EPS

A 1.1 × 10(6) Da acidic exopolysaccharide (EPS) was purified from an extremely halophilic archaeon Haloarcula hispanica ATCC33960 with a production of 30 mg L(-1) when grown in AS-168 medium, which mainly composed of mannose and galactose with a small amount of glucose in a molar ratio of 55.9 : 43.2 : 0.9. Two glycosyltransferase genes (HAH_1662 and HAH_1667) were identified to be responsible for synthesis of the acidic EPS. Deletion of either HAH_1662 or HAH_1667 led to loss of the acidic EPS...

In this study, native depolymerised-exopolysaccharides (DEPS) were successfully derived from the exopolysaccharides (EPS) of Termitomyces albuminosus, and its hepatoprotective effects against a high-fat emulsion and in vitro antioxidant activities were investigated. Based on the results of in vitro assays, DEPS showed superior antioxidant activities compared with EPS dose-dependently. According to the in vivo assays both EPS and DEPS significantly decreased the lipid levels, improved the enzymatic activities, and reduced lipid peroxidation in both serum and hepatic homogenates...

Despite years of research and clinical advances, chronic pulmonary infections with mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa remain the primary concern for cystic fibrosis patients. Much of the research on these strains has focused on the contributions of the polysaccharide alginate; however, it is becoming evident that the neutral polysaccharide Psl also contributes to biofilm formation and the maintenance of chronic infections. Here, we demonstrate that Psl produced by mucoid strains has significant roles in biofilm structure and evasion of immune effectors...

In this study, a kind of microbial aggregates: periphytic biofilms were used for Cu removal and immobilized onto fiber for developing a novel bioreactor. Results show that periphyton can effectively entrap Cu at initial concentrations of 2-20mgL(-1) due to the overproduction of EPS and porous structure of periphyton, and biosorption was the primary mechanism of Cu removal. Cu (mainly Cu3(OH)4(2+), Cu2(OH)2(2+) and Cu(2+)) adsorption onto periphytic biofilms followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The biosorption process fitted the Freundlich, Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich Isotherm models well and was thermodynamically spontaneous...

This study cultivated denitrifying granular sludge in three UASB reactors by the semi-starvation fluctuation C/N ratio strategy (reactor 1 (R1): constant C/N ratio; R2: regular fluctuation C/N ratio; and R3: semi-starvation fluctuation C/N ratio (SSF)). Microbial aggregates appeared in R1, R2 and R3 on days 28, 14 and 6, respectively. Compared with the results in R1 and R2, the guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) concentration was highest, the acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) concentration quickly reached a certain threshold, and more protein (PN) of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secretion resulted in the rapid formation of denitrifying granular sludge in R3...

The exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by probiotic Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides strain NTM048 has been reported to be an immunostimulant that enhances mucosal IgA production. In this study, we found that intranasal administration of mice with the EPS and an antigen (ovalbumin) resulted in secretion of antigen-specific IgA and IgG in the airway mucosa and the serum, suggesting that the EPS has the adjuvant activity for use with mucosal vaccination. Methylation analysis coupled to GC-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy revealed that 94% of the EPS consists of an α-(1 → 6) glucan containing 4% of 1→3-linked α-glucose branches...

An activated sludge sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was fed with synthetic wastewater containing ofloxacin (OFL) for 52days to study the overall performance of the SBR, the characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the bacterial community shift. Removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus and OFL were maintained at 90%, 96%, 80% and 65%, respectively. The EPS contents increased with increasing OFL concentration because more EPS was secreted to protect cells from OFL damage...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Epimedium koreanum Nakai is documented as tonic herbal in China for over a thousand years and has the potential to enhance the body's immunity according to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Polysaccharides are one of the most important effective compounds in Epimedium koreanum Nakai. Accumulating evidence indicated polysaccharides derived from traditional Chinese medicine have potent immune-enhancing properties and relatively nontoxic effects in cancer treatment...

OBJECTIVES: Emergency physicians (EPs) interpret plain radiographs for management and disposition of patients. Radiologists subsequently conduct their own interpretations, which may differ. The purposes of this study were to review the rate and nature of discrepancies between radiographs interpreted by EPs and those of radiologists in the pediatric emergency department, and to determine their clinical significance. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of discrepant radiology reports from a single-site pediatric emergency department from October 2012 to December 2014...

Biomaterials recovery from wasted activated sludge has become an increasing interesting research topic. The purpose of this study was to systemically evaluate different sludge disintegration methods (ultrasonic, alkaline, and thermal treatments) for protein solubilisation from waste activated sludge (WAS). Compared to control without treatment, the soluble protein concentration increased by 11, 23 and 12 times under the optimal treatment conditions (ultrasonic treatment of 1 W mL(-1), alkaline treatment of pH 12 and thermal treatment at 80 °C)...

Sludge flotation is a notorious problem in anaerobic wastewater treatment that can occur under various operational conditions and even cause the anaerobic process to completely fail. Despite having been documented for over three decades, its causes and remedies remain elusive, particularly for low-gas-production anaerobic processes such as sulfidogenic and anammox processes. This paper systematically studies sludge flotation in an anaerobic sulfidogenic process for saline domestic sewage treatment. Three lab-scale sulfidogenic reactors were operated in parallel with different modes of mixing (hydraulic, mechanical and pneumatic) at various mixing intensity levels at shear rates ranging from 0...

The impacts of exogenous or endogenous quorum sensing (QS) signaling molecules on mixed-culture electroactive biofilms (EABs), especially extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and exoelectrogens using direct electron transfer mechanism inside EABs are poorly understood. This research focuses on the influence of acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs), the most common QS signaling molecules for gram negative bacteria, on mixed-culture EABs. Results indicated that both exogenous and endogenous AHLs played the role as regulators to improve the electrochemical activities of EABs...

The pH value is a key parameter and affects sludge dewatering. Comprehensive understanding of the effects and mechanism of pH is important for sludge treatment process and sludge dewatering. The goal of this study was to evaluate the proposed mechanism of acid conditioning on sludge dewatering based on rheological analysis. At lower sludge pH, changes in floc structure, surface properties, and flocculation improved the performance of dewatering. Additionally, lower sludge pH caused the hydrolysis of EPS and intracellular materials, which released greater amounts of bound water...

Despite a growing scientific attention on ecological impact of emerging pollutants (EPs) such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and pesticides, knowledge gaps remain regarding mixture toxicity and effects on aquatic organisms. Several EPs were screened in seawater (Normandy, France), and the ecotoxicity of five compounds, chosen on their occurrence in ecosystems and use worldwide, was assessed and were the biocides methylparaben (MP) and triclosan (TCS), a pesticide degradation product (AMPA), and the pharmaceuticals venlafaxine (VEN) and carbamazepine (CBZ)...

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient that affects the growth and metabolism of microalgal biomass. Despite the obvious importance of P, the dynamics of how it is taken up and distributed in microalgae are largely undefined. In this study, we tracked the fate of P during batch growth of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. We determined the distribution of P in intracellular polymeric substances (IPS), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and soluble microbial products (SMP) for three initial ortho-phosphate concentrations...

The aim of this study was to characterize high exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from mustard pickles in Taiwan for potential probiotic applications. Among 39 collected LAB strains, four most productive EPS-producing strains were selected for further analysis. Comparative analyses of 16S rDNA genes rpoA and pheS sequences demonstrated that these strains were members of Lactobacillus plantarum-group (LPG). NCD 2, NLD 4, SLC 13, and NLD 16 showed survival rates of 95.83% ± 0...

The article analyzes the role of Permanent Committees of Teaching-Service Integration (CIES) in the implementation of Permanent Education in Health Policy (EPS). It is a multicenter study with a qualitative-quantitative approach which used a self-applied online questionnaire and a semi-structured interview for data collection. The key respondants were the responsible for EPS Policy of the 27 State Health Secretariats (SES) and 7 coordinators of CIESs of the five regions of Brazil. The findings showed the existence of a specific EPS sector in most SES; high level of schooling, experience and stable employment status of the managers...

Continuing efforts have been made to explore novel exopolysaccharides (EPSs) for valuable applications. In this research we report for the first time that a novel non-glucan EPS named EPS-605 can self-assemble to form spherical nano-size particles with ~88 nm, expanding both the EPS types and the structural types that EPS self-assemble into. Characterization of EPS-605 shows that it was made of mannose, glucose and galactose with several modifications including acylation, phosphorylation, sulfation, and carboxylation, and a highly negative charge...

INTRODUCTION: The study objective was to explore emergency physicians' (EP) awareness, willingness, and prior experience regarding transitioning patients to home-based healthcare following emergency department (ED) evaluation and treatment; and to explore patient selection criteria, processes, and services that would facilitate use of home-based healthcare as an alternative to hospitalization. METHODS: We provided a five-question survey to 52 EPs, gauging previous experience referring patients to home-based healthcare, patient selection, and motivators and challenges when considering home-based options as an alternative to admission...

Chemical conditioning has been used for enhancing wastewater sludge dewaterability for many years, but the characteristics of odorous pollutants emission in sludge conditioning were still unclear. In this work, the transfer behavior of different odorous pollutants between air, liquid and solid phases under typical chemical conditioning processes for high-pressure dewatering was systematically investigated. The results indicated that that besides hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3), 21 kinds of volatile organic contaminants (VOCs) were identified and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), while the concentrations and composition of odorous pollutants varied greatly for different conditioning processes...