dexmedetomedin

Background: Dexmedetomidine (DEX), an adjuvant anesthetic, may improve the clinical outcomes of liver transplantation (LT). Methods: We summarized the relevant clinical trials of DEX in patients undergoing LT. As of 30 January 2023, we searched The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Clinical Trial.gov and the WHO ICTRP. The main outcomes were postoperative liver and renal function. The random effect model or fixed effect model was used to summarize the outcomes across centers based on the differences in heterogeneity...

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The clinical approach to sedation in critically ill patients has changed dramatically over the last two decades, moving to a regimen of light or non-sedation associated with adequate analgesia to guarantee the patient's comfort, active interaction with the environment and family, and early mobilization and assessment of delirium. Although deep sedation (DS) may still be necessary for certain clinical scenarios, it should be limited to strict indications, such as mechanically ventilated patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), status epilepticus, intracranial hypertension, or those requiring target temperature management...

BACKGROUND: Renal transplant surgical proceedings are known to elicit periods of hypoxia and consequent blood flow reestablishment triggering ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. Kidney damage induced by I-R injury associates with a higher risk of graft dysfunction and rejection. Anesthetic preconditioning exerts a beneficial effect on I-R injury by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. However, the degree of renoprotection stimulated by commonly used anesthetics, as well as their mechanisms of action, are largely unknown...

BACKGROUND: Prolonging postoperative analgesia using various adjuvants has become a trend in regional anesthesia practice. There are literally no studies where different routes of dexmedetomidine have been compared in supraclavicular block. We compared perineural dexmedetomidine and intravenous (i.v.) dexmedetomidine when used as an adjuvant with levobupivacaine using a nerve stimulator-guided supraclavicular block. METHODOLOGY: Sixty patients of either sex, aged between 18 and 60 years, belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classes I and II posted for upper limb surgeries under supraclavicular brachial plexus block were enrolled for a prospective observational study...

BACKGROUND: Spinal anesthesia is the common choice for anesthesia in lower abdomen surgery and intrathecal adjutants have gained popularity with the aim of prolonging the duration of block, quality of block and post operation pain control. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding dexmedetomidine to hyperbaric bupivacaine in lower abdominal surgery under spinal anesthesia. The main outcomes were considered pain score, duration of analgesia, hemodynamic changes and adverse side effects like nausea and vomiting...

BACKGROUND: Knee arthroscopy has both diagnostic and therapeutic applications which can be performed under general, regional, or local anesthesia. Morphine is used as an additive to local anesthetics. Dexmedetomedine, the highly selective alpha-2 (α2)-adrenoceptor agonist with the sedative and analgesic effect can be used also to augment local anesthetic effect. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty patients submitted for elective knee arthroscopy whose age between 25 and 45 years, of either sex, the American society of anethesiologists physical status Classes I and II at a university hospital were enrolled in this study...

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate whether dexmedetomidine had sedative weaning advantage for extubation after airway foreign body (FB) removal in children. METHODS: A retrospective case-cohort comparison study with total of 57 critical children who required mechanical ventilation after rigid bronchoscopy was performed. After tracheal intubation, group D (received dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg over 10 min, followed by an infusion of 0.8 µg/kg/h), and group RP (received remifentanil-propofol 6-10 µg/kg/h and 1-3 mg/kg/h, respectively)...

BACKGROUND: The most common surgical procedure for breast cancer is the modified radical mastectomy (MRM), but it is associated with significant postoperative pain. Regional anesthesia can reduce the stress response associated with surgical trauma. OBJECTIVES: Our aim is to explore the efficacy of 1 µg/kg dexmedetomedine added to an ultrasound (US)-modified pectoral (Pecs) block on postoperative pain and stress response in patients undergoing MRM. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized, double-blind, prospective study...

BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine, a selective α 2 -adrenoreceptor agonist, has unique characteristics, with little respiratory depression and rousability during sedations. We characterized the haemodynamic properties of dexmedetomidine by developing a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) model with a focus on changes in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate. METHODS: Dexmedetomidine was delivered i.v. to 18 healthy volunteers in a step-up fashion by target-controlled infusion using the Dyck model...

Cross-sectional imaging of the heart utilizing computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown to be superior for the evaluation of cardiac morphology and systolic function in humans compared to echocardiography. The purpose of this prospective study was to test the effects of two different anesthetic protocols on cardiac measurements in 10 healthy beagle dogs using 64-multidetector row computed tomographic angiography (64-MDCTA), 3T magnetic resonance (MRI) and standard awake echocardiography...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for extrathoracic upper-airway obstruction after pediatric cardiac surgery. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective chart review was performed on 213 patients younger than 18 years of age who recovered from cardiac surgery in our multidisciplinary intensive care unit in 2012. Clinically significant upper-airway obstruction was defined as postextubation stridor with at least one of the following: receiving more than 2 corticosteroid doses, receiving helium-oxygen therapy, or reintubation...

For the last thirty years, oral chloral hydrate has been used for sedation of infants for lung function testing. Recently, however, availability of chloral hydrate became severely limited in the United States after two manufacturers discontinued manufacturing in 2012. Due to these limitations and the recent and ongoing shortage of chloral hydrate, other medications have been proposed for lung function testing, including midazolam and propofol. Herein, we describe our limited experience using intravenous dexmedetomedine (DMED), a medication thus far described as having minimal effect on pulmonary function or respiratory drive...

BACKGROUND: Propofol (PRO) and dexmedetomidine (DEX) are commonly used to produce anesthesia and sedation for routine MRI procedures. Children with complex conditions often require much lengthy MRI for multi-body-part scans with frequent scanner coil changes and patient body reposition. This study compared PRO and DEX techniques on outcomes for the particular MRI setting with longer than 1 h duration. METHODS: 95 children, aged from 1 to 7 years, scheduled for MRI >75 min were randomly assigned to PRO or DEX group...

The study aims to evaluate the efficacy of two doses of dexmedetomidine for sedation during awake fiberoptic intubation (AFOI). The study was designed in a prospective, randomized, double-blinded manner and carried out in an academic medical university. Forty young co-operative patients aged 15-45 years of either sex belonging to ASA class I-II, planned for elective maxillo-facial surgery formed the study group. All patients received midazolam 0.05 mg/kg, glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg, ondansetron 4 mg, and ranitidine 50 mg IV 15 min before as premedication, oxygen by nasal cannula, and topical local anesthetics to the airway...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Dexmedetomedine is a potent alpha 2 adrenergic agonist which can reduce anesthetic requirements by over 90% in rats and dogs. This study examined the effects of various doses of dexmedetomidine on the following monitored variables in New Zealand white rabbits: arterial blood gases, mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate, heart rate, and level of sedation. Following the percutaneous insertion of arterial and venous catheters, 21 rabbits received an infusion of saline or dexmedetomidine (20, 80 or 320 micrograms/kg)...