asthma review

OBJECTIVES: To identify, describe and synthesise the views and experiences of adults living with asthma regarding shared decision-making (SDM) in the existing qualitative literature METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search of 10 databases (list databases) from inception until September 2023. Screening was performed according to inclusion criteria. Tools from the Joanna Briggs lnstitute were utilised for the purposes of data extraction and synthesis in this study. The data extraction process in this study employed the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation Model of Behaviour (COM-B model) as a framework, and a pragmatic meta-aggregative approach was employed to synthesise the collected results...

INTRODUCTION: The use of pressurised metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) and asthma exacerbations necessitating healthcare reviews contribute substantially to the global carbon footprint of healthcare. It is possible that a reduction in carbon footprint could be achieved by switching patients with mild asthma from salbutamol pMDI reliever therapy to inhaled corticosteroid-formoterol dry powder inhaler (DPI) reliever therapy, as recommended by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). METHODS: This post hoc analysis included all 668 adult participants in the Novel START trial, who were randomised 1:1:1 to treatment with: as-needed budesonide-formoterol DPI, as-needed salbutamol pMDI, or maintenance budesonide DPI plus as-needed salbutamol pMDI...

Asthma is a chronic, heterogeneous disease of the airways, often characterised by structural changes known collectively as airway remodelling. In response to environmental insults, including pathogens, allergens and pollutants, the epithelium can initiate remodelling via an inflammatory cascade involving a variety of mediators that have downstream effects on both structural and immune cells. These mediators include the epithelial cytokines thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin 33 and interleukin 25, which facilitate airway remodelling through cross-talk between epithelial cells and fibroblasts, and between mast cells and airway smooth muscle cells, as well as through signalling with immune cells like macrophages...

OBJECTIVES: To review the available evidence on the use and effectiveness of mobile applications to assist nursing students in comprehending, utilising, and applying specialised language and knowledge terminologies when learning the language of biosciences. DESIGN: A scoping review. DATA SOURCES: The databases CINAHL Complete, ERIC, EMCare, MEDLINE, PubMed, the OVID scholarly interface and the web search engine Google Scholar were searched...

Managing asthma during pregnancy is crucial for both the mother and the developing child. Adequate control lowers risks as do continuation of prescribed medication and maintaining of regular check-ups. Signs of deterioration should not be ignored and treating asthma during pregnancy should follow guidelines for non-pregnant women with asthma as described in this review. Effective medication and counseling are essential for a safe pregnancy, emphasizing that well-controlled asthma is key.

In the last 30 years, the treatment of obstructive lung diseases, such as asthma and COPD, has seen significant advancements. Introduction of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and, more recently, biological treatments has revolutionized care. Biological treatments are very successful in severe asthma and are expected to be approved for COPD soon. Systematic assessment and multidimensional treatment approaches are crucial in both conditions. Future care may involve specialized centres for severe obstructive lung diseases, focusing on personalized approaches and monitoring, as argued in this review...

BACKGROUND: Regular clinical reviews of people with COPD provide an opportunity to optimise management and are recommended in national and international guidelines. However, there are limited data about the relationship between having an annual review and other aspects of care quality, which might influence decision-making by healthcare professionals and commissioners. METHOD: Using data from 74 827 people with COPD completing the Asthma+Lung UK COPD Patient Passport, between 2014 and 2022, we conducted adjusted logistic regression (adjusting for year) and compared receipt of key items of care between those reporting that they had had an annual review (65...

The use of biotherapies has revolutionized the management of severe asthma. Following a review of asthma pathophysiology, which underpins the development of these new molecules, this article discusses the different types of remission in childhood and adult asthma. The possibilities of achieving remission with each biotherapy and the factors that predict remission will then be developed. Finally, we'll discuss the chances of maintaining good control of the disease after discontinuation of biotherapies, as well as their contribution in terms of systemic and local cortisone sparing...

Elevated eosinophil counts are associated with various diseases, including eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). EGPA is a rare small-vessel vasculitis characterized by asthma, eosinophilia, fleeting pulmonary infiltrates, and systemic manifestations. ABPA, initiated by immune reactions against Aspergillus fumigatus in the airways, presents with poorly controlled asthma, wheezing, hemoptysis, productive cough, and systemic symptoms, which result in characteristic central bronchiectasis...

PURPOSE: Immunoglobulin replacement therapy is a standard treatment for patients with antibody production deficiencies, which is of interest in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This systematic review, registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021281118), assessed the current literature regarding immunoglobulin replacement therapy on COPD clinical outcomes in patients with low immunoglobulin G (IgG) serum concentrations. METHODS: Literature searches conducted from inception to August 23, 2021, in databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL...

AIM: To explore children and young people's (CYP) (5-24 years of age) self-reported experiences of asthma self-management strategies (ASMS) with nursing involvement across various settings. BACKGROUND: Childhood asthma is an increasingly significant health issue, highlighting the importance of acquiring self-management skills to optimise future health outcomes. Registered nurses play a pivotal role in delivering appropriate, personalized self-management support...

BACKGROUND: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) is often characterized by a severe course of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), comorbid asthma, and NSAID hypersensitivity. The gold standard for N-ERD diagnosis is challenge with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). In expert recommendations, the diagnosis of N-ERD is established based on a plausible positive history of NSAID hypersensitivity and CRSwNP with asthma. OBJECTIVE: The following review describes the performance of ASA challenges and their sensitivity and specificity...

PURPOSE: Real-world evidence of benralizumab effectiveness on nasal polyps (NP) and asthma outcomes in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) and comorbid chronic rhinosinusitis with NP are limited. The objective of this study was to assess NP and asthma outcomes in benralizumab-treated patients with SEA and comorbid NP in a real-world setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: RANS was a retrospective, multi-country observational study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05180357) using medical chart reviews of adults with SEA and comorbid NP...

Eosinophilic inflammation is primarily characterized by type 2 immune responses against parasitic organisms. In the contemporary human being especially in developed countries, eosinophilic inflammation is strongly associated with allergic/sterile inflammation, and constitutes an undesired immune reaction. This situation is in stark contrast to neutrophilic inflammation, which is indispensable for the host defense against bacterial infections. Among eosinophilic inflammatory disorders, massive accumulation of eosinophils within mucus is observed in certain cases, and is often linked to the distinctive clinical finding of mucus with high viscosity...

INTRODUCTION: Definitions of moderate asthma exacerbation have been inconsistent, making their economic burden difficult to assess. An algorithm to accurately identify moderate exacerbations from claims data is needed. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of Reliant Medical Group patients aged ≥18 years, with ≥1 prescription claim for inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β2 -agonist, and ≥1 medical claim with a diagnosis code for asthma was conducted...

The efficacy and safety of preventive allergen immunotherapy (pAIT) in children are currently under investigation. Here, we provide an overview of pAIT with respiratory allergens concerning the prevention of new sensitizations, allergic disease onset and progression as well as further immunomodulatory effects. Three databases were searched for clinical pAIT studies in children. Selected publications were reviewed for preventive outcomes according to prevention level (primary, secondary, and tertiary), allergen type, administration route, dose, and treatment duration...

Despite the widely recommended usage of partially or extensively hydrolyzed milk protein formula (PHF or EHF) for preventing allergic diseases (ADs), clinical studies have been inconclusive regarding their efficacy compared with cow's milk formula (CMF) or breast milk (BM). We aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of PHF or EHF versus CMF or BM on the risk of ADs (cow's milk allergy, allergic rhinitis, eczema, asthma, wheeze, food allergy, and sensitization) in children. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for clinical trials published from inception to October 21st, 2022...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a rare multisystemic condition characterized by asthma, blood and tissue eosinophilia, and vasculitis. The purpose of this work is to present a detailed overview of CSS, focusing on its epidemiology, clinical symptoms, histological criteria, gastrointestinal involvement, and therapy. CASE PRESENTATION: The authors report a case of a 40-year-old woman with CSS who had peripheral eosinophilia, small vessel vasculitis, and bronchial asthma...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) has been found to have some interesting association with vaccinations. This paper mainly focuses on exploring different associations between COVID-19 vaccination and GBS. METHODS: Electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Embase were searched using MESH terms for case reports published till 1 August 2023 from which 70 case reports were documented involving 103 individuals from 23 different countries...

The health risks of smoking are widely known, but the impact of secondhand smoke on children and adolescents is often underestimated. Despite efforts to reduce smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke remains a significant public health concern, especially for young individuals. This systematic review aims to explore the health impacts of secondhand smoking on children and adolescents. Following PRISMA guidelines, 18 eligible studies from 8 countries published between 2015 and 2023 were identified through PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases...