Carcinoid Syndrome breast cancer

In addition to the mutations that underlie most cases of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome, somatic mutations of the MEN1 gene have also been described in sporadic tumors like gastrinomas, insulinomas and bronchial carcinoid neoplasm. We examined exon 2 of this gene, where most of the mutations have been described, in 148 endocrine and nonendocrine sporadic tumors. DNA was obtained by phenol/chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation from 92 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples, and from 40 fresh tumor tissue samples...

The nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database was used to analyse the risk of cancer among the offspring of bilateral breast cancer patients. We studied 4,734 such mothers who had 9,391 offspring, of whom 328 presented with a primary cancer in the years 1958-1996. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) were increased for breast [SIR 3.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.57-3.59], ovarian (SIR 1.84, 95% CI 1.03-3.05) and anogenital (SIR 1.75, 95% CI 1.11-2.63) cancers and childhood sarcomas (SIR 9.39, 95% CI 1...

pS2 protein expression has been demonstrated in a range of malignant tissues in an oestrogen-independent pathway. Recently, it has been demonstrated that pS2, in prostate cancer, is closely associated with neuro-endocrine differentiation. In the present study, we have analyzed, by immunohistochemistry along with microwave antigen retrieval, the expression of pS2 protein in a retrospective series of 236 human primary neuro-endocrine tumours and attempted to correlate this with the clinicopathologic features of patients and the presence of oestrogen receptor (ER)...

Somatostatin-receptor scintigraphy has been in clinical use for several years. Most of the experience with somatostatin tumor scintigraphy has been obtained with gastro-enteropathic (GEP) tumors and carcinoids. Clinical applications of somatostatin imaging have been reported in small-cell lung carcinomas, malignant lymphomas, renal-cell carcinomas, breast cancers and medullary thyroid cancers. Somatostatin analogues were initially applicable in larger medical institutions because of the necessity for radioactive labeling with iodine (octreotide to [123I-Tyr3]-octreotide); however, the clinical results with iodinated analogues were worse than the relatively new analogue [111In-DTPA-D-Phe1]octreotide, now available as Octreoscan...

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The so-called "carcinoid" tumors of the breast are at present a difficult entity to define. Two histopathological features are used to recognize such tumors: argyrophilia and ultrastructural dense-core granules. Eight cases of "carcinoid" tumor of the breast, observed over a 5-year period, with 3.6% incidence over the total of breast cancers recorded during the same period, are reported. All patients were females with a mean age of 55.2 years. Argyrophilia was found in all tumors and dense-core granules were observed in five studied ultrastructurally...

Nonspecific dermatologic problems occasionally associated with malignant disease include pruritus, reactive erythemas and skin infections. Frequently associated with internal neoplasms are acanthosis nigricans, dermatomyositis, rapid development of multiple seborrheic keratoses, hypertrichosis lanuginosa and other syndromes. Skin metastases may be the first signs of internal cancer. The most common visceral primaries are the lung and colon in men and the breast, colon and ovary in women. Recognizing these lesions can lead to early diagnosis and improved prognosis...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

An awareness of various dermatoses which reflect internal malignancy will facilitate the physician's ability to recognize or even anticipate malignant disease. There have been several previous reports on this subject. This review emphasizes the nonspecific cutaneous changes associated with malignancy. New skin markers of cancer are also discussed.

A phase I trial was conducted in 30 patients with solid tumors, using infusions of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (5-FUdR) plus cytosine arabinoside (ara-C). Doses of 5-FUdR administered over 2 hours daily X 5 ranged from 0.02 to 1.0 mg/kg, and these doses immediately preceded a 1-hour infusion of ara-C. These schedules were selected because 5-FUdR pretreatment had been shown to sensitize L5178Y cells in culture to acute cell death by ara-C. Dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression. Based upon results in this study, the recommended dose of 5-FUdR to be used in phase II trials of this combination is 0...