keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38217538/nonneoplastic-pathology-of-the-appendix-a-review-article-based-on-the-recent-literature
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sanjay A Pai, Rifat Mannan
OBJECTIVES: The appendix, although considered a vestigial organ, is of considerable clinical importance because acute appendicitis is a common medical problem. There are also other disease processes involving the appendix. The appendix is among the first specimens that the pathologist (and surgeon) cuts one's teeth on. Thus, there may be a tendency to underestimate the clinically and prognostically significant appendiceal pathologies. METHODS: We provide a vade mecum of the pathologic features of a wide range of nonneoplastic appendiceal pathologies, with an emphasis on developing a practical approach to grossing, microscopy, and reporting-all with clinical and therapeutic implications...
January 13, 2024: American Journal of Clinical Pathology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38169722/cerebellar-cognitive-affective-syndrome-secondary-to-epstein-barr-virus-infection-a-case-report
#22
José Carlos Medina-Rodríguez
Throughout history, the cerebellum was initially perceived as potentially vestigial until the 19th century. However, subsequent research illuminated its pivotal role in coordination. Over the course of the 20th century, it became predominantly associated with motor functions. Nevertheless, in the latter half of the century, Schmahmann's pioneering research expanded the understanding of the cerebellum to encompass its involvement in cognition and emotions. In light of this evolving background, the primary objective of this paper is to present a clinical case featuring a 60-year-old male with a history of Epstein-Barr virus...
December 2023: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38155744/surgical-management-of-sirenomelia-a-case-study
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Neel D Bhagat, Aadarsh Patel, Jeffrey N Gross, Gregory H Borschel
BACKGROUND: Sirenomelia is a rare congenital condition characterized by fusion of the lower limbs. Patients with sirenomelia generally do not survive long after birth because the condition is associated with multisystem organ dysfunction due to developmental anomalies. Considering the low incidence and few cases surviving the neonatal period, there is minimal understanding regarding the surgical management of sirenomelia. We present a unique case of an infant born with type 1 sirenomelia, absence of external genitalia, presence of a cloaca, absence of the bladder, and presence of an imperforate and vestigial anus, who not only survived the birth process, but, at the age of 11 months, was determined to be a candidate for surgical separation of the lower extremities...
September 2023: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38040764/charge-4e-superconductivity-and-chiral-metal-in-45%C3%A2-twisted-bilayer-cuprates-and-related-bilayers
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yu-Bo Liu, Jing Zhou, Congjun Wu, Fan Yang
The material realization of charge-4e/6e superconductivity (SC) is a big challenge. Here, we propose to realize charge-4e SC in maximally-twisted homobilayers, such as 45∘ -twisted bilayer cuprates and 30∘ -twisted bilayer graphene, referred to as twist-bilayer quasicrystals (TB-QC). When each monolayer hosts a pairing state with the largest pairing angular momentum, previous studies have found that the second-order interlayer Josephson coupling would drive chiral topological SC (TSC) in the TB-QC...
December 1, 2023: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38007298/morphological-and-histological-evaluation-of-the-tendon-bone-junction-in-porcine-shoulders-to-create-a-rotator-cuff-tear-and-repair-model
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hideyuki Sasanuma, Tsuneari Takahashi, Shigeo Kawai, Akihiro Saitsu, Wataru Kurashina, Yuki Iijima, Tomohiro Saito, Katsushi Takeshita
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to morphologically and histologically examine whether pig is useful as models for rotator cuff tear (RCT). METHODS: The morphology of the scapula and humerus bones was evaluated by taking X-ray and three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) scans of the right shoulders of five female pigs (age: 4 months). The rotator cuff (RC) footprint at the humeral insertion of these was observed and its shape was measured. Next, they underwent general anesthesia and an acute rotator cuff tear/rotator cuff repair (RCT/RCR) model was created using a deltoid split approach...
November 24, 2023: Journal of Orthopaedic Science: Official Journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38002961/three-blind-moles-molecular-evolutionary-insights-on-the-tempo-and-mode-of-convergent-eye-degeneration-in-notoryctes-typhlops-southern-marsupial-mole-and-two-chrysochlorids-golden-moles
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mark S Springer, Christopher A Emerling, John Gatesy
Golden moles (Chrysochloridae) and marsupial moles (Notoryctidae) are textbook examples of convergent evolution. Both taxa are highly adapted to subterranean lifestyles and have powerful limbs for digging through the soil/sand, ears that are adapted for low-frequency hearing, vestigial eyes that are covered by skin and fur, and the absence of optic nerve connections between the eyes and the brain. The eyes of marsupial moles also lack a lens as well as retinal rods and cones. Two hypotheses have been proposed to account for the greater degeneracy of the eyes of marsupial moles than golden moles...
October 28, 2023: Genes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37979724/evolution-and-molecular-mechanisms-of-wing-plasticity-in-aphids
#27
REVIEW
Kevin D Deem, Lauren Gregory, Xiaomi Liu, Omid Saleh Ziabari, Jennifer A Brisson
Aphids present a fascinating example of phenotypic plasticity, in which a single genotype can produce dramatically different winged and wingless phenotypes that are specialized for dispersal versus reproduction, respectively. Recent work has examined many aspects of this plasticity, including its evolution, molecular control mechanisms, and genetic variation underlying the trait. In particular, exciting discoveries have been made about the signaling pathways that are responsible for controlling the production of winged versus wingless morphs, including ecdysone, dopamine, and insulin signaling, and about how specific genes such as repressed by TOR and vestigial are regulated to control winglessness...
November 16, 2023: Current Opinion in Insect Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37961324/myogenic-artifacts-masquerade-as-neuroplasticity-in-the-auditory-frequency-following-response-ffr
#28
Gavin M Bidelman, Alexandria Sisson, Rose Rizzi, Jessica MacLean, Kaitlin Baer
The frequency-following response (FFR) is an evoked potential that provides a "neural fingerprint" of complex sound encoding in the brain. FFRs have been widely used to characterize speech and music processing, experience-dependent neuroplasticity (e.g., learning, musicianship), and biomarkers for hearing and language-based disorders that distort receptive communication abilities. It is widely assumed FFRs stem from a mixture of phase-locked neurogenic activity from brainstem and cortical structures along the hearing neuraxis...
November 1, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37957936/a-three-headed-plantaris-muscle-fused-with-kaplan-fibers-potential-clinical-significance
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Krystian Maślanka, Nicol Zielinska, Friedrich Paulsen, Małgorzata Niemiec, Łukasz Olewnik
The plantaris is a short, small muscle that usually originates at the popliteal surface of the femur and has a long, thin tendon that typically inserts into the calcaneal tuberosity. Its role and degree of development have been objects of debate for years. Some authors consider it a vestigial muscle while others believe it is a process of its development. The clinical significance of plantaris muscle is usually related to its morphological variation, which is common and well described in the literature. These variations are often a risk factor for many ailments and disorders...
November 14, 2023: Folia Morphologica (Warsz)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37921465/hypoxia-sensing-vgll4-promotes-ldha-driven-lactate-production-to-ameliorate-neuronal-dysfunction-in-a-cellular-model-relevant-to-alzheimer-s-disease
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qiuyun Tian, Junjie Li, Bin Wu, Jiaojiao Wang, Qian Xiao, Na Tian, Lilin Yi, Man Luo, Zhaolun Li, Yayan Pang, Xiuyu Shi, Zhifang Dong
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease where abnormal amyloidogenic processing of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) occurs and has been linked to neuronal dysfunction. Hypometabolism of glucose in the brain can lead to synaptic loss and neuronal death, which in turn exacerbates energy deficiency and amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) accumulation. Lactate produced by anaerobic glycolysis serves as an energy substrate supporting neuronal function and facilitating neuronal repair. Vestigial-like family member 4 (VGLL4) has been recognized as a key regulator of the hypoxia-sensing pathway...
December 2023: FASEB Journal: Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37865532/a-short-history-of-nasal-polyposis
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
L de Gabory, D Portmann, M Kérimian
Nasal polyposis was initially considered a tumor, but came to be seen as a chronic inflammatory mucosal disease during the second half of the 20th century. Although pathogenesis remains unclear, this has not prevented progress in diagnosis and treatment, both surgical and medical, based on the hypotheses of chronic rhinosinusitis with type-2 inflammation and autoimmune inflammation maintained by the vestigial olfactory mucosa of the ethmoid.
October 19, 2023: European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37840843/-n-amino-pyridinium-salts-in-organic-synthesis
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pritam Roychowdhury, Samya Samanta, Hao Tan, David C Powers
C-N bond forming reactions hold immense significance to synthetic organic chemistry. In pursuit of efficient methods for the introduction of nitrogen in organic small molecules, myriad synthetic methods have been developed, and methods based on both nucleophilic and electrophilic aminating reagents have received sustained research effort. In response to continued challenges - the need for substrate prefunctionalization, the requirement for vestigial N -activating groups, and the need to incorporate nitrogen in ever more complex molecular settings - the development of novel aminating reagents remains a central challenge in method development...
May 21, 2023: Organic Chemistry Frontiers: An International Journal of Organic Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37830146/assessment-of-vestigial-auriculomotor-activity-to-acoustic-stimuli-using-electrodes-in-and-around-the-ear
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andreas Schroeer, Martin Rune Andersen, Mike Lind Rank, Ronny Hannemann, Eline Borch Petersen, Filip Marchman Rønne, Daniel J Strauss, Farah I Corona-Strauss
Recently, it has been demonstrated that electromyographic (EMG) activity of auricular muscles in humans, especially the postauricular muscle (PAM), depends on the spatial location of auditory stimuli. This observation has only been shown using wet electrodes placed directly on auricular muscles. To move towards a more applied, out-of-the-laboratory setting, this study aims to investigate if similar results can be obtained using electrodes placed in custom-fitted earpieces. Furthermore, with the exception of the ground electrode, only dry-contact electrodes were used to record EMG signals, which require little to no skin preparation and can therefore be applied extremely fast...
2023: Trends in Hearing
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37815908/disruption-of-dopamine-homeostasis-associated-with-alteration-of-proteins-in-synaptic-vesicles-a-putative-central-mechanism-of-parkinson-s-disease-pathogenesis
#34
REVIEW
Xuanxiang Jin, Xiaoli Si, Xiaoguang Lei, Huifang Liu, Anwen Shao, Lingfei Li
Vestigial dopaminergic cells in PD have selectivity for a sub-class of hypersensitive neurons with the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) tract. DA is modulated in pre-synaptic nerve terminals to remain stable. To be specific, proteins at DA release sites that have a function of synthesizing and packing DA in cytoplasm, modulating release and reingestion, and changing excitability of neurons, display regional discrepancies that uncover relevancy of the observed sensitivity to neurodegenerative changes. Although the reasons of a majority of PD cases are still indistinct, heredity and environment are known to us to make significant influences...
September 29, 2023: Aging and Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37808583/mesonephric-cyst-endometrioma-surgical-management-of-an-atypical-site-endometriosis
#35
Ripal Madnani, Sandip Sonara
OBJECTIVES: Endometriosis originating in mesonephric cyst is unusual and with unknown prevalence. Endometriotic lesion in vestigial remnant of wolffian duct (mesonephric cyst) is exceptional. In the extended literature review only three cases have been reported in animal studies, and our case reported here is the first in human beings. We present a case of mesonephric cyst endometrioma in a 37-year-old patient who was referred for severe dysmenorrhea, long duration pelvic and back pain, subfertility, severe dyspareunia, and groin discomfort...
2023: CRSLS: MIS case reports from SLS
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37792451/a-histological-study-of-the-adult-ligamentum-arteriosum-novel-findings-with-application-to-a-patent-ductus-arteriosus
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joe Iwanaga, Humza Choudhury, Aaron Yu, Katsuhisa Matsuo, Hotaka Kawai, Aya Han, Yoko Tabira, Tsuyoshi Saga, Koichi Watanabe, Marios Loukas, R Shane Tubbs
The ligamentum arteriosum (LA) is the vestigial fibrous remnant of the ductus arteriosus (DA), a fetal vessel arising from the left dorsal segment of the sixth aortic arch that connects the left pulmonary artery to the aortic arch. Incomplete obliteration of the DA results in a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), causing the shunting of oxygen-rich blood to recirculate to the lungs, which can lead to pulmonary hypertension. The current study aims to further elucidate the structural characteristics of the LA via histological analysis with data gathered from adult cadaveric specimens...
October 4, 2023: Clinical Anatomy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37747678/detection-of-sensitivity-and-vestigiality-of-presumptive-tests-for-swabbed-blood-stains
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kara L Jaremko, Abigail Pitts, Alexandra Hascall, Alison Briskie, Brenna Redmond, Deep Kaur, Grace Curtis, Hannah LaVena, John West, Peixuan Du, Sheena Hernandez, Deborah S B S Silva
It is a common practice in forensic casework to use presumptive tests for blood stains before DNA extraction and testing. Stains are usually swabbed and then the swabs are sent for analysis. The Kastle-Meyer (KM) and Leucomalachite green (LMG) presumptive tests for blood are widely used, and their sensitivities have been thoroughly tested in the literature in solution and directly on stains, but not on swabbed stains to mimic casework. In this study, the sensitivity of the KM and LMG tests was tested on eight blood dilutions on cotton fabric and ceramic tile that were stained and subsequently swabbed...
September 25, 2023: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37725257/phytohormones-regulate-asexual-toxoplasma-gondii-replication
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tina Wagner, Berit Bangoura, Stefanie Wiedmer, Arwid Daugschies, Ildiko Rita Dunay
The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a zoonotic disease agent causing systemic infection in warm-blooded intermediate hosts including humans. During the acute infection, the parasite infects host cells and multiplies intracellularly in the asexual tachyzoite stage. In this stage of the life cycle, invasion, multiplication, and egress are the most critical events in parasite replication. T. gondii features diverse cell organelles to support these processes, including the apicoplast, an endosymbiont-derived vestigial plastid originating from an alga ancestor...
September 19, 2023: Parasitology Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37702007/polycomb-safeguards-imaginal-disc-specification-through-control-of-the-vestigial-scalloped-complex
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Haley E Brown, Brandon P Weasner, Bonnie M Weasner, Justin P Kumar
A fundamental goal of developmental biology is to understand how cell and tissue fates are specified. The imaginal discs of Drosophila are excellent model systems for addressing this paradigm as their fate can be redirected when discs regenerate after injury or when key selector genes are mis-regulated. Here, we show that when Polycomb expression is reduced, the wing selector gene vestigial is ectopically activated. This leads to the inappropriate formation of the Vestigial-Scalloped complex which forces the eye to transform into a wing...
September 13, 2023: Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37679330/unexpected-worker-mating-and-colony-founding-in-a-superorganism
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mingsheng Zhuang, Thomas J Colgan, Yulong Guo, Zhengyi Zhang, Fugang Liu, Zhongyan Xia, Xueyan Dai, Zhihao Zhang, Yuanjian Li, Liuhao Wang, Jin Xu, Yueqin Guo, Yingping Qu, Jun Yao, Huipeng Yang, Fan Yang, Xiaoying Li, Jun Guo, Mark J F Brown, Jilian Li
The emergence of caste-differentiated colonies, which have been defined as 'superorganisms', in ants, bees, and wasps represents a major transition in evolution. Lifetime mating commitment by queens, pre-imaginal caste determination and lifetime unmatedness of workers are key features of these animal societies. Workers in superorganismal species like honey bees and many ants have consequently lost, or retain only vestigial spermathecal structures. However, bumble bee workers retain complete spermathecae despite 25-40 million years since their origin of superorganismality, which remains an evolutionary mystery...
September 7, 2023: Nature Communications
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