BRUE

BACKGROUND: Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) is characterized by excessive dynamic airway collapse. Severe TBM can be associated with substantial morbidity. Children with secondary TBM associated with esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) and vascular-related airway compression (VRAC) demonstrate clinical improvement following airway pexy surgery. It is unclear if children with severe primary TBM, without secondary etiologies (EA/TEF, vascular ring, intrinsic pulmonary pathology, or complex cardiac disease) demonstrate clinical improvement following airway pexy surgery...

This paper contains descriptions and illustrations of five new species of the genus Aulacocentrum Brues, 1922, from Vietnam, viz. Aulacocentrumassitum Long & Pham, sp. nov. ; A.glabrum Long, sp. nov. ; A.imparum Long & van Achterberg, sp. nov. ; A.intermedium Long & van Achterberg, sp. nov. ; and A.simulatum Long, sp. nov. Additionally, Aulacocentrumseticella van Achterberg & He is newly recorded for Vietnam's braconid fauna. A checklist and a key to the Oriental and East Palaearctic Aulacocentrum species is provided and the in-country distribution of the Vietnamese species is given...

BACKGROUND: Brief Resolved Unexplained Events (BRUEs), formerly known as Apparent Life-Threatening Events (ALTEs), are concerning episodes of short duration (typically <1 min) characterized by a change in breathing, consciousness, muscle tone, and/or skin color. In some cases, SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with episodes of BRUEs in previously healthy children. This study aimed to compare the demographic, respiratory, perinatal, and infectious characteristics in children affected by BRUEs before the COVID-19 pandemic and after the spread of SARS-CoV-2...

PURPOSE: Acromegaly is a rare disease associated with chronic multisystem complications. New therapeutic strategies have emerged in the last decades, combining pituitary transsphenoidal surgery (TSS), radiotherapy or radiosurgery (RXT) and medical treatments. METHODS: This retrospective monocentric study focused on presentation, management and outcome of acromegaly patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2020, still followed up in 2020, with a minimum follow-up of 1 year, and comparison of the first vs...

In a 2016 clinical practice guideline, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) created and introduced the term brief resolved unexplained event (BRUE). This guideline defined specific criteria for diagnosis of BRUE and provided a set of guidelines for evaluation of these infants as well as characteristics that indicate a BRUE will have a low risk for a repeat event or a serious underlying disorder. This issue reviews the definition and broad differential diagnosis of a BRUE, highlights the criteria for risk stratification of infants who experience a BRUE, summarizes the management recommendations for patients with a lower-risk BRUE, and examines the available literature that evaluates the impact of the AAP guidelines in the years since its publication...

The Indian fauna of the microgastrine genus Promicrogaster is reviewed and three new species are described: P. constricta, P. flava, and P. incompleta, all authored by Ranjith & Fernandez-Triana. Until now only one species had been reported from India. An illustrated key for the Oriental region, including all previously described species, is also provided.

The Stelidium group is readily distinguished from all other members of the subgenus Stelis Panzer, 1806 by the combination of small body size ( 6 mm), pale maculations on the head adjacent to the inner margins of the compound eyes and laterally on the vertex in both sexes, and females with sternum 6 extended beyond tergum 6, the former with the dorsal lip trowel-shaped with the apex broadly rounded or subtruncate to more narrowly pointed. This monophyletic clade, which is endemic to North America, currently consists of members previously placed into two species groups: the permaculata group containing S...

The new braconid genus and species from the subfamily Rhyssalinae, Properhyssalus szechowskii Belokobylskij, gen. et sp. nov., from late Eocene Baltic amber are described and illustrated. The differences between the new genus and the type species of Rhyssalus Haliday, 1833, Rh. clavator Haliday, 1833, are provided. The position of the previously described from Baltic amber species Rhyssalus brevicornis Brues, 1933 and Rh. rugosus Brues, 1933, as well as Palaeorhyssalus dubitosus Brues, 1933, are discussed.

Patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores have been utilized more frequently, but the relationship of PRO scores to determinants of health and social inequities has not been widely studied. Our goal was to determine the association of PRO scores with social determinants. All patients with a new cancer diagnosis who completed a PRO survey from 2020 to 2022 were included. The PRO survey recorded scores for depression, fatigue, pain interference and physical function. Higher depression, fatigue and pain scores indicated more distress...

Pituitary deficiency, or hypopituitarism, is a rare chronic disease. It is defined by insufficient synthesis of one or more pituitary hormones (growth hormone, TSH, ACTH, LH-FSH, prolactin), whether or not associated with arginine vasopressin deficiency (formerly known as diabetes insipidus). In adult patients, it is usually acquired (notably during childhood), but can also be congenital, due to abnormal pituitary development. The present study focuses on congenital pituitary deficiency in adults, from diagnosis to follow-up, including special situations such as pregnancy or the elderly...

IMPORTANCE: A major issue in the management of craniopharyngioma-related obesity (CRO) is the ineffectiveness of the current therapeutic approaches. OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs compared with placebo in adults with obesity CRO. DESIGN: A double-blind multicenter superiority randomized clinical in trial in two parallel arms. SETTING: Eleven French University Hospital Centers. PARTICIPANTS: Adults with CRO (body mass index > 30 kg/m²) without the sign of recurrence of craniopharyngioma in the past year...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe the incidence of brief resolved unexplained events (BRUEs) and compare the impact of a national clinical practice guideline (CPG) on admission and diagnostic testing practices between general and pediatric emergency departments (EDs). METHODS: Using the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample for 2012-2019, we conducted a cross-sectional study of children <1 year of age with an International Classification of Diseases diagnostic code for BRUE...

OBJECTIVES: Infants presenting to pediatric emergency departments (EDs) after a choking episode, cyanotic event, or irregular breathing pattern are often diagnosed with a brief, resolved, unexplained event (BRUE). Social determinants of health may affect these patients; therefore, we aimed to define population demographics and determine significant demographic predictors between 2 cohorts-infants presenting with BRUE, and those admitted to the intensive care unit. METHODS: Using data from the Pediatric Health Information System (Children's Hospital Association, Washington, DC, Lenexa, KS), this multicenter, retrospective study included children aged 0-1 year from 52 hospitals who presented with an International Classification of Diseases-10 coded primary diagnosis for BRUE/apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) between January 1, 2016, and June 30, 2021...

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) is a group of syndromes with a genetic predisposition to the appearance of endocrine tumors, and shows autosomal dominant transmission. The advent of molecular genetics has led to improvements in the management of MEN in terms of diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. The genetics of MEN is the subject of regular updates, which will be presented throughout this paper. MEN1, the first to be described, is associated with the MEN1 gene. MEN1 is well known in terms of the observed phenotype, with genetic analysis being conclusive in 90% of patients with a typical phenotype, but is negative in around 10% of families with MEN1...

OBJECTIVE: In 2016, the American Academy of Pediatrics published the Brief Resolved Unexplained Event (BRUE) Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG). A multicenter quality improvement (QI) collaborative aimed to improve CPG adherence. METHODS: A QI collaborative of 15 hospitals aimed to improve testing adherence, the hospitalization of lower-risk infants, the correct use of diagnostic criteria, and risk classification. Interventions included CPG education, documentation practices, clinical pathways, and electronic medical record integration...

A new species of aphid parasitoid from the genus Ephedrus Haliday, E. zaikai Davidian, sp. nov. (Braconidae: Aphidiinae), is described and illustrated from Late Eocene Baltic amber. This new species was compared with described fossil taxa Ephedrus mirabilis Timon-David, 1944 (Oligocene imprint from Bassin de Marseille), Ephedrus carsteni Davidian, 2023 and E. primordialis Brues, 1933 (both from Eocene Baltic amber), and E. rasnitsyni Davidian & Kaliuzhna, 2021 (Eocene Sakhalinian amber), as well as with extant E...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients included in the European Registry on Cushing's syndrome (ERCUSYN), compare their clinical characteristics with those who did not develop VTE and identify risk factors for VTE. DESIGN: A retrospective observational cohort study. METHODS: Data extraction from the registry was taken on February, 7, 2022. At the time there were 2174 patients diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome (CS) and 95 VTEs were reported in the database...

BACKGROUND: Prolactinomas represent 46%-66% of pituitary adenomas, but the prevalence of germline mutations is largely unknown. We present here the first study focusing on hereditary predisposition to prolactinoma. OBJECTIVE: We studied the prevalence of germline mutations in a large cohort of patients with isolated prolactinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed combining genetic and clinical data from patients referred for genetic testing of MEN1, AIP, and CDKN1B between 2003 and 2020...

CONTEXT: Diagnosis announcement of a chronic disease is a crucial moment for patients as well as for their families and an important step in the management of severe conditions such as rare endocrine diseases. Little is known of how diagnosis is communicated to patients and families. The FIRENDO network was created by the third French Plan for Rare Diseases, to promote autonomy, care and research on rare endocrine diseases. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to characterize, for the first time, the experience and needs of patients and/or their parents around the announcement of diagnosis to ensure optimal quality of care...

OBJECTIVE: The 2016 clinical practice guideline (CPG) replacing apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) with brief resolved unexplained event (BRUE) was associated with a reduction in hospitalizations and clinical testing among children with this condition in pediatric hospitals. However, as only a minority of acute-care encounters occur in dedicated pediatric centers, the overall effect of this CPG on children with ALTE/BRUE remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to examine changes in the diagnosis and management of BRUE in a statewide sample of non-pediatric hospitals following publication of the CPG...