Patrick B Mark, Pantelis Sarafidis, Robert Ekart, Charles J Ferro, Olga Balafa, Beatriz Fernandez-Fernandez, William G Herrington, Patrick Rossignol, Lucia Del Vecchio, Jose M Valdivielso, Francesca Mallamaci, Alberto Ortiz, Ionut Nistor, Mario Cozzolino
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health issue affecting an estimated 850 million people globally. The leading causes of CKD is diabetes and hypertension, which together account for more than 50% of patients with end-stage kidney disease. Progressive CKD leads to the requirement for kidney replacement therapy with transplantation or dialysis. In addition, CKD, is a risk factor for premature cardiovascular disease, particularly from structural heart disease and heart failure (HF). Until 2015, the mainstay of treatment to slow progression of both diabetic and many non-diabetic kidney diseases was blood pressure control and renin-angiotensin system inhibition; however, neither angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) nor angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) reduced cardiovascular events and mortality in major trials in CKD...
May 25, 2023: Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation