Pancreas calculi

BACKGROUND Pancreatic calculi (PC) or pancreatolithiasis refers to the presence of stones in the main pancreatic duct (MPD), side branches, or parenchyma of the pancreas. It is highly associated with chronic pancreatitis (CP), and is present in 50-90% of those patients. The stone formation can be attributed to a diversity of factors, all of them leading to obstruction in the duct, hypertension of its distal part, increased intraductal and parenchymal pressure, and inflammation, causing the standard symptom, epigastric pain...

Pancreatic divisum, a rare developmental anomaly of the pancreas, is infrequently observed in young individuals and is a recognized cause of recurrent acute pancreatitis, ultimately progressing to chronic pancreatitis. Chronic alcoholism is a prevalent and significant etiological factor contributing to both recurrent acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis. This case report details the presentation of a 28-year-old patient with a history of chronic alcoholism, exhibiting recurrent acute pancreatitis evolving into chronic pancreatitis...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Chronic pancreatitis is a slow, irreversible, and progressive inflammatory condition with abdominal pain, loss of parenchyma, fibrosis, and calculus formation. It also causes loss of exocrine and endocrine function. Gallstones and alcohol is the most frequent cause of chronic pancreatitis. It is also caused by other factors, including oxidative stress, fibrosis, and repeated incidence of acute pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis is followed by several sequelae, one of them being formation of calculi in the pancreas...

Fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes is a unique variant of diabetes mellitus and also known as type 3c diabetes mellitus. It is related to the patient who is young, non-alcoholic and belonging predominantly from the tropical region. It is a severe form of diabetes which can also be linked to the fact that it predisposes to malignancy.1 Among the variants of diabetes that we commonly encounter, fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes has been rarely diagnosed in the developing countries. With the advancement of diagnostic capacity, it can be identified clinically and managed efficiently...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze treatment outcomes in patients with various forms of chronic pancreatitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed 434 patients with chronic pancreatitis. These ones underwent 2879 different examinations to determine morphological type of pancreatitis and dynamics of pathological process, as well as substantiate treatment strategy and functional monitoring of various organs and systems. Morphological type A (Buchler et al. 2002) was present in 51...

A 44-year-old man with a history of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis and Crohn's disease presented with abdominal pain. Computed tomography revealed pancreatic calculi in the head of the pancreas and a dilated pancreatic duct. The patient was diagnosed with an acute exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis due to the impact of pancreatic calculi on the main pancreatic duct. During the clinical course, the movement of pancreatic calculi to the major papilla was confirmed, leading to obstructive jaundice. Endoscopic treatment with sphincterotomy of the pancreatic duct was successful...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Tropical chronic pancreatitis (TCP) is common in developing countries and is defined as a juvenile form of chronic calcific non-alcoholic pancreatitis. Pseudocysts occur in 20-40% of chronic pancreatitis. TCP with pseudocyst has not been reported yet, so we represent this rare case to broaden the horizons regarding pancreatitis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 16-year-old woman suffered a painful lump in the upper abdomen. She came from a low-income family and frequently consumed cassava...

Renal replacement lipomatosis of the kidney is a rare, benign entity in which extensive fibrofatty proliferation of the renal sinus is associated with marked atrophy of the renal parenchyma. It is often associated with calculi or long-standing inflammation. This entity may be confused with a fatty neoplasm of the kidney. A 51-year-old woman with a past medical history of pancreas transplant for type 1 diabetes subsequently developed ureteral stricture. This was initially managed by a nephrostomy tube and nephroureterostomy stenting with periodic exchanges to help restore urine flow; however, the renal function of the kidney progressively declined with recurrent and complicated urinary tract infections...

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic intervention combined with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is recommended as the first line therapy for large pancreatic stones, yet both can cause adverse events. The aim of the study was to identify the risk factors for post-procedural pancreatitis. METHODS: Consecutive patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic stones treated with both ESWL and subsequent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) from October 2016 to December 2019 were prospectively enrolled...

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a unique form of pancreatitis often associated with infiltration of immunoglobulin G4-positive cells, a swollen pancreas, and diffuse narrowing of the pancreatic ducts. Unlike acute pancreatitis, AIP is rarely complicated with pseudocysts. Pancreatic calculi, a feature of ordinary chronic pancreatitis, are unusual during short-term follow-up in patients with AIP. We herein describe a 46-year-old man who initially presented with a submucosal tumor of the stomach. The patient was finally diagnosed with AIP accompanied by a pancreatic tail pseudocyst located in the gastric wall and pancreatic calculi by endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration...

Giant biliary calculus in the common bile duct (CBD) is rare. Giant calculus of choledochal cyst (CC) is even rarer, and no case of giant calculus of CC with more than 100 calculi has been reported in the indexed literature. We present the case of a 8.0 × 4.5 × 4.0 cm sized giant calculus with >100 small calculi in type IVa CCs with heterotopic pancreas in a 45-year-old male, which is a surprisingly rare occurrence. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed multifocal irregular dilatation of intrahepatic biliary radicles with multiple filling defects with a giant calculus in CC with cholelithiasis...

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an inflammatory process characterized by irreversible morphological changes in the pancreas. Pain is the predominant symptom observed during the course of CP. The etiopathogenesis of pain in CP is multifactorial and includes ductal hypertension due to obstruction of the pancreatic duct (PD), neuropathic causes, and extrapancreatic complications of CP like pseudocyst and distal biliary obstruction. A sizeable proportion of patients with CP are amenable to endoscopic treatment. The mainstay of endotherapy includes decompression of PD with one or more plastic stents in those with stricture, and fragmentation of PD calculi using extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

INTRODUCTION: Agenesis of the dorsal pancreas (ADP) is a rare congenital anomaly resulting in missing corpus and cauda of the pancreas. The possibility of finding this disorder is increasing with the use of advanced radiological techniques like CT scan or MRI. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We reported 2 cases of a partial ADP as radiological finding: the first one was a 79-year-old asymptomatic patient who presented to perform a CT staging scan for bladder tumor, while the second case was a 73-year-old patient with obstructive jaundice and with suspected common bile duct calculi...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Even though ductal interventions in chronic pancreatitis (CP) are known to improve pain, its impact on diabetes is unclear. In this cohort study, we evaluated the impact of ductal interventions on diabetes in these patients. METHODS: Consecutive patients with CP visiting the pancreas clinic between August 1, 2011, and July 21, 2012, were enrolled and followed until December 2018. Detailed clinical, laboratory, imaging, and treatment data were recorded at enrolment and follow-up...

BACKGROUND: Although endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) features and criteria have been described in chronic pancreatitis, challenges remain with interoperator variability and ease of adoption. The aim of this study was to define and validate the EUS features of chronic pancreatitis in a multicenter prospective study in Asia. METHOD: The study was divided into two parts: the first part was conducted to derive the EUS features of chronic pancreatitis with adequate interoperator agreement; the second was to prospectively evaluate these features in a multicenter cross-sectional study and determine the optimal combination of features for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis...

Intraluminal pathologic conditions of the bile ducts and gallbladder are common, most frequently consisting of calculi and adenocarcinoma. In recent years, intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile ducts (IPN-B), which is analogous to intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas, has been recognized as a distinct pathologic entity and a precursor lesion to adenocarcinoma of the bile ducts. Intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm (ITPN) of the bile duct was subsequently described as a distinct pathologic entity...

Obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome continue to increase in prevalence. Hypertriglyceridemia is commonly associated and represents a valuable marker of metabolic syndrome. An increase in subcutaneous fat deposition places patients at risk for visceral adipose deposition in sites such as the liver, heart, and pancreas. Pancreatic steatosis in the setting of metabolic syndrome is a rapidly emerging entity whose clinical spectrum remains to be defined. Hypertriglyceridemia is an accepted cause of acute pancreatitis but its role in chronic pancreatic injury remains to be explored...

An 8-y-old lactating Holstein cow was presented to the herd veterinarian with a history of acute ataxia, and because of poor prognosis, the animal was euthanized and submitted for postmortem examination. A lumbar vertebra was incompletely fractured and had an adjacent subdural hematoma. The pancreas had a hard texture with exaggerated nodular appearance, and on cut surface, the pancreatic ducts appeared fibrotic and contained scores of round-to-faceted pancreatoliths of 0.5-2.0 mm diameter. These calculi extended from the major ducts to the pancreatic duct, sphincter, and into the duodenal lumen...