Dispute

Blastocystis sp. is one of the most frequently detected protozoa during stool specimen examination. In the last decade, the studies about the pathogenic potential of Blastocystis sp. have intensified. Additionally, treatment approaches against this parasite are still disputable. The study aimed to investigate the in vitro activity of the substances of natural origin against two subtypes (ST) of Blastocystis sp.-ST3 and ST7. Garlic and turmeric extracts exhibited the highest inhibitory effect in relation to the ST3 viability...

The Swiss natural philosopher, physician, and radical reformer Theophrastus of Hohenheim (1493-1541), known as Paracelsus, endeavoured to reconcile his various perspectives in his extensive biblical exegeses. Symbolizing this effort were the two lights of nature and the Holy Spirit, which, on one hand, explored worldly and mortal aspects of nature and, on the other hand, led to eternal life. In response to the prevailing dispute between Luther and Zwingli over the interpretation of the Eucharist, Paracelsus developed his own viewpoint, introducing the concept of the new human with a renewed corporeal body...

Congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an inherited arrhythmia syndrome associated with sudden cardiac death. Accurate interpretation and classification of genetic variants in LQTS patients are crucial for effective management. All patients with LQTS with a positive genetic test over the past 18 years (2002-2020) in our single tertiary pediatric cardiac center were identified. Reevaluation of the reported variants in LQTS genes was conducted using the American College of Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guideline after refinement by the US ClinGen SVI working group and guideline by Walsh et al...

INTRODUCTION:  Dental records are an essential part of dental practice. The quality of dental recordkeeping is paramount in ensuring the delivery of high-quality dental care and is also important for medico-legal reasons. Should there be any dispute or need for review, detailed and well-maintained records can provide evidence of the care provided and the decision-making process. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to assess the quality of dental recordkeeping and dental charting practice at the dental clinic School of Dental Sciences...

The evolution of oxygen cycles on Earth's surface has been regulated by the balance between molecular oxygen production and consumption. The Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic transition likely marks the second rise in atmospheric and oceanic oxygen levels, widely attributed to enhanced burial of organic carbon. However, it remains disputed how marine organic carbon production and burial respond to global environmental changes and whether these feedbacks trigger global oxygenation during this interval. Here, we report a large lithium isotopic and elemental dataset from marine mudstones spanning the upper Neoproterozoic to middle Cambrian [~660 million years ago (Ma) to 500 Ma]...

Background: Our aim is to propose a framework for the development of a research case definition of lipedema, based on current available literature and those observations that can be applied to future lipedema research with the intent to standardize and strengthen the scientific evidence base. Methods and Results: We conducted a narrative review of the literature, and identified consensus characteristics and disputed characteristics that could be included in a research case definition of lipedema. After considering the strength of the evidence and how each characteristic might be measured in a research study, we recommended an approach for the development of a research case definition of lipedema that would be based on consideration of five agreed-upon characteristics, and five disputed, or less substantiated, characteristics as additional evidence to enhance specificity...

This essay aims to analyze the epidemiology of physical activity as a practical and epistemological field in dispute, based on the theoretical framework of international critical epidemiology. From this scientific point of view, the epidemiology of physical activity is radically marked by epistemological-health colonialism. This brand is expressed in the theoretical-practical distance from critical epidemiological thinking formulated in the global south, producing an artificial regional dependency and deep frustration in those who want to generate transformations in contemporary ways of living...

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the elderly is a noteworthy pathology due to the exponential increase in population age, and the effects of antiplatelet and anticoagulation on patients' outcomes are still a matter of dispute. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of various antithrombotic agents on patients with mild TBI, focusing on the risk of intracranial bleeding (ICH) and length of hospitalization (LOS). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted, including patients with a diagnosis of TBI admitted to the Emergency Department between 2021 and 2022...

Animal evolution is driven by random mutations at the genome level. However, it has long been suggested that there exist physical constraints which limit the set of possible outcomes. In craniate evolution, it has been observed that head features, notably in the genus homo, can be ordered in a morphological diagram such that, as the brain expands, the head rocks more forward, face features become less prognathous and the mouth tends to recede. One school of paleontologists suggests that this trend is wired somewhere structurally inside the anatomy, and that random modifications of genes push up or down animal forms along a pre-determined path...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Tourniquets have long been used in total knee arthroplasty due to the theoretical improvement of bleeding control, integration of cement-bone interface, visibility, and efficiency of the overall surgery. However, this has become increasingly disputed. Comparative studies in total knee arthroplasty employing chemical prophylaxis, i.e., tranexamic acid, have been conducted. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the effect of tranexamic with or without a tourniquet on mean blood loss, hemoglobin, and length of stay in total knee arthroplasty patients...

ORF3a is an accessory protein expressed by all human pathogen coronaviruses and is the only accessory protein that strongly affects viral fitness. Its deletion reduces severity in both alpha- and beta-coronaviruses, demonstrating a conserved function across the superfamily. Initially regarded as a non-selective cation channel, ORF3a's function is now disputed. Here, we show that ORF3a from SARS, but not SARS-CoV-2, promotes potassium conductance in a yeast model system commonly used to study potassium channels...

OBJECTIVES: Citicoline and cerebrolysin are two unique yet contentious medications because of inconsistencies in efficacy as well as the mystery surrounding their mode of action. The current study aimed to re-validate the neuroprotective benefits of these medications and investigate the possible molecular mechanism. METHODS: Neuro-2A cells were exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide, a consistent in vitro model of neuronal damage caused by oxidative stress. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO-EtBr) staining, and phase-view examinations were utilized to evaluate cell survival and cytotoxicity...

In this paper, I investigate the co-production of genetic research and national politics in post-martial law Taiwan. This entails analyzing two co-produced phenomena: the nationalization of biomedicine-in which the national discourse over racial/ethnic categories and ancestral origin increasingly shapes scientists' biomedical research; and the biomedicalization of the nation-in which people in public discourse increasingly use biomedical categories in characterizing national differences and identities. I analyze how the production and representation of scientific knowledge of the ancestral origins and genetic make-up of Taiwan have been embedded in Taiwanese politics...

Software Development based on Scrum Agile in a distributed development environment plays a pivotal role in the contemporary software industry by facilitating software development across geographic boundaries. However, in the past different frameworks utilized to address the challenges like communication and collaboration in scrum agile distributed software development (SADSD) were notably inadequate in transparency, security, traceability, geographically dispersed location work agreements, geographically dispersed teamwork effectiveness, and trust...

Although emotional mimicry is ubiquitous in social interactions, its mechanisms and roles remain disputed. A prevalent view is that imitating others' expressions facilitates emotional understanding, but the evidence is mixed and almost entirely based on facial emotions. In a preregistered study, we asked whether inhibiting orofacial mimicry affects authenticity perception in vocal emotions. Participants listened to authentic and posed laughs and cries, while holding a pen between the teeth and lips to inhibit orofacial responses ( n = 75), or while responding freely without a pen ( n = 75)...

This article investigates the application of the civil law severability doctrine in administrative law through an in-depth analysis of the French and Egyptian legal systems. Recognising the increasing complexity of administrative contracts and disputes, this study explores how administrative judges integrate the severability doctrine of civil law into their judgements. Specifically, it investigates whether and how this integration occurs and the balance that judges maintain between adhering to administrative law's independence and applying civil law principles...

OBJECTIVE: To identify the frequency and nature of care conflict dilemmas that United States long-term care providers encounter, response strategies, and use of ethics resources to assist with dispute resolution. DESIGN: An online cross-sectional survey was distributed to the Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine (AMDA). RESULTS: Two-thirds of participants, primarily medical directors, have rejected surrogate instructions and 71% have managed family conflict...

BACKGROUND: Antidepressants, noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS), and their combination are commonly used in routine clinical practice. Nevertheless, there is a continuous dispute regarding whether the effectiveness of NIBS in combination with antidepressants exceeds that of antidepressants alone. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the existing evidence and draw a definitive conclusion on this issue. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search of five databases: Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, SinoMed, and the Cochrane Database of Randomized Controlled Trials...

IMPORTANCE: Surgical site infections (SSIs)-especially anastomotic dehiscence-are major contributors to morbidity and mortality after rectal resection. The role of mechanical and oral antibiotics bowel preparation (MOABP) in preventing complications of rectal resection is currently disputed. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether MOABP reduces overall complications and SSIs after elective rectal resection compared with mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) plus placebo. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted at 3 university hospitals in Finland between March 18, 2020, and October 10, 2022...