-reactive peptide, p5+14, has been developed that is capable of binding all types of amyloid...

Low β-2-[18 F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18 F-FDG) uptake in gastric mucinous adenocarcinoma may cause false-negative diagnosis and erroneous staging. Thus, there is an urgent need for developing tumor-specific imaging agents in gastric cancer diagnostics. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a transmembrane protein expressed on the surface of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and is considerably overexpressed in tumor tissues. This study aimed to develop new human TREM2 (hTREM2)-targeting imaging agents to diagnose and monitor gastric cancer...

UNLABELLED: Cerenkov (or Cherenkov) luminescence occurs when charged particles exceed the phase velocity of a given medium. Cerenkov has gained interest in preclinical space as well as in clinical trials for optical visualization of numerous radionuclides. However, Cerenkov intensity has to be inferred from alternative databases with energy emission spectra, or theoretical fluence estimates. Here we present the largest experimental dataset of Cerenkov emitting isotopes recorded using the IVIS optical imaging system...

We have previously described the remarkable capacity of radioiodinated alkyl phospholipids to be sequestered and retained by a variety of tumors in vivo. We have already established the influence of certain structural parameters of iodinated alkyl phospholipids on tumor avidity, such as stereochemistry at the sn -2 carbon of alkylglycerol phosphocholines, meta -or para -position of iodine in the aromatic ring of phenylalkyl phosphocholines, and the length of the alkyl chain in alkyl phospholipids. In order to determine the additional structural requirements for tumor uptake and retention, three new radioiodinated alkylphospholipid analogs, 2-4 , were synthesized as potential tumor imaging agents...

Radioiodinated imaging agents for Aβ amyloid plaque imaging in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients have not been actively pursued. Our previous studies employed the "diaza" derivatives [11 C]TAZA and [18 F]flotaza in order to develop successful positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents for Aβ plaques. There is a need for radioiodinated imaging agents for Aβ plaques for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and PET imaging. We report our findings on the preparation of [124/125 I]IAZA, a "diaza" analog of [11 C]TAZA and [18 F]flotaza, and the evaluation of binding to Aβ plaques in the postmortem human AD brain...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Thyroid cancers are endocrine neoplasms with diverse gene expression and behavior, for which constantly evolving anatomic and functional imaging/theranostic agents have an essential role for diagnosis, staging, and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS: To achieve definitive diagnosis, neck ultrasound and associated risk stratification systems, notably Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS), allow improved thyroid nodule characterization and management guidance...

Several fluorine-18-labeled PET β-amyloid (Aβ) plaque radiotracers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are in clinical use. However, no radioiodinated imaging agent for Aβ plaques has been successfully moved forward for either single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Radioiodinated pyridyl benzofuran derivatives for the SPECT imaging of Aβ plaques using iodine-123 and iodine-125 are being pursued. In this study, we assess the iodine-124 radioiodinated pyridyl benzofuran derivative 5-(5-[124 I]iodobenzofuran-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylpyridin-2-amine ([124 I]IBETA) (Ki = 2...

Activated T cells played critical roles in immunotherapy and adoptive T cell therapy, and a non-invasive imaging strategy can provide us useful information concerning the transportation, accumulation, and homing of T cells in vivo. In this paper, by utilizing the long half-life radionuclide iodine-124 (124 I) and CD25 specific monoclonal antibody Basiliximab, we have fabricated a novel probe, namely, 124 I-Basiliximab, which was highly promising in the immuno-PET imaging of T cells. In vitro, 124 I-Basiliximab had superior affinity to CD25 protein (Kd = 5...

Synthetic and naturally occurring siderophores and their conjugates provide access to the bacterial cytoplasm via active membrane transport. Previously, we displaced iron with the radioactive isotope 67 Ga to quantify and track in vitro and in vivo uptake and distribution of siderophore Trojan Horse antibiotic conjugates. Here, we introduce a multi-isotope tagging strategy to individually elucidate the fate of metal cargo and the ligand construct with radioisotopes 67 Ga and 124 I. We synthesized gallium(III) model complexes of a ciprofloxacin-functionalized linear desferrichrome (Ga- D6 ) and deferoxamine (Ga- D7 ) incorporating an iodo-tyrosine linker to enable radiolabeling using the metal-binding (67 Ga) and the cargo-conjugation site (124 I)...

Radioactive iodine is frequently used for staging of human thyroid carcinomas. Iodine-124 scans performed using position emission tomography (PET) allow for more precise dosimetry of therapeutic radioiodine. The distribution of I-124 has not previously been described in veterinary medicine. The purpose of this prospective, exporatory, descriptive study is to evaluate the whole-body distribution of I-124 in dogs with suspected thyroid carcinoma. Ten dogs with either a cytologic diagnosis of a neuroendocrine neoplasm or biochemical hyperthyroidism were enrolled in a prospective clinical study...

PURPOSE: Accurate diagnosis of amyloidosis remains a significant clinical challenge and unmet need for patients. The amyloid-reactive peptide p5+14 radiolabeled with iodine-124 has been developed for the detection of amyloid by PET/CT imaging. In a first-in-human evaluation, the dosimetry and tissue distribution of 124 I-p5+14 peptide in patients with systemic amyloidosis. Herein, we report the dosimetry and dynamic distribution in the first three enrolled patients with light chain-associated (AL) amyloidosis...

The radioiodine isotope pair 124 I/131 I is used in a theranostic approach for patient-specific treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer. Lesion detectability is notably higher for 124 I PET (positron emission tomography) than for 131 I gamma camera imaging but can be limited for small and low uptake lesions. The recently introduced silicon-photomultiplier-based (SiPM-based) PET/CT (computed tomography) systems outperform previous-generation systems in detector sensitivity, coincidence time resolution, and spatial resolution...