Colorectal cancer

OBJECTIVES: Limited data are available on patients with advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) who require ostomy during primary cytoreductive surgery. This study aimed to investigate the application of postoperative and long-term oncological results from transitory protective stoma (TPS) formation during primary debulking surgery (PDS) for OC. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study with a single center. We identified patients with stage III-IV OC who underwent colon resection and anastomosis...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

IMPORTANCE: Organized screening outreach can reduce differences in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality between demographic subgroups. Outcomes associated with additional outreach, beyond universal outreach, are not well known. OBJECTIVE: To compare CRC screening completion by race and ethnicity, age, and sex after universal automated outreach and additional personalized outreach. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This observational cohort study included screening-eligible individuals aged 50 to 75 years assessed during 2019 in a community-based organized CRC screening program within the Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) integrated health care delivery setting...

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is an emerging method to treat colorectal cancers (CRC). Hypericin (HYP) is an effective mediator of PDT and the ABCG2 inhibitor, Febuxostat (FBX) could augment PDT. HT29 and HEK293 cells showed light dependant cytotoxic response to PDT in both 2D and 3D cell models. FBX co-treatment was not found to improve PDT cytotoxicity. Next, ABCG2 protein expression was observed in HT29 but not in HEK293 cells. However, ABCG2 gene expression analysis did not support protein expression results as ABCG2 gene expression results were found to be higher in HEK293 cells...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-highest cause of cancer-associated mortality among both men and women worldwide. One of the risk factors for CRC is obesity, which is correlated with a high-fat diet prevalent in Western dietary habits. The association between an obesogenic high-fat diet and CRC has been established for several decades; however, the mechanisms by which a high-fat diet increases the risk of CRC remain unclear. Recent studies indicate that gut microbiota strongly influence the pathogenesis of both high-fat diet-induced obesity and CRC...

It is necessary to explore new targets for the treatment of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) according to the tumor microenvironment. The expression levels of JAML and CXADR were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis and validation of clinical samples. JAML over-expression CD8+ T cell line was constructed, and the proliferation activity was detected by MTT. The production of inflammatory factors was detected by ELISA. The expression of immune checkpoint PD-1 and TIM-3 was detected by Western blot. The apoptosis level was detected by flow cytometry and apoptosis markers...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Mitochondria are important drug targets for anticancer and other disease therapies. Certain human mitochondrial DNA sequences capable of forming G-quadruplex structures (G4s) are emerging drug targets of small molecules. Despite some mitochondria-selective ligands being reported for drug delivery against cancers, the ligand design is mostly limited to the triphenylphosphonium scaffold. The ligand designed with lipophilic small-sized scaffolds bearing multipositive charges targeting the unique feature of high mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) is lacking and most mitochondria-selective ligands are not G4-targeting...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health concern. We need ways to detect it early and determine the best treatments. One promising method is liquid biopsy, which uses cancer cells and other components in the blood to help diagnose and treat the disease. Liquid biopsies focus on three key elements: circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating microRNA (miRNA), and circulating tumor cells (CTC). By analyzing these elements, we can identify CRC in its early stages, predict how well a treatment will work, and even spot signs of cancer returning...

Due to self-renewal, differentiation, and limitless proliferation properties, Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) increase the probability of tumor development. These cells are identified by using CSC markers, which are highly expressed proteins on the cell surface of CSCs. Recently, the therapeutic application of CSCs as novel biomarkers improved both the prognosis and diagnosis outcome of colorectal Cancer. In the present review, we focused on a specific panel of colorectal CSC markers, including LGR5, ALDH, CD166, CD133, and CD44, which offers a targeted and comprehensive analysis of their functions...

Tumor-informed mutation-based approaches are frequently used for detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Not all mutations make equally effective ctDNA markers. The objective was to explore if prioritizing mutations using mutational features-such as cancer cell fraction (CCF), multiplicity, and error rate-would improve the success rate of tumor-informed ctDNA analysis. Additionally, we aimed to develop a practical and easily implementable analysis pipeline for identifying and prioritizing candidate mutations from whole-exome sequencing (WES) data...

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of thymosin α1 combined with XELOX in improving immune function and reducing serum tumor markers in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) after radical surgery. A total of 180 patients who underwent radical surgery for CRC were divided into two groups: an observation group ( n = 94) receiving thymosin α1 in combination with XELOX and a control group ( n = 86) receiving XELOX alone. Immune function, inflammatory factor levels, serum tumor markers, and quality of life were assessed before and after treatment...

T cell-based immunotherapies for solid tumors have not achieved the clinical success observed in hematological malignancies, partially due to the immunosuppressive effect promoted by the tumor microenvironment, where PD-L1 and TGF-β play a pivotal role. However, durable responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors remain limited to a minority of patients, while TGF-β inhibitors have not reached the market yet. Here, we describe a bispecific antibody for dual blockade of PD-L1 and TFG-β, termed AxF (scFv)2 , under the premise that combination with T cell redirecting strategies would improve clinical benefit...

Nitrates and nitrites, which are synthetic additives, are traditionally used as curing agents in meat-based products. These synthetic additives are employed in the preparation of fermented meat foods to improve quality characteristics and microbiological safety, develop distinct flavours and red-colour stability, and counteract lipid oxidation. Nitrites also display significant bacteriostatic and bactericidal action against spoilage microorganisms and foodborne pathogens (such as Clostridium botulinum and Listeria monocytogenes )...

Early mutation identification guides patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) toward targeted therapies. In the present study, 414 patients with CRC were enrolled, and amplicon-based targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) was then performed to detect genomic alterations within the 73 cancer-related genes in the OncoAim panel. The overall mutation rate was 91.5 % (379/414). Gene mutations were detected in 38/73 genes tested. The most frequently mutated genes were TP53 (60.9 %), KRAS (46.6 %), APC (30.4 %), PIK3CA (15...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the world's second most common gastrointestinal malignancy. Preventing tumor cell proliferation and dissemination is critical for patient survival. Polyphenols have a variety of health advantages and can help prevent cancer. The current study examined different cellular activities of the gut-microbiota metabolite urolithin A (UA) on several colon cancer cell lines. The results revealed that UA suppressed cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In the current investigation, UA substantially affected cell migration in the wound-healing experiment and greatly decreased the number of colonies generated in each CRC cell culture...

BACKGROUND: Hartmann's reversal, a complex elective surgery, reverses and closes the colostomy in individuals who previously underwent a Hartmann's procedure due to colonic pathology like cancer or diverticulitis. It demands careful planning and patient optimisation to help reduce postoperative complications. Preoperative evaluation of body composition has been useful in identifying patients at high risk of short-term postoperative outcomes following colorectal cancer surgery. We sought to explore the use of our in-house derived Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithm to measure body composition within patients undergoing Hartmann's reversal procedure in the prediction of short-term postoperative complications...

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer standed as a global health challenge, ranking third in cancer incidence and second in cancer-related deaths worldwide. A deeper understanding of the intricate mechanisms driving colorectal cancer development was pressing need. STK16 had garnered attention in recent researches, while its involvement in cancer had been minimally explored. c-MYC had emerged as a key player in cancer biology. Due to its complex structure, multifunctionality, and intricate interactions, directly inhibiting the activity of c-MYC proves to be challenging...

BACKGROUND: The complex mechanisms of colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis and progression remain poorly understood. This study endeavors to unravel the role of UBXN11within the context of CRC. METHODS: UBXN11 expression level in CRC, stomach adenocarcinoma and esophageal carcinoma, and the overall survival in corresponding cancers were analyzed using UALCAN database. Human CRC cell lines and xenograft mouse model with UBXN11 overexpression were established to investigate the pathological role of UBXN11 in CRC progression...

PURPOSE: The available evidence regarding the role of fruit and vegetable consumption in the development of colorectal polyps remains inconclusive, and there is a lack of data on different histopathologic features of polyps. We aimed to evaluate the associations of fruit and vegetable consumption with the prevalence of colorectal polyps and its subtypes in a high-risk population in China. METHODS: We included 6783 Chinese participants aged 40-80 years who were at high risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the Lanxi Pre-colorectal Cancer Cohort (LP3C)...