Frontal sinus

BACKGROUND: Large defects of frontal sinus (FS) might be difficult to manage effectively. Mismanagement of the large defects could lead to serious postoperative complications in anterior skull base surgery. This study introduces a simple and reliable method applying small supporting bone pieces to cover or insert into large FS defects, then the large defect of FS was transformed into the some small defects which can be sealed by bone wax successfully. METHODS: Eleven patients underwent anterior skull base surgery for lesions or aneurysms, with the reconstruction of large FS defects by small supporting bone pieces...

Frontal osteomyelitis is characterized by localized osteal inflammation of the frontal bone. This is a rare complication of acute frontal sinusitis. The present case is being reported to highlight the likely role of anatomical variations in frontal sinus drainage pathways in the causation of this complication apart from other known predisposing factors like young age and immunocompromised state. The patient initially presented with seizures, fever, and headache and was diagnosed with viral encephalitis. However, the symptoms gradually progressed to cause right eye swelling and an increase in the severity of headache without any nasal complaints...

Injuries to humans caused by wild animals, particularly bears, are rarely mentioned in the literature. Such injuries are frequent in Siberia, which is a territory surrounded by dense forests inhabited by brown bears. In the last 4 months alone (September-December 2023), four bear attacks on humans were registered in Khakassia, Russia. This article presents a clinical case of rehabilitating a patient after a bear attack, who suffered multiple fragmentary fractures of the facial skeleton with displaced bone fragments, subcutaneous emphysema of the soft tissues of the face, damage to the parietal and right occipital regions and paranasal sinus hemorrhage on the left side...

BACKGROUND: Focal suppurative bacterial infections of the central nervous system (CNS), such as subdural empyemas and brain abscesses, can occur when bacteria enter the CNS through sinus fractures, head injuries, surgical treatment, or hematogenous spreading. Chronic cocaine inhalation abuse has been linked to intracranial focal suppurative bacterial infections, which can affect neural and meningeal structures. CASE DESCRIPTION: We present the case of a patient who developed a cocaine-induced midline destructive lesion, a vast bilateral paraclinoidal subdural empyema, and intracerebral right temporopolar abscess due to cocaine inhalation abuse...

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INTRODUCTION: An anterior open bite is a form of vertical discrepancy that presents as a lack of contact between maxillary and mandibular segments. The treatment modalities usually involve either intrusion of posterior teeth or extrusion of anterior or a combination of both. The anatomical relationship between the apex of the maxillary molar roots to the inferior wall of the maxillary sinus floor is crucial in planning posterior intrusion. The paranasal sinuses influence the growth of the facial structures that eventually get altered in various malocclusions...

OBJECTIVES: Prior studies evaluating the role of sinonasal anatomic variants with recurrent acute rhinosinusitis (RARS) are limited by inconsistent results. The goal of this study is to evaluate the association between sinonasal anatomic variants and RARS. METHODS: A 1:2 retrospective case-control study was conducted using patients presenting to the rhinology clinic from August 2020 to January 2023. A total of 60 patients with RARS were compared to 120 control patients...

According to the literature, transverse sinus hypoplasia is not a normal variant and has a serious potential effect on cerebral blood flow. We are presenting a rare case of chronic headache due to severe hypoplasia of the left transverse and sigmoidal sinus. A 12-year-old female girl was admitted with a complaint of gradual progressive severe headache, throbbing in nature, confined to a bitemporal and frontal region in the last 4-5 months. Headache is not associated with fever, vomiting, photophobia, or vision problems...

Objectives  The bacteriological features of the frontal sinus mucosa may impose significant complications in neurosurgery, when breached unintentionally. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial flora in patients undergoing frontal craniotomy for cerebrovascular substrate surgery. Design  This is a single-center prospective study. Setting  When mucosal laceration occurred, the patients underwent frontal sinus reconstruction with mucosa reconstruction, preserving the nasofrontal duct...

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of thin-slice echo-planar imaging (EPI)-based diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with an on-console distortion correction technique, termed reverse encoding distortion correction DWI (RDC-DWI), in patients with non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET)/pituitary adenoma. METHODS: Patients with non-functioning PitNET/pituitary adenoma who underwent 3-T RDC-DWI between December 2021 and September 2022 were retrospectively enrolled...

A 76-year-old woman, initially thought to have a simple abscess on her right upper eyelid, presented to our department of plastic and reconstructive surgery. Enhanced three-dimensional facial computed tomography (CT) revealed an abscess on the right upper lid, with a pyomucocele present in the right frontal sinus, accompanied by bone erosion in the superior wall of the right orbit. Based on the results of the CT scan, we diagnosed an atypical Pott's puffy tumor (PPT) with an abscess on the upper lid originating from the frontal sinusitis...

A 59-year-old woman presented to our clinic with a 3.5× 3-cm protruding mass on her forehead. A skull X-ray revealed a radiolucent osteolytic lesion on the left side of the frontal bone. Additionally, computed tomography showed a 3.1× 1.7× 3.6-cm mass exhibiting a "sunburst" pattern situated between the outer and inner tables of the skull, just superior and lateral to the left frontal sinus. This pattern suggested the presence of an intraosseous vascular malformation (IVM). The lesion was approached via a bicoronal incision...

An abnormal enlargement of the air-filled paranasal sinuses is referred to as pneumosinus dilatans. Typically discovered incidentally through radiological examinations, it infrequently manifests as cosmetic, neurological, ocular, or rhinological pathologies. Thorough evaluation for associated conditions is essential in patients with pneumosinus dilatans, including meningiomas of the anterior skull base or the optic nerve sheath. In our work, we report a 75-year-old female patient who presented with dysarthria and lower facial asymmetry...

UNLABELLED: Numerous surgical approaches have been described for the resection of anterior cranial fossa meningioma. The common problems associated with these approaches are excessive brain retraction, injury to neurovascular structures, transection of superior sagittal sinus (SSS), and a higher risk of new-onset anosmia. The authors describe a unilateral extended frontal approach with the aim to minimize brain handling without the need for SSS transection and possibly better olfaction preservation...

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated multi-system disorder. The nervous system (IgG4-RND) is rarely affected. We describe a short case series. We performed an ambispective analysis of IgG4-RND patients admitted at our centre between January 2016 and December 2022. Eight patients (M: F-2:6) were included with a mean age at presentation of 40.63 ± 17.88 years and disease duration of 5.16 ± 4.08 years. The common diseased sites were pachymeninges (7), orbits (4), paranasal sinuses (3), frontal lobe (1), hypophysis (1), leptomeninges (1), and middle ear (1)...

The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between frontal sinus pneumatization and its effect on various variations of paranasal sinuses on paranasal sinus CT scan. A total number of 100 patients (51 males, 49 females) were included in this study. Patients were divided into three groups on the basis of their frontal sinus pneumatization extent on paranasal sinus CT as Type 1 pneumatization (aplasia and hypoplasia), Type 2 pneumatization (medium) and Type 3 pneumatization (hyperplasia). The prevalence of various variations like pneumatization of upper and middle turbinate, presence of agger nasi, Haller and Onodi cell, maxillary sinus hypoplasia, extent of sphenoid sinus pneumatization, pneumatization of anterior clinoid process, pterygoid process and greater wing of sphenoid sinus, dehiscence and protrusion of internal carotid artery and optic nerve types were ascertained and compared within each group...

Osteomas are slow growing fibro-osseous lesions. Very rare to occur in paranasal sinuses. Small osteomas don't require any intervention. Giant osteomas may require surgical intervention due to its cosmetic and functional compromises. A 28 year old male presented with swelling over forehead and left orbit for more than 4 years. The swelling is around 6 × 5 cm with gross lateral and inferior deviation of left eyeball. Extradural fronto-ethmoidectomy was done with combined external and endoscopic approach...

The frontal recess region has a complex anatomy and HRCT scans of the paranasal sinuses (PNS) are the gold standard in evaluating it. Classification systems have been established to identify the frontal recess cells. The objectives of this study are to describe the incidence of anatomical variations, classify the anatomy of the frontal recess using the IFAC & Kuhn's classification systems, find the association between the anatomical variations and the incidence of CT signs of sinusitis. A prospective study of patients undergoing HRCT-PNS was carried out...

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a form of leukemia caused by the human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1). Otolaryngologists often diagnose ATL based on cervical lymphadenopathy or Waldeyer ring lesions. However, there are few reports of ATL occurring in the nasal and paranasal cavity. Here, we report four such cases of ATL. Case 1: An 82-year-old man diagnosed with acute-type ATL with a tumor in the nasal cavity underwent 5 courses of THP-COP, but died after 36 months due to ATL. Case 2: A 62-year-old woman diagnosed with lymphoma-type ATL with a tumor in the frontal sinus was treated with 5 courses of VCAP-AMP-VECP, and has survived for more than 10 years...

BACKGROUND: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a syndrome with multifactorial aetiology. Amongst which, anatomical variations studied by computed tomography of paranasal sinuses (CT PNS) had a high incidence which varied between 64.0% and 99.8%10 . Due to such high incidence, this study is undertaken to assess the various anatomical variations and their significant association in CRS. METHOD: A prospective observational study was conducted in 70 CRS patients and were subjected to CT PNS...