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Control in Dormancy or Eradication of Cancer Stem Cells: Mathematical Modeling and Stability Issues.
Walid Djema, Catherine Bonnet, Frédéric Mazenc, Jean Clairambault, Emilia Fridman, Pierre Hirsch, François Delhommeau
OBJECTIVE: Modeling and analysis of cell population dynamics enhance our understanding of cancer. Here we introduce and explore a new model that may apply to many tissues. ANALYSES: An age-structured model describing coexistence between mutated and ordinary stem cells is developed and explored. The model is transformed into a nonlinear time-delay system governing the dynamics of healthy cells, coupled to a nonlinear differential-difference system describing dynamics of unhealthy cells...
April 17, 2018: Journal of Theoretical Biology
#2
Luyan Mu, Yu Long, Changlin Yang, Linchun Jin, Haipeng Tao, Haitao Ge, Yifan E Chang, Aida Karachi, Paul S Kubilis, Gabriel De Leon, Jiping Qi, Elias J Sayour, Duane A Mitchell, Zhiguo Lin, Jianping Huang
Background: Malignant gliomas are heterogeneous brain tumors with the potential for aggressive disease progression, as influenced by suppressive immunoediting. Given the success and enhanced potential of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in immunotherapy, we focused on the connections between genetic alterations affected by IDH1 mutations and immunological landscape changes and PDL-1 expression in gliomas. Methods: Paired surgically resected tumors from lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) and glioblastomas (GBM) were investigated, and a genetic analysis of patients' primary tumor samples culled from TCGA datasets was performed...
2018: Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
#3
Vivek Murthy, Janna Minehart, Daniel H Sterman
Modern cancer immunotherapies represent a major shift in paradigm with respect to how we understand innate and adaptive responses to malignancy. Successful tumors co-opt normal immunosurveillance mechanisms by potent interactions between the tumor and local draining lymph nodes. Tumor cells mediate a complex and dynamic immunoediting procedure that results in increased vascular efflux into the draining lymphatics, an immunosuppressive microenvironment rich in regulatory T-lymphocytes, dysfunctional antigen presentation, and downregulation of normal effector lymphocyte responses...
December 1, 2017: Journal of the National Cancer Institute
#4
Andrew Brandmaier, Sheng-Qi Hou, Sandra Demaria, Silvia C Formenti, Wen H Shen
BACKGROUND: PTEN is well known to function as a tumor suppressor that antagonizes oncogenic signaling and maintains genomic stability. The PTEN gene is frequently deleted or mutated in human cancers and the wide cancer spectrum associated with PTEN deficiency has been recapitulated in a variety of mouse models of Pten deletion or mutation. Pten mutations are highly penetrant in causing various types of spontaneous tumors that often exhibit resistance to anticancer therapies including immunotherapy...
June 2017: Frontiers in Biology
#5
Catherine S Grasso, Marios Giannakis, Daniel K Wells, Tsuyoshi Hamada, Xinmeng Jasmine Mu, Michael Quist, Jonathan A Nowak, Reiko Nishihara, Zhi Rong Qian, Kentaro Inamura, Teppei Morikawa, Katsuhiko Nosho, Gabriel Abril-Rodriguez, Charles Connolly, Helena Escuin-Ordinas, Milan S Geybels, William M Grady, Li Hsu, Siwen Hu-Lieskovan, Jeroen R Huyghe, Yeon Joo Kim, Paige E Krystofinski, Mark Dm Leiserson, Dennis J Montoya, Brian B Nadel, Matteo Pellegrini, Colin C Pritchard, Cristina Puig-Saus, Elleanor H Quist, Benjamin J Raphael, Stephen J Salipante, Daniel Sanghoon Shin, Eve Shinbrot, Brian Shirts, Sachet Shukla, Janet L Stanford, Wei Sun, Jennifer Tsoi, Alexander Upfill-Brown, David A Wheeler, Catherine J Wu, Ming Yu, Syed H Zaidi, Jesse M Zaretsky, Stacey B Gabriel, Eric S Lander, Levi A Garraway, Thomas J Hudson, Charles S Fuchs, Antoni Ribas, Shuji Ogino, Ulrike Peters
To understand the genetic drivers of immune recognition and evasion in colorectal cancer (CRC), we analyzed 1,211 CRC primary tumor samples, including 179 classified as microsatellite instability-high (MSI-high). This set includes The Cancer Genome Atlas CRC cohort of 592 samples, completed and analyzed here. MSI-high, a hypermutated, immunogenic subtype of CRC, had a high rate of significantly mutated genes in important immune modulating pathways and in the antigen presentation machinery, including biallelic losses of B2M and HLA genes due to copy number alterations and copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH)...
March 6, 2018: Cancer Discovery
#6
REVIEW
Hussein F Aqbi, Matthew Wallace, Samay Sappal, Kyle K Payne, Masoud H Manjili
Tumor immunoediting consisting of three phases of elimination, equilibrium or dormancy, and escape has been supported by preclinical and clinical data. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which antitumor immune responses regulate these three phases are important for developing highly tailored immunotherapeutics that can control cancer. To this end, IFN-γ produced by Th1 cells, cytotoxic T cells, NK cells, and NKT cells is a pleiotropic cytokine that is involved in all three phases of tumor immunoediting, as well as during inflammation-mediated tumorigenesis processes...
February 22, 2018: Journal of Leukocyte Biology
#7
Sara Mastaglio, Eric Wong, Travis Perera, Jane Ripley, Piers Blombery, Mark J Smyth, Rachel Koldej, David Ritchie
Natural killer (NKs) cells provide rapid responses to viral-infected and malignant cells, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts. The balance among inhibitory and activating signals, delivered by multiple interactions between ligands on target cells and NK receptors, determines the posture of the NK cell response to either one of target cell elimination or tolerance. The aim of this work was to study the influence of the differential expression of activating and inhibitory NK receptor ligands (NKRLs) by leukemic blasts on clinical outcome in newly diagnosed AML patients...
February 27, 2018: Blood Advances
#8
Andreas T Björklund, Mattias Carlsten, Ebba Sohlberg, Lisa L Liu, Trevor Clancy, Mohsen Karimi, Sarah Cooley, Jeffrey S Miller, Monika Klimkowska, Marie Schaffer, Emma Watz, Kristina I Wikstrom, Pontus Blomberg, Bjorn E Wahlin, Marzia Palma, Lotta Hansson, Per Ljungman, Eva Hellström-Lindberg, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren, Karl-Johan Malmberg
PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety, efficacy and immunobiological correlates of allogeneic NK cell-based therapy in primary chemotherapy-refractory or relapsed high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), secondary AML (MDS/AML), and de novo AML patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Sixteen patients received fludarabine/cyclophosphamide conditioning combined with total lymphoid irradiation followed by adoptive immunotherapy with IL-2-activated haploidentical NK cells. RESULTS: NK cell infusions were well tolerated with only transient adverse events observed in the 16 patients...
February 14, 2018: Clinical Cancer Research: An Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research
#9
Neha Kamran, Mahmoud S Alghamri, Felipe J Nunez, Diana Shah, Antonela S Asad, Marianela Candolfi, David Altshuler, Pedro R Lowenstein, Maria G Castro
There is a large unmet need for effective therapeutic approaches for glioma, the most malignant brain tumor. Clinical and preclinical studies have enormously expanded our knowledge about the molecular aspects of this deadly disease and its interaction with the host immune system. In this review we highlight the wide array of immunotherapeutic interventions that are currently being tested in glioma patients. Given the molecular heterogeneity, tumor immunoediting and the profound immunosuppression that characterize glioma, it has become clear that combinatorial approaches targeting multiple pathways tailored to the genetic signature of the tumor will be required in order to achieve optimal therapeutic efficacy...
February 1, 2018: Immunotherapy
#10
Syed Ammer Shah, Melika Zarei, Saeed H Manjili, Georgi Guruli, Xiang-Yang Wang, Masoud H Manjili
Immunotherapeutic targeting of advanced stage cancers has prolonged the survival of cancer patients, yet its curative efficacy is limited due to tumor immunoediting and escape. On the other hand, human vaccines have been able to eradicate smallpox and control several other infectious diseases. The success has resulted from the administration of vaccines in prophylactic settings, or during latency periods in order to protect an individual during future exposure to the disease rather than curing an established disease...
September 2017: Immunotherapy
#11
Mirjana Efremova, Dietmar Rieder, Victoria Klepsch, Pornpimol Charoentong, Francesca Finotello, Hubert Hackl, Natascha Hermann-Kleiter, Martin Löwer, Gottfried Baier, Anne Krogsdam, Zlatko Trajanoski
The cancer immunoediting hypothesis postulates a dual role of the immune system: protecting the host by eliminating tumor cells, and shaping the tumor by editing its genome. Here, we elucidate the impact of evolutionary and immune-related forces on editing the tumor in a mouse model for hypermutated and microsatellite-instable colorectal cancer. Analyses of wild-type and immunodeficient RAG1 knockout mice transplanted with MC38 cells reveal that upregulation of checkpoint molecules and infiltration by Tregs are the major tumor escape mechanisms...
January 2, 2018: Nature Communications
#12
REVIEW
Anna Passarelli, Francesco Mannavola, Luigia Stefania Stucci, Marco Tucci, Francesco Silvestris
Melanoma is one of the most immunogenic tumors and its relationship with host immune system is currently under investigation. Many immunomodulatory mechanisms, favoring melanomagenesis and progression, have been described to interfere with the disablement of melanoma recognition and attack by immune cells resulting in immune resistance and immunosuppression. This knowledge produced therapeutic advantages, such as immunotherapy, aiming to overcome the immune evasion. Here, we review the current advances in cancer immunoediting and focus on melanoma immunology, which involves a dynamic interplay between melanoma and immune system, as well as on effects of "targeted therapies" on tumor microenvironment for combination strategies...
December 1, 2017: Oncotarget
#13
Xia Bu, Yihui Yao, Xiaoyu Li
Cancer immunotherapy is emerging as the most promising novel strategy for cancer treatment. Cancer immunotherapy is broadly categorized into three forms: immune checkpoint modulation, adoptive cell transfer, and cancer vaccine. Immune checkpoint blockade is demonstrated as the most clinically effective treatment with low immune-related adverse events (irAE). Blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 has achieved remarkable success in treating various types of tumors, which sparks great interests in this therapeutic strategy and expands the role of immune checkpoint blockade in treating tumors including breast cancer...
2017: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
#14
REVIEW
Mirjana Efremova, Francesca Finotello, Dietmar Rieder, Zlatko Trajanoski
Recent preclinical and clinical studies have proved the long-standing hypothesis that tumors elicit adaptive immune responses and that the antigens driving effective T-cell response are neoantigens, i.e., peptides that are generated from somatically mutated genes. Hence, the characterization of neoantigens and the identification of the immunogenic ones are of utmost importance for improving cancer immunotherapy and broadening its efficacy to a larger fraction of patients. In this review, we first introduce the methods used for the quantification of neoantigens using next-generation sequencing data and then summarize results obtained using these tools to characterize the neoantigen landscape in solid cancers...
2017: Frontiers in Immunology
#15
REVIEW
Debojit Bose
The last two decades have witnessed enormous growth in the field of cancer immunity. Mechanistic insights of cancer immunoediting have not only enhanced our understanding but also paved the way to target and/or harness the innate immune system to combat cancer, called cancer immunotherapy. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/Stimulator of interferon genes(STING) pathway has recently emerged as nodal player in cancer immunity and is currently being explored as potential therapeutic target. Although therapeutic activation of this pathway has shown promising anti-tumor effects in vivo, evidence also indicates the role of this pathway in inflammation mediated carcinogenesis...
November 18, 2017: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
#16
Vinod P Balachandran, Marta Łuksza, Julia N Zhao, Vladimir Makarov, John Alec Moral, Romain Remark, Brian Herbst, Gokce Askan, Umesh Bhanot, Yasin Senbabaoglu, Daniel K Wells, Charles Ian Ormsby Cary, Olivera Grbovic-Huezo, Marc Attiyeh, Benjamin Medina, Jennifer Zhang, Jennifer Loo, Joseph Saglimbeni, Mohsen Abu-Akeel, Roberta Zappasodi, Nadeem Riaz, Martin Smoragiewicz, Z Larkin Kelley, Olca Basturk, Mithat Gönen, Arnold J Levine, Peter J Allen, Douglas T Fearon, Miriam Merad, Sacha Gnjatic, Christine A Iacobuzio-Donahue, Jedd D Wolchok, Ronald P DeMatteo, Timothy A Chan, Benjamin D Greenbaum, Taha Merghoub, Steven D Leach
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a lethal cancer with fewer than 7% of patients surviving past 5 years. T-cell immunity has been linked to the exceptional outcome of the few long-term survivors, yet the relevant antigens remain unknown. Here we use genetic, immunohistochemical and transcriptional immunoprofiling, computational biophysics, and functional assays to identify T-cell antigens in long-term survivors of pancreatic cancer. Using whole-exome sequencing and in silico neoantigen prediction, we found that tumours with both the highest neoantigen number and the most abundant CD8+ T-cell infiltrates, but neither alone, stratified patients with the longest survival...
November 23, 2017: Nature
#17
Rachel Marty, Saghar Kaabinejadian, David Rossell, Michael J Slifker, Joris van de Haar, Hatice Billur Engin, Nicola de Prisco, Trey Ideker, William H Hildebrand, Joan Font-Burgada, Hannah Carter
MHC-I molecules expose the intracellular protein content on the cell surface, allowing T cells to detect foreign or mutated peptides. The combination of six MHC-I alleles each individual carries defines the sub-peptidome that can be effectively presented. We applied this concept to human cancer, hypothesizing that oncogenic mutations could arise in gaps in personal MHC-I presentation. To validate this hypothesis, we developed and applied a residue-centric patient presentation score to 9,176 cancer patients across 1,018 recurrent oncogenic mutations...
November 30, 2017: Cell
#18
(no author information available yet)
Nivolumab treatment results in immunoediting and loss of tumor cells expressing neoantigens.
October 20, 2017: Cancer Discovery
#19
REVIEW
Dmitrij Ostroumov, Nora Fekete-Drimusz, Michael Saborowski, Florian Kühnel, Norman Woller
The outstanding clinical success of immune checkpoint blockade has revived the interest in underlying mechanisms of the immune system that are capable of eliminating tumors even in advanced stages. In this scenario, CD4 and CD8 T cell responses are part of the cancer immune cycle and both populations significantly influence the clinical outcome. In general, the immune system has evolved several mechanisms to protect the host against cancer. Each of them has to be undermined or evaded during cancer development to enable tumor outgrowth...
February 2018: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS
#20
Megan M Tu, Mir Munir A Rahim, Céline Sayed, Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud, Andrew P Makrigiannis
Ly49 receptors, which recognize "self" class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) molecules, enable natural killer (NK) cells to detect loss of MHC-I expression on transformed and virally infected cells. The impact of NK cell-mediated MHC-I surveillance on immunoediting of breast cancer is still not fully understood. This work assesses the impact of Ly49 receptors on tumor development in terms of cancer control and in driving immune-evading cancer mutations. Genetically modified Ly49-deficient mice and those lacking NK cells through antibody depletion were less able to control E0771-derived mammary tumors in an MHC-I-dependent fashion...
September 18, 2017: Cancer Immunology Research
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