independent component analysis

Fentanyl and fentanyl analogs are the main cause of recent overdose deaths in the United States. The presence of fentanyl analogs in illicit drugs makes it difficult to estimate their potencies. This makes the detection and differentiation of fentanyl analogs critically significant. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) can differentiate structurally similar fentanyl analogs by yielding spectroscopic fingerprints for the detected molecules. In previous years, five fentanyl analogs, carfentanil, furanyl fentanyl, acetyl fentanyl, 4-fluoroisobutyryl fentanyl (4-FIBF), and cyclopropyl fentanyl (CPrF), gained popularity and were found in 76...

OBJECTIVES: Subjective health (SH) is not just an indicator of physical health, but also reflects active cognitive processing of information about one's own health and has been associated with emotional health measures, such as neuroticism and depression. Behavior genetic approaches investigate the genetic architecture of SH, i.e., genetic and environmental influences on individual differences in SH and associations with potential components such as physical, cognitive, and emotional health...

INTRODUCTION: We investigated coexisting lesion types in patients with invasive colorectal cancer (CRC) in a multinational study for comprehending the adenoma-carcinoma and serrated pathway about the development of CRC. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 3050 patients enrolled in the international randomized controlled trial (ATLAS study) to evaluate the colorectal polyp detection performance of image-enhanced endoscopy in 11 institutions in four Asian countries/regions...

Whole-body angular momentum (WBAM) represents the cancellations of angular momenta that are produced during a reciprocal gait pattern. WBAM is sensitive to small changes and is used to compare dynamic gait patterns under different walking conditions. Study designs and the normalization techniques used to define WBAM vary and make comparisons between studies difficult. To address this problem, WBAM about each anatomical axis of rotation from a healthy control population during normal gait were investigated within four metrics: 1) range of WBAM, 2) integrated WBAM, 3) statistical parametric mapping (SPM), and 4) principal component analysis (PCA)...

In this study, 32 older adults with and without mood disorders completed resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and measures of demographics, spirituality/religion, positive and negative religious coping, and depression. Group Independent Component Analysis identified and selected three a priori resting state networks [cingulo-opercular salience (cSN), central executive (CEN) and Default Mode Networks (DMN)] within the Triple Network Mode. We investigated associations of religious coping with within- and between-network connectivity, controlling for age...

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is typically diagnosed at advanced stages and associated with early distant metastasis and poor survival. Besides clinical factors, the tumor microenvironment (TME) emerged as a crucial determinant of patient survival and therapy response in many tumors, including PDAC. Thus, the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) is associated with longer survival in PDAC. Although neoadjuvant therapy (NeoTx) has improved the management of locally advanced tumors, detailed insight into its effect on various TME components is limited...

BACKGROUND: TGFB-induced factor homeobox 2 (TGIF2), a member of the Three-Amino-acid-Loop-Extension (TALE) superfamily, has been implicated in various malignant tumors. However, its prognostic significance in glioma, impact on tumor immune infiltration, and underlying mechanisms in glioma development remain elusive. METHODS: The expression of TGIF2 in various human normal tissues, normal brain tissues, and gliomas was investigated using HPA, TCGA, GTEx, and GEO databases...

BACKGROUND: The efficacy and optimal dose of the new acid-suppressant vonoprazan (VPZ) for quadruple therapy remain uncertain. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of 20 mg VPZ daily (VOD) and 20 mg VPZ twice daily (VTD) with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) twice daily in quadruple therapy. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 954 patients treated with quadruple therapy to eradicate Helicobacter pylori . Eradication rates and adverse events were compared between the VOD and VTD groups, and between the VOD and PPI groups...

BACKGROUND: Physiological processes rely on phosphate, which is an essential component of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Hypophosphatasia can affect nearly every organ system in the body. It is crucial to monitor newborns with risk factors for hypophosphatemia and provide them with the proper supplements. We aimed to evaluate the risk factors and develop a nomogram for early hypophosphatemia in term infants. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study involving 416 term infants measured serum phosphorus within three days of birth...

Resting state networks (RSNs) are increasingly forwarded as candidate biomarkers for neuropsychiatric disorders. Such biomarkers may provide objective measures for evaluating novel therapeutic interventions in nonhuman primates often used in translational neuroimaging research. This study aimed to characterize the RSNs of awake squirrel monkeys and compare the characteristics of those networks in adolescent and adult subjects. Twenty-seven squirrel monkeys ( n =12 adolescents [6 male/6 female] ∼2.5 years and n =15 adults [7 male/8 female] ∼9...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought dramatic changes in our daily life, especially in human mobility since 2020. As the major component of the integrated transport system in most cities, taxi trips represent a large portion of residents' urban mobility. Thus, quantifying the impacts of COVID-19 on city-wide taxi demand can help to better understand the reshaped travel patterns, optimize public-transport operational strategies, and gather emergency experience under the pressure of this pandemic. To achieve the objectives, the Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR) model is used to analyze the impact mechanism of COVID-19 on taxi demand in this study...

BACKGROUND: Although most of the livelihood programmes target women, those that involve women and men have been evaluated as though men and women were a single homogenous population, with a mere inclusion of gender as an explanatory variable. This study evaluated the impact of WORTH Yetu (an economic empowerment intervention to improve livelihood outcomes) on household hunger, and household socioeconomic status (SES) among caregivers (both women and men) of orphaned and vulnerable children (OVC) in Tanzania...

INTRODUCTION: Given the growing emphasis on patient outcomes, including postoperative complications, in total joint arthroplasty (TJA), investigating the rise of outpatient arthroplasty is warranted. Concerns exist over the safety of discharging patients home on the same day due to increased readmission and complication rates. However, psychological benefits and lower costs provide an incentive for outpatient arthroplasty. The influence of social determinants of health disparities on outpatient arthroplasty remains unexplored...

Recent years have seen rising mortality rates linked to cutaneous melanoma (SKCM), despite advances in immunotherapy. Understanding RNA N6-methyladenosine (M6A) significance in SKCM is crucial for prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME), immune cell presence, and immunotherapy efficacy. We analyzed 23 M6A regulators using SKCM samples from TCGA and GEO databases, identifying three M6A modification patterns linked to TME cell infiltration. Principal component analysis (PCA) yielded an M6A score for individual tumors, utilizing patient gene expression profiles and CNV data from TCGA...

BACKGROUND: In the past few years, a burgeoning interest has emerged in applying gamification to promote desired health behaviors. However, little is known about the effectiveness of such applications in the HIV prevention and care continuum among men who have sex with men (MSM). OBJECTIVE: This study aims to summarize and evaluate research on the effectiveness of gamification on the HIV prevention and care continuum, including HIV-testing promotion; condomless anal sex (CAS) reduction; and uptake of and adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), and antiretroviral therapy (ART)...

Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM) was an important functional outcome measure specifically designed for spinal cord injury (SCI) patients, with the self-reported version of SCIM (SCIM-SR) published in 2013. This study aims to translate the SCIM-SR into Chinese, and to investigate the validity of Chinese SCIM-SR among SCI patients. This Chinese version of SCIM-SR was translated into Chinese in a standardized approach, and then filled out by a sample of patients with SCI (n = 205) within 3 days after admission...

BACKGROUND: Previous research has examined the dyadic health components consisting of dyadic burdens, psychological disorders, psychological resilience, and illness- or caregiving-related beliefs independently from each other in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and their caregivers, but there is a need for further insights into their interconnections. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to explore the interconnections among dyadic health components in patients with CHF and their caregivers...

Masking experiments, using vertical and horizontal sinusoidal depth corrugations, have suggested the existence of more than two spatial-frequency disparity mechanisms. This result was confirmed through an individual differences approach. Here, using factor analytic techniques, we want to investigate the existence of independent temporal mechanisms in frontoparallel stereoscopic (cyclopean) motion. To construct stereomotion, we used sinusoidal depth corrugations obtained with dynamic random-dot stereograms. Thus, no luminance motion was present monocularly...

Progression of intracranial hemorrhage is a common, potentially devastating complication after moderate/severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Clinicians have few tools to predict which patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage on their initial head computed tomographic scan (hCT) scan will progress. The objective of this investigation was to identify clinical, imaging, and/or protein biomarkers associated with progression of intracranial hemorrhage (PICH) after moderate/severe TBI and to create an accurate predictive model of PICH based on clinical features available at presentation...

PURPOSE: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional connectivity (FC) have been used to follow aging in both children and older adults. Robust changes have been observed in children, in which high connectivity among all brain regions changes to a more modular structure with maturation. We examine FC changes in older adults after 2 years of aging in the UK Biobank (UKB) longitudinal cohort. APPROACH: We process fMRI connectivity data using the Power264 atlas and then test whether the average internetwork FC changes in the 2722-subject longitudinal cohort are statistically significant using a Bonferroni-corrected <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www...