Walnuts

This study aimed to investigate the effect of hyphal formation in Yarrowia lipolytica and biochar addition on erythritol production by submerged fermentation. Hyphal formation significantly inhibited erythritol production by Y. lipolytica. Transcriptome analysis suggested that the impaired erythritol synthesis of hyphal cells was associated with the differential expression of genes involved in amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and cell wall stability. Deletion of RAS2 responsible for yeast-to-hypha transition and EYD1 included in erythritol degradation blocked hyphal formation and improved erythritol production...

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Lepidosaphes malicola (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), the Armenian mussel scale, for the territory of the European Union, following commodity risk assessments of Prunus persica and P. dulcis plants for planting from Türkiye, in which L. malicola was identified as a pest of possible concern. L. malicola is a polyphagous insect of temperate and arid areas, feeding on more than 60 plant species belonging to 26 families. Important crops significantly affected by L...

Developing a powder-form natural antioxidant additive involves utilizing polyphenols extracted from agro-industrial wastes (walnut green husk). This research explores chickpea proteins (CPP) as an emergent encapsulating agent to enhance the stability and shelf life of the antioxidant additive. This study aims to develop a natural antioxidant powder additive based on polyphenols obtained from walnut green husks encapsulated by chickpea protein (5%, 7.5%, and 10% w / v ) to evaluate their effect under storage at relative humidities (33 and 75% RH)...

The thermal storage performance, cost, and stability of phase-change materials (PCMs) are critical factors influencing their application in the field of thermal energy storage. Porous carbon, with its excellent support, thermal conductivity, and energy storage properties, is considered one of the most promising support matrix materials. However, the simple and efficient synthesis of high-performance and highly active bio-based materials under mild conditions still faces challenges. In our work, a novel method for preparing new functional composite phase-change materials based on enzyme treatment technology and using waste walnut green husk biomass and polyethylene glycol as raw materials was developed...

OBJECTIVE: We demonstrated in the randomized 18-month DIRECT PLUS trial (n=294) that a Mediterranean (MED) diet, supplemented with polyphenol-rich Mankai duckweed, green tea, and walnuts and restricted in red/processed meat, caused substantial intrahepatic fat (IHF%) loss compared with two other healthy diets, reducing NAFLD by half, regardless similar weight loss. Here, we investigated the baseline proteomic profile associated with IHF% and the changes in proteomics associated with IHF% changes induced by lifestyle intervention...

This article contains the results of identifying the potential of coniferous trees to act as bioinspiration for the structural design of columns in single-story warehouses subjected to high wind velocity and severe seismic action. This study starts by analyzing the biomechanics of coniferous trees, continues with an abstraction of the relevant features, and ends with the transfer of a design methodology for long reinforced and prestressed concrete columns. To verify the applicability and validity of the mathematical relationships extracted from the bibliographic study to characterize the biomechanics of coniferous trees, a study site is conducted for Norway spruce trees felled by the wind in the Bilbor area...

Walnuts undergo rigorous grading before being sold to customers. There are multiple parameters used for the grading, including skin lightness. Walnuts with light skin receive superior grades while walnuts with dark skin are given poor grades or even rejected. However, information on the quality and physicochemical properties of walnuts with varying skin lightness levels is minimal. Therefore, we studied the quality of kernels of varying skin lightness from three common cultivars grown in California, USA (Chandler, Howard, and Tulare)...

Xylem embolism is a significant factor in tree mortality. Restoration of hydraulic conductivity after massive embolisation of the vascular system requires the application of positive pressure to the vessels and/or the creation of new conductive elements. Some species generate positive pressure from the root system to propagate pressure in distal, aboveground, organs in spring, whereas other species generate positive pressure locally at the stem level during winter. We provide a mechanistic explanation for winter stem pressure build-up in the walnut tree...

PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Precision medicine has become important in the diagnosis and management of food allergies. This review summarizes the latest information regarding molecular allergology, an essential component of food allergy managements. RECENT FINDINGS: Component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) can be used to investigate sensitization to allergens based on symptoms and to reveal co-sensitization and/or cross-sensitization in patients with allergies. The following allergen components are known to be associated with symptoms: ovomucoid from eggs, omega-5 gliadin from wheat, and many storage proteins (Gly m 8 from soy, Ara h 2 from peanut, Cor a 14 from hazelnut, Ana o 3 from cashew nut, Jug r 1 from walnut, and Ses i 1 from sesame)...

Today, new energy sources alternative to fossil fuels are needed to meet the increasing energy demand. It is becoming increasingly important to constitute new energy sources from waste biomass through the liquefaction process. In this study, walnut shells (WS) were liquefied catalytically and non-catalytically under different parameters using the liquefaction method. In this process, the effect of silica fume/nano zero-valent iron (SF/NZVI) catalysts on the conversion rates was investigated. The catalyst was synthesized by reducing NZVI using a liquid phase chemical reduction method on SF...

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Coula edulis Baill (Coulaceae) is a common tree species in the Guineo-Congolian forests producing an edible fruit known as African walnut, which is an important food and income resource for rural populations. However, the species suffers from a deficit of natural regeneration. We developed here nuclear microsatellite markers for C. edulis to be able to study the genetic structure of its natural populations and gene flow. METHODS AND RESULTS: A genomic library was obtained using the Illumina platform, and 21 polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed...

Persian walnut (Juglans regia) and Manchurian walnut (Juglans mandshurica) belong to Juglandaceae, which are vulnerable, temperate deciduous perennial trees with high economical, ecological, and industrial values. 4-Coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL) plays an essential function in plant development, growth, and stress. Walnut production is challenged by diverse stresses, such as salinity, drought, and diseases. However, the characteristics and expression levels of 4CL gene family in Juglans species resistance and under salt stress are unknown...

A novel double-strand RNA (dsRNA) mycovirus, named "Colletotrichum fioriniae alternavirus1" (CfAV1), was isolated from the strain CX7 of Colletotrichum fioriniae, the causal agent of walnut anthracnose. The complete genome of CfAV1 is composed of three dsRNA segments: dsRNA1 (3528 bp), dsRNA2 (2485 bp), and dsRNA3 (2481 bp). The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is encoded by dsRNA1, while both dsRNA2 and dsRNA3 encode hypothetical proteins. Based on multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis, CfAV1 is identified as a new member of the family Alternaviridae...

Walnut kernels are prone to oxidation and rancidity due to their rich lipid composition, but the existing evaluation indicators are not sensitive enough to promote their industrial development. This study aims to investigate the potential markers in oxidative rancidity walnut kernels using lipidomics and volatolomics. The results showed that the antioxidant capacity of walnut kernels significantly decreased after oxidation, with the decreasing of total phenolic content from 36276.34 mg GAE/kg to 31281...

Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) is a widely cultivated plant in China, and the fruit lotus variety has a high economic value attributed to the exquisite flavor of its fresh seeds. During the summer of 2023, an unidentified blight was observed affecting lotus seedpods in Jiande City, Zhejiang province, with approximately 65% of seedpods impacted in a 130-hectare area. The initial symptoms included dark purple spots on the lotus seedpod surface, which gradually expanded over time. After 5 to 7 days, the entire seedpod turned black, withering, and rendering the lotus seeds inedible...

The prevalence of food allergy has increased in some regions of the world, and with it the incidence, according to geographical variability, in the phenotype and clinical manifestations. Food allergy arises from the specific immune response induced by exposure to the proteins of a certain food. Food intolerance refers to non-immune reactions, caused by unique physiological characteristics of the individual, including metabolic, toxic, pharmacological and undefined mechanisms. Adverse reactions to foods are classified as: IgE-mediated: Type I Hypersensitivity, non-IgE-mediated: Type IV Hypersensitivity, mixed: Types I and IV Hypersensitivity Non-Allergic; toxic, pharmacological, metabolic, intolerances...

Food allergy is very common throughout the world and has become a major public health problem, with 220 million people suffering from it. Food allergy has been disproportionately observed in people from industrialized or Western countries and was previously considered to predominate in the pediatric versus adult population. However, the current exponential growth of the adult population and older adults, especially in Western countries, and environmental and lifestyle changes, have profoundly changed the epidemiology of food allergy, with a growing increase even at advanced ages...

BACKGROUND: Nuts and seeds are among the leading causes of food allergy. Effective food allergy management hinges on the ability to identify and avoid relevant foods. AIM: To evaluate the nut/seed recognition ability in both children and mothers. METHODS: Primary caregivers (mothers) and their children (6-18 years old) with/without food allergies were shown photographs of nuts/seeds, and their products with visible/hidden allergens to assess their ability to recognize accurately...

Nematode population densities were determined in 60 soil and root samples collected from 6 fruit orchards in the Bilecik province (western Turkey), between April 2022 and June 2022. The total number of identified nematodes have reached up to 2418 individuals (number of female: 1036; male: 154; and juvenile: 1228). They belong to 54 species, 54 genera, 33 families and 11 orders. Plant parasitic nematodes that were detected mostly are listed as follows: Helicotylenchus (6,12 %), Pratylenchus (5,74 %), Paratylenchus (4...

Juglans sigillata Dode is one of the important tree species in southwest China, and it has significant economic and ecological value. However, there is still a lack of effective methods to identify the functional genes of J. sigillata. By verifying the model plant tobacco, the pTRV2::JsPDS vector was able to cause photobleaching. This study showed that photobleaching occurred 24 and 30 d after the silencing vector was infected with aseptic seedlings and fruits of J. sigillata, respectively. When the OD600 was 0...