Closed system transfer device

In order to reduce the damage to people's health from diseases that attack the respiratory system such as COVID-19, asthma, and pneumonia, it is desired that patients' breathing can be monitored and alerted in real-time. The emergence of wearable health detection sensing devices has provided a relatively good response to this problem. However, there are still problems such as complex structure and poor performance. This paper introduces a laser-induced graphene (LIG) device that is attached to PDMS. The LIG is produced by laser irradiation of Nomex and subsequently transferred and attached to the PDMS...

BACKGROUND: This research focused on the development of a motor imagery (MI) based brain-machine interface (BMI) using deep learning algorithms to control a lower-limb robotic exoskeleton. The study aimed to overcome the limitations of traditional BMI approaches by leveraging the advantages of deep learning, such as automated feature extraction and transfer learning. The experimental protocol to evaluate the BMI was designed as asynchronous, allowing subjects to perform mental tasks at their own will...

Understanding the electronic transport of metal-semiconductor heterojunctions is of utmost importance for a wide range of emerging nanoelectronic devices like adaptive transistors, biosensors, and quantum devices. Here, we provide a comparison and in-depth discussion of the investigated Schottky heterojunction devices based on Si and Ge nanowires contacted with pure single-crystal Al. Key for the fabrication of these devices is the selective solid-state metal-semiconductor exchange of Si and Ge nanowires into Al, delivering void-free, single-crystal Al contacts with flat Schottky junctions, distinct from the bulk counterparts...

Upper limb functional impairments persisting after stroke significantly affect patients' quality of life. Precise adjustment of robotic assistance levels based on patients' motion intention using sEMG signals is crucial for active rehabilitation. This paper systematically reviews studies over the past decade on continuous prediction of upper limb single joint and multi-joint combinations motion intention using Model-Based (MB) and Model-Free (MF) approaches, based on 186 relevant studies screened from six major electronic databases...

New rapid, reliable, and cost-effective alternative systems are needed for the rapid diagnosis of Streptococcus pyogenes . The aim of this study was to fabricate a microfluidic test device to detect Streptococcus pyogenes by combining the Loop-mediated isothermal amplification method via a 3D printer. Microfluidic test devices were designed in CATIA V5 Release 16 software, and data were directly transferred to a 3D printer and produced using the FDM method with biocompatible PLA filament. The S. pyogenes ATCC 19615 and different ATCC strains was used...

Haptic interactions between human and machines are essential for information acquisition and object manipulation. In virtual reality (VR) system, the haptic sensing device can gather information to construct virtual elements, while the haptic feedback part can transfer feedbacks to human with virtual tactile sensation. Therefore, exploring high-performance haptic sensing and feedback interface imparts closed-loop haptic interaction to VR system. This review summarizes state-of-the-art VR-related haptic sensing and feedback techniques based on the hardware parts...

To optimize material stability, automated high-throughput workflows are of increasing interest. However, many of those workflows either employ synthesis techniques not suitable for large-area depositions or are carried out in ambient conditions, which limits the transferability of the results. While combinatorial approaches based on vapour-based depositions are inherently scalable, their potential for controlled stability assessments has yet to be exploited. Based on MAPbI3 thin films as a prototypical system, we demonstrate a combinatorial inert-gas workflow to study intrinsic materials degradation, closely resembling conditions in encapsulated devices...

Background: When treating acute respiratory failure, both hypoxemia and hyperoxemia should be avoided. SpO2 should be monitored closely and O2 flows adjusted accordingly. Achieving this goal might be easier with automated O2 titration compared to manual titration of fixed-flow O2 We evaluated the feasibility of using an automated O2 titration device in subjects treated for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Healthcare workers received education and training about oxygen therapy and were familiarized with an automated O2 titration device (FreeO2, Oxynov, Quebec City, Canada)...

This paper presents a novel resonance-based, adaptable, and flexible inductive wireless power transmission (WPT) link for powering implantable and wearable devices throughout the human body. The proposed design provides a comprehensive solution for wirelessly delivering power, sub-micro to hundreds of milliwatts, to deep-tissue implantable devices (3D space of human body) and surface-level wearable devices (2D surface of human skin) safely and seamlessly. The link comprises a belt-fitted transmitter (Belt-Tx) coil equipped with a power amplifier (PA) and a data demodulator unit, two resonator clusters (to cover upper-body and lower-body), and a receiver (Rx) unit that consists of Rx load and resonator coils, rectifier, microcontroller, and data modulator units for implementing a closed-loop power control (CLPC) mechanism...

Body-conformal sensors and tissue interfacing robotic therapeutics enable the real-time monitoring and treatment of diabetes, wound healing, and other critical conditions. By integrating sensors and drug delivery devices, scientists and engineers have developed closed-loop drug delivery systems with on-demand therapeutic capabilities to provide just-in-time treatments that correspond to chemical, electrical, and physical signals of a target morbidity. To enable closed-loop functionality in vivo, engineers utilize various low-power means of communication that reduce the size of implants by orders of magnitude, increase device lifetime from hours to months, and ensure the secure high-speed transfer of data...

BACKGROUND: Biopharmaceuticals are complex biological molecules that require careful storage and handling to ensure medication integrity. In this study, a work system analysis of real-world protein drug (PD) handling was performed with the following goals: identify main barriers and facilitators for successful adherence to accepted recommendations in PD handling, analyse differences in two organisations, and define a Best Current Practice in the real-life handling of PDs based on the results of the work system analysis...

In this paper, a proposal of closed bipolar electrode (BPE) and nanozyme based multi-mode biosensing platform is first presented. As a novel integrated chip, multi-mode-BPE (MMBPE) combines enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), electrochemiluminescence (ECL), ECL imaging and light emitting diode (LED) imaging, enabling highly sensitive triple read-out visible detection of cancer embryonic antigen (CEA). The ECL probe Ab2 @Au@Co3 O4 /CoFe2 O4 hollow nanocubes (HNCs) with excellent peroxidase (POD) activity is introduced into the BPE cathode through immune adsorption...

BACKGROUND: Impact of drug wastage is a legitimate and persistent concern. Financial impact of drug waste is borne by the hospital network, patients, and healthcare systems. Measures to reduce drug wastage may have a positive impact throughout healthcare systems. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the stability and sterility of single-dose vials when repeatedly accessed with a closed system transfer device. By evaluating the sterility and stability, these results may be used to validate the extension of vial usage and lead to potential drug wastage reduction...

OBJECTIVE: Hemodialysis patients usually receive an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in the arm as vascular access conduit to allow dialysis 2-3 times a week. This AVF introduces the high flow necessary for dialysis, but over time the ever-present supraphysiological flow is the leading cause of complications. This study aims to develop an implantable device able to non-invasively remove the high flow outside dialysis sessions. METHODS: The developed prototype features a magnetic ring allowing external coupling and torque transmission to non-invasively control an AVF valve...

INTRODUCTION: Maintaining safe working environments for health care personnel, especially for those who regularly handle hazardous drugs (HDs), is of utmost importance. Studies have shown that when closed system transfer devices (CSTDs) are used with standard open barrel syringes, cyclophosphamide (CP), a commonly used HD, is transferred to the syringe plunger during compounding or administration processes. This contamination can then be transferred to the work environment, endangering workers...

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) carbon dioxide (CO2 ) reduction (CO2 R) holds the potential to reduce the costs of solar fuel production by integrating CO2 utilization and light harvesting within one integrated device. However, the CO2 R selectivity on the photocathode is limited by the lack of catalytic active sites and competition with the hydrogen evolution reaction. On the other hand, serious parasitic light absorption occurs on the front-side-illuminated photocathode due to the poor light transmittance of CO2 R cocatalyst films, resulting in extremely low photocurrent density at the CO2 R equilibrium potential...

Many challenges have been identified for ensuring compatibility of closed system transfer devices (CSTDs) with biologic drug products. One challenge is large hold-up volumes (HUVs) of CSTD components, which can be especially problematic with early-stage biologics when low transfer volumes smaller than the nominal fill volume may be used to achieve a wide range of doses with a single drug product configuration. Here, we identified possible CSTD handling techniques during dose preparation of a drug product requiring small volume transfers during reconstitution, intermediate dilution, and dilution in an IV bag, and systematically evaluated the impact of these handling procedures on the ability to deliver an accurate dose to the next step...

Development of spatially organized structures and understanding their role in controlling kinetics of multistep chemical reactions are essential for the successful design of efficient systems and devices. While studies that showcase different types of methodologies for the spatial organization of various colloidal systems are known, design and development of well-defined hierarchical assemblies of liquid-crystal (LC) droplets and subsequent demonstration of biological reactions using such assemblies still remain elusive...

INTRODUCTION: Exposure of healthcare workers to hazardous drugs can lead to adverse health effects supporting the importance of a continuous monitoring program, for example, by taking surface wipe samples. The objective was to describe the results of repeated monitoring of contamination with hazardous drugs on multiple surfaces in a hospital pharmacy and at two wards using standardized preparation techniques and cleaning procedures. METHODS: Twelve surfaces in the hospital pharmacy and at two wards were sampled and analyzed for contamination with the hazardous drugs cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, methotrexate, and paclitaxel...

INTRODUCTION: Cytotoxic drugs can be hazardous to healthcare workers involved in their preparation and/or administration. Exposure occurs during routine handling of drug vials and ampoules, preparation, administration and disposal of cytotoxic waste. The use of closed-system devices provides protection against exposure to cytotoxics, but these devices are the subject of numerous incidents. Given the nature of the drugs they contain, these incidents can be dangerous for the personnel handling them...