Richets

RATIONALE: Oxygen isotope exchange between O2 and CO2 in the presence of heated platinum is an established technique for determining the δ17 Figure S2. Three isotope exponents κ of O + O2 and O + CO2 isotope exchange equilibria as a function of temperature O value of CO2 . However, there is not yet a consensus on the associated fractionation factors at the steady state. METHOD: We determined experimentally the steady state ⍺17 and ⍺18 fractionation factors for Pt-catalyzed CO2 -O2 oxygen isotope exchange at temperatures ranging from 500 to 1200 °C...

Upon infection, DNA viruses can be sensed by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), leading to the activation of type I and III interferons to block infection. Therefore, viruses must inhibit these signaling pathways, avoid being detected, or both. Papillomavirus virions are trafficked from early endosomes to the Golgi apparatus and wait for the onset of mitosis to complete nuclear entry. This unique subcellular trafficking strategy avoids detection by cytoplasmic PRRs, a property that may contribute to the establishment of infection...

Four porphyrins equipped with imidazolium rings on the para positions of their meso aryl groups were prepared and used as tetrakis( N -heterocyclic carbene) (NHC) precursors for the synthesis of porphyrin cages assembled from eight NHC-M bonds (M = Ag+ or Au+ ). The conformation of the obtained porphyrin cages in solution and their encapsulation properties strongly depend on the structure of the spacer -(CH2 ) n - ( n = 0 or 1) between meso aryl groups and peripheral NHC ligands. In the absence of methylene groups ( n = 0), porphyrin cages are rather rigid and the short porphyrin-porphyrin distance prevents the encapsulation of guest molecules like 1,4-diazabicyclo[2...

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are a big threat for global viticulture. Without effective chemicals, biocontrol strategies are developed as alternatives to better cope with environmental concerns. A combination of biological control agents (BCAs) could even improve sustainable disease management through complementary ways of protection. In this study, we evaluated the combination of Bacillus subtilis ( Bs ) PTA-271 and Trichoderma atroviride ( Ta ) SC1 for the protection of Chardonnay and Tempranillo rootlings against Neofusicoccum parvum Bt67, an aggressive pathogen associated to Botryosphaeria dieback (BD)...

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the efficacy of Salivary Bypass Tube (SBT) for preventing pharyngo-cutaneous fistula (PCF) in a recent cohort of patients who underwent primary and salvage total laryngectomy (TL). METHODS: A consecutive series of 133 patients who underwent total laryngectomy between 1997 and 2019 was reviewed. The incidence of PCF was compared between patients who did not receive SBT (nSBT group; n = 55) and those preventively receiving SBT (SBT group; n = 78) in both primary and salvage TL...

This article considers the double role of child prodigies as child stars and psychological subjects in Paris in the Belle Époque. I argue that the celebrity status of child prodigies during this time contributed to their transformation into objects of scientific curiosity. The notions of innate talent and natural-born genius contributed heavily to stories of child prodigies within the public sphere; these stories also circulated in psychological accounts of such children. To illustrate this, I examine the case of Pepito Arriola, the so-called Spanish Mozart, in more detail...

Anellovirus infections are highly prevalent in mammals, however, prior to this study only a handful of anellovirus genomes had been identified in members of the Felidae family. Here we characterise anelloviruses in pumas (Puma concolor), bobcats (Lynx rufus), Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), caracals (Caracal caracal) and domestic cats (Felis catus). The complete anellovirus genomes (n = 220) recovered from 149 individuals were diverse. ORF1 protein sequence similarity network analysis coupled with phylogenetic analysis, revealed two distinct clusters that are populated by felid-derived anellovirus sequences, a pattern mirroring that observed for the porcine anelloviruses...

BACKGROUND: Different thromboplastins are available to measure prothrombin time (PT). Stago coagulation analyzers and reagents are currently used in veterinary laboratories and enable PT measurements to explore the coagulation cascade (extrinsic pathway). OBJECTIVES: The main objective was to compare PT measurements obtained with the STA-NeoPTimal reagent with the commonly used STA-Neoplastine CI Plus reagent. The secondary objective was to compare the PT ratio with the international normalized ratio (INR) calculated from our derived clotting times...

We report periodic mesoporous ionosilica nanoparticles (PMINPs) as versatile nano-objects for imaging, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and efficient adsorption and delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) into breast cancer cells. In order to endow these nanoparticles with PDT and siRNA photochemical internalization (PCI) properties, a porphyrin derivative was integrated into the ionosilica framework. For this purpose, we synthesized PMINPs via hydrolysis-cocondensation procedures from oligosilylated ammonium and porphyrin precursors...

Whilst best known as a Nobel laureate physiologist, Charles Robert Richet (1850-1935) was also a pioneer of scientific psychology. Starting in 1875 Richet had a leading role in the habilitation of hypnosis, in the institutionalization of psychology in France, and in the introduction of methodological innovations. Authoring several psychology books, Richet's works contributed to the recognition of the scientific nature of the discipline. This role is often underplayed by some historians and psychology textbooks in favor of his later position as a proponent of the controversial discipline he christened metapsychics in 1905, which today lies within the province of parapsychology...

Over that last decade, coupling multiple strand displacement approaches with high throughput sequencing have resulted in the identification of genomes of diverse groups of small circular DNA viruses. Using a similar approach but with recovery of complete genomes by PCR, we identified a diverse group of single-stranded viruses in yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventer) fecal samples. From 13 fecal samples we identified viruses in the family Genomoviridae (n = 7) and Anelloviridae (n = 1), and several others that ware part of the larger Cressdnaviricota phylum but not within established families (n = 19)...

Water-soluble  π -conjugated polymers are increasingly considered for DNA biosensing. However, the conformational rearrangement, supramolecular organization and dynamics upon interaction with DNA have been overlooked, which prevents the rational design of such detection tools. To elucidate the binding of a cationic polythiophene (CPT) to DNA with atomistic resolution, we performed molecular simulations of their supramolecular assembly. Comparison of replicated simulations show a multiplicity of CPT binding geometries that contribute to the wrapping of CPT around DNA...

Genomoviruses (family Genomoviridae) are circular single-stranded DNA viruses that have been mainly identified through metagenomics studies in a wide variety of samples from various environments. Here, we describe 98 genomes of genomoviruses found associated with members of 19 plant families from Australia, Brazil, France, South Africa and the USA. These 98 genomoviruses represent 29 species, 26 of which are new, in the genera Gemykolovirus (n = 37), Gemyduguivirus (n = 9), Gemygorvirus (n = 8), Gemykroznavirus (n = 6), Gemycircularvirus (n = 21) and Gemykibivirus (n = 17)...

In this work, we exploit the versatile function of cationic phosphonium-conjugated polythiophenes to develop multifunctional platforms for imaging and combined therapy (siRNA delivery and photodynamic therapy). The photophysical properties (absorption, emission and light-induced generation of singlet oxygen) of these cationic polythiophenes were found to be sensitive to molecular weight. Upon light irradiation, low molecular weight cationic polythiophenes were able to light-sensitize surrounding oxygen into reactive oxygen species (ROS) while the highest were not due to its aggregation in aqueous media...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Early brain injuries (EBI) are one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality after subarachnoid hemorrhage. At admission, a third of patients are unconscious (spontaneously or sedated) and EBI consequences are not evaluable. To date, it is unclear who will still be comatose (with severe EBI) and who will recover (with less severe EBI) once the aneurysm is treated and sedation withdrawn. The objective of the present study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of S100B levels at hospital admission to identify patients with severe neurological consequences of EBI...

Jean-Martin Charcot started his main work on hysteria around 1870, until his death in 1893. Désiré Bourneville had triggered Charcot's interest in hysteria during his stay as an interne in his department, while Charles Richet's 1875 article on somnambulism was the trigger for Charcot to develop hypnotism. Charcot's collaborators Paul Richer, Georges Gilles de la Tourette, Paul Sollier, Joseph Babinski, Sigmund Freud and Pierre Janet subsequently became most famous in hysteria. In 1908, a "quarrel of hysteria" opposed several of Charcot's pupils, from which Babinski, who had developed the concept of "pithiatism", was considered victorious against Charcot's first successor Fulgence Raymond...

France has been heavily affected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and went into lockdown on 17 March 2020. Using models applied to hospital and death data, we estimate the impact of the lockdown and current population immunity. We find that 2.9% of infected individuals are hospitalized and 0.5% of those infected die (95% credible interval: 0.3 to 0.9%), ranging from 0.001% in those under 20 years of age to 8.3% in those 80 years of age or older. Across all ages, men are more likely to be hospitalized, enter intensive care, and die than women...

Janus bis(N-heterocyclic carbenes) composed of a porphyrin core with two N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) heads fused to opposite pyrroles were used as bridging ligands for the preparation of metal complexes. We first focused our attention on the synthesis of gold(i) chloride complexes [(NHC)AuCl] and investigated the substitution of the chloride ligand by acetylides to obtain the corresponding [(NHC)AuC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CR] complexes. Polyacetylides were then used to obtain molecular multiporphyrinic systems with porphyrins fused to only one NHC ligand, while main-chain organometallic polymers (MCOPs) were obtained when using Janus porphyrin bis(NHCs)...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.