Renoprotective

CONTEXT: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after kidney transplantation (KT), especially in recipients from deceased donors. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (u-NGAL) is an early and sensitive marker of AKI after transplantation. OBJECTIVES: We assessed the renoprotective effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on u-NGAL levels as an early prognostic marker of graft function immediately after transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 70 deceased-donor KT recipients ( www...

Purpose: Olmesartan and azilsartan decrease blood pressure more effectively than other angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). ARBs additionally decrease the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR), a urinary albumin marker, and urinary angiotensinogen (u-AGT), an intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activity marker. We examined the effects of these ARBs on blood pressure, UACR, and u-AGT in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Methods: Patients with uncontrolled hypertension treated with conventional ARBs, excluding olmesartan and azilsartan, for over 8 weeks were enrolled...

Berberine (BBR) has been demonstrated to protect against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is largely unknown. In the present study, we examined the role of silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1)/p53 in the protective effect of BBR on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E cells). NRK-52E cells were preconditioned with small interfering RNA targeting Sirt1 (Sirt1-siRNA) and BBR before subjected to H/R...

BACKGROUND: Oral charcoal adsorbent AST-120 (AST) is reported to ameliorate renal dysfunction by the absorption of toxic substance in the gut. Recent study revealed that, in CKD, gut environment is disturbed including the decrease in tight junctions and Lactobacillus (Lact). In this study, we examined whether AST improves the renal dysfunction through gut environment. METHOD: Six-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were rendered CKD by 5/6th nephrectomy (Nx)...

BACKGROUND: Periplaneta americana is one of the ancient insect groups with the strongest vitality. Periplaneta americana extract (PAE) has been explored as an alternative remedy for many diseases. Although much progress has been made in the study about PAE, the role of the drug in renal disease is rarely reported, especially in renal fibrosis. This study was designed to evaluate the renoprotective effect of PAE treatment to renal fibrosis. METHOD: An in vivo, unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model was built...

Estrogen has been implicated in the regulation of growth and immune function in the kidney, which expresses the full-length estrogen receptor α (ERα66), its ERα splice variants, and estrogen receptor β (ERβ). Thus, we hypothesized that these splice variants may inhibit glomerular enlargement that occurs early in type 1 diabetes (T1D). T1D was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection in 8-12 wk-old female mice lacking ERα66 (ERα66KO) or all ERα variants (αERKO), and their wild-type (WT) littermates...

Methotrexate (MTX) is a classical chemotherapeutic agent with nephrotoxicity as the most disturbing adverse effect. So far, its underlying molecular mechanisms, particularly PI3K/Akt/eNOS transduction, are inadequately explored. Several antioxidant modalities have been characterized to ameliorate MTX-induced renal injury. In this regard, Camel milk (CM) is a natural product with recognized antioxidant and anti-inflammatory features. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the potential ameliorating effects of CM in MTX-induced kidney injury in rats...

BACKGROUND: Long-term persistence of statin therapy provided an ongoing reduction in mortality among patients with and without a known history of CVD, and renoprotective effect on CKD patients. Until now, very few reports are available from China to address the effects of statin therapy in CKD + CAD patients. METHODS: We compared the effects of long-term statin therapy (follow-up time 4 years) in terms of cardiovascular events, all-cause death, and cardiac death among 254 CKD patients with or without CAD...

Ferulic acid (FrA) is a natural product containing phenolic compounds. ω-3 PUFA is the major constituent of fish oil. The aim of this study was to investigate the renoprotective role of FrA and FO in gentamicin (GM)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Forty four male rats were divided equally into 4 groups: Control group, GM group, FrA + GM group and FO + GM group. Each of the treated groups was injected with GM (40 mg/kg) i.p. for 9 consecutive days. FrA (100 mg/kg) and FO (5 mL/kg) were given to rats orally daily for 10 days prior to GM and then concomitantly with GM for additional 9 days...

AIMS: Although abnormal thyroid hormone metabolism is common in patients with 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN), the relationship between thyroid hormones and DN is unclear and being ignored during the clinical practice. This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between thyroid hormones and clinicopathologic changes in biopsy-proven DN patients. METHODS: We collected clinical and pathological data for 146 biopsy-proven DN patients...

Present study reports the effects of metanil yellow, a non-permitted food colouring dye, on the biomarkers of oxidative stress and kidney function in blood and renal tissue of albino Wistar rats and its mitigation by cinnamaldehyde, a major phytoconstituents of cinnamon. Oral administration of metanil yellow in rats caused about 70% reduction in ferric reducing ability (FRAP 5.1 μM/L) and 50% decline in reduced glutathione (GSH 59.27 nM/mg protein) content in plasma with simultaneous increase in serum creatinine level...

Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), a key signal-transduction enzyme, increases the conversion of guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) to cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) upon binding of nitric oxide (NO). Endothelial dysfunction and/or reduced NO signaling have been implicated in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis and complications of diabetes, and have been associated with other disease states and aging. sGC stimulators are small-molecule drugs that bind sGC and enhance NO-mediated cGMP signaling. The pharmacological characterization of IW-1973, a novel clinical-stage sGC stimulator, is described...

This study investigated the effect of Aloe vera in diabetes-induced nephropathy in rats. As diabetes-associated hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, we evaluated the protective effect of whole leaf extract of Aloe vera on the basis of its hypolipidemic and antioxidative property. Aloe vera (300 mg/kg orally) has been noted to possess renoprotective effect in experimental diabetic nephropathy. However, its mechanism is not fully understood. Rats were administered streptozotocin (STZ) (55 mg/kg intraperitoneally once) to induce experimental diabetes mellitus...

Oxidative stress is the main cause of diabetic nephropathy (DN) progression. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling is a crucial cellular defense system to cope with oxidative stress. Astaxanthin (AST) is a fat-soluble xanthophyll carotenoid with remarkable antioxidative capacity. AST exerted renal protective in diabetic rats. This study aimed to determine whether AST could alleviate the pathological progress of DN by activating Nrf2/ARE signaling and diminishing the excessive oxidative stress and fibronectin (FN) accumulation in glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) challenged with high glucose (HG)...

BACKGROUND: Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation are some of the mechanisms involved in renal damage. Anogeissus acuminata (AA) is used in India as an antidiabetic agent and has potent antioxidant activity. However, it has never been evaluated for its effect on diabetic nephropathy. Hence, in the present study we aimed to evaluate its effect on streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus and its renal complications...

Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is a membrane ion channel and kinase. TRPM7 was abundantly expressed in the kidney, and up-regulated by ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. Our previous studies showed that cyclic helix B peptide (CHBP) improved renal IR-related injury, but its underlying mechanism is not well defined. IR-related injury was established in renal tubular epithelial cells (TCMK-1 and HK-2) via 12 to 24-h hypoxia (H) followed by 2-24 h reoxygenation (R), and in mouse kidneys subjected to 30-min ischemia and 12-h to 7-day reperfusion...

BACKGROUND: Low mean arterial pressure (MAP) is a well-known risk factor for postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI), but probably it is not the sole hemodynamic parameter that can influence the development of renal failure. There are data in cardiac patients supporting the role of renal venous congestion in the development of AKI. The aim of our study was to determine a combination of factors best predicting the development of AKI. METHODS: Data were collected prospectively for adult patients admitted after major abdominal surgery to 9 Hungarian intensive care units...

Nephrotoxicity is the major dose-limiting adverse effect of methotrexate (MTX). Umbelliferone (UMB) is a known coumarin derivative. The current study aimed to investigate possible protective effects of UMB against MTX-induced nephrotoxicity. Adult male albino rats were divided into: control group, UMB group (30 mg/kg, p.o), MTX group (single i.p. injection of 20 mg/kg) and MTX + UMB group. Serum urea and creatinine were evaluated. The renoprotective effects of UMB were evaluated by estimation of renal Nrf-2/Keap-1 and P38 MAPK/NF-κB, GSH, MDA, NO2 - contents and SOD activity...

Post-transplant ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI), secondary to ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), is a major problem influencing on the short and long term graft and patient survival. Many molecular and cellular modifications are observed during IRI, for example, tissue damage result production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokines, chemokines, and leukocytes recruitment which are activated by NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) signaling pathway. Therefore, inhibiting these processes can significantly protect renal parenchyma from tissue damage...

Autophagy is important for cellular survival during renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has a strong renoprotective effect during renal I/R. Our study here aimed to explore the effect of IPC on autophagy during renal I/R injury. Rats were subjected to unilateral renal ischemia with or without prior IPC. Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury was induced in HK-2 cells with or without prior hypoxic preconditioning (HPC). Autophagy and apoptosis were detected after reperfusion or reoxygenation for different time...