Bennet's lesion

RATIONALE: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease involving different cytokines and chemokines. OBJECTIVES: Here we use single-cell transcriptomic analyses to identify relevant immune cell and non-immune cell populations for an in-depth characterization of cell types and inflammatory mediators in this disease. METHODS: Psoriasis skin lesions of 8 patients are analyzed using single-cell technology. Data are further validated by in situ hybridization (ISH) of human tissues, serum analyses of human samples and tissues of a murine model of psoriasis, and by in vitro cell culture experiments...

BACKGROUND: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a rare autoinflammatory bone disease requiring immunosuppressive treatment in half of patients. Monoclonal tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) are often used as effective second-line off-label therapies. However, paradoxical psoriasis can occur in a subset of patients exposed to monoclonal TNFi and can prompt conversion to alternate therapy if severe. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of golimumab, a fully humanized TNFi, in children with CRMO, including those who develop paradoxical psoriasis after exposure to other monoclonal TNFi...

INTRODUCTION: About 20% of all fractures in the human skeleton involves the hand, affecting primarily the young and active population. A Bennett's fracture (BF) is a fracture of the base of the first metacarpal and surgical management is generally needed, with the K-wire fixation being the most preferred option. Among the most common complications with K-wires, we find infection and soft-tissues damages like tendon ruptures. CASE REPORT: Here, we report a case of iatrogenic rupture of the Little Finger's Flexor Profundus Tendon after K-wire fixation of a BF that was diagnosed 4 weeks after the lesion...

BACKGROUND: Overstrain of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) is a common Thoroughbred racehorse limb injury requiring treatment. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether treatment of SDFT lesions in flat Thoroughbred racehorses with autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) or allogenic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (A-MSCs) is associated with improved likelihood of returning to racing, when compared to racehorses managed with a controlled exercise rehabilitation program (CERP) alone...

Cystic white matter injury (WMI) is highly associated with severe neurodevelopmental disability and cerebral palsy in preterm infants, yet its pathogenesis remains poorly understood and there is no established treatment. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that slowly evolving cystic WMI after hypoxia-ischaemia is mediated by programmed necrosis initiated by tumour necrosis factor (TNF). TNF blockade was begun 3 days after hypoxia-ischaemia in order to target the tertiary phase of injury, when the majority of secondary cell death is thought to be complete...

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic hypothermia significantly improves outcomes after moderate-severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), but it is partially effective. Although hypothermia is consistently associated with reduced microgliosis, it is still unclear whether it normalizes microglial morphology and phenotype. METHODS: Near-term fetal sheep (n = 24) were randomized to sham control, ischemia-normothermia, or ischemia-hypothermia. Brain sections were immunohistochemically labeled to assess neurons, microglia and their interactions with neurons, astrocytes, myelination, and gitter cells (microglia with cytoplasmic lipid granules) 7 days after cerebral ischemia...

BACKGROUND: Pit and fissure sealants are plastic materials that are used to seal deep pits and fissures on the occlusal surfaces of teeth, where decay occurs most often in children and adolescents. Deep pits and fissures can retain food debris and bacteria, making them difficult to clean, thereby causing them to be more susceptible to dental caries. The application of a pit and fissure sealant, a non-invasive preventive approach, can prevent dental caries by forming a protective barrier that reduces food entrapment and bacterial growth...

Recent evidence suggests that treatment with antidepressants may promote functional recovery. However, the timeframe in which these pharmacological agents can influence stroke recovery is not well understood. This research investigated whether delayed administration of citalopram, used clinically in the management of post-stroke depression, could improve long-term functional recovery following experimental stroke. MacGreen mice carrying an enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter gene in monocyte and macrophage populations were subjected to 45 min occlusion of the middle cerebral artery...

Preterm birth continues to be associated with neurodevelopmental problems including cerebral palsy. Cystic white matter injury (WMI) is still the major neuropathology underlying cerebral palsy, affecting 1-3% of preterm infants. Although rates have gradually fallen over time, the pathogenesis and evolution of cystic WMI are still poorly understood. Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) remains an important contributor, yet there is no established treatment to prevent injury. Clinically, serial ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging studies typically show delayed development of cystic lesions 2-4 weeks after birth...

AIM: SGLT2 inhibitors have been shown to reduce cardiovascular and renal complications in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients at high cardiovascular risk. Metformin is currently widely used as initial monotherapy in T2D but lacks convincing data to show that it reduces risk of complications. We aim to compare the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin and metformin as first-line T2D medication with regard to development of complications in a registry-based randomised controlled trial. METHODS: The SGLT2 inhibitor or metformin as standard treatment of early stage type 2 diabetes (SMARTEST) trial will enrol 4300 subjects at 30-40 study sites in Sweden who will be randomised 1:1 to either metformin or dapagliflozin...

White matter injury, including both diffuse and cystic elements, remains highly associated with neurodevelopmental disability and cerebral palsy in preterm infants, yet its pathogenesis and evolution are still poorly understood and there is no established treatment. We examined the long-term evolution of white matter injury in chronically instrumented preterm fetal sheep (0.7 gestation) after 25 min of complete umbilical cord occlusion or sham occlusion. Fetal brains were processed for histology after 3 days ( n  = 9, sham n  = 9), 7 days ( n  = 8, sham n  = 8), 14 days ( n  = 9, sham n  = 8) and 21 days ( n  = 9, sham n  = 9) of recovery...

Different genotoxic agents can lead to DNA single- and double-strand breaks, base modification and oxidation. As most living organisms, Trypanosoma cruzi is subjected to oxidative stress during its life cycle; thus, DNA repair is essential for parasite survival and establishment of infection. The mitochondrion plays important roles beyond the production of ATP. For example, it is a source of signaling molecules, such as the superoxide anion and H2 O2 . Since T. cruzi has only one mitochondrion, the integrity of this organelle is pivotal for parasite viability...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is an urgent medical condition that requires prompt application of simultaneous pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies. The variation in patient clinical characteristics coupled with the multitude of treatment modalities makes optimal and timely management challenging. This review summarizes risk stratification of patients, the role and timing of revascularization, and highlights important considerations in the revascularization approach with attention to individual patient characteristics...

INTRODUCTION: Endovascular treatment below-the-knee is safe and effective but limited by poor patency. Coronary drug-eluting stents (DES) may play a role in providing mechanical scaffolding and deliver anti-proliferative drug to the site of vascular barotrauma to reduce the incidence of restenosis. Our aim was to evaluate and compare the use of contemporary DES with standard endovascular-therapies for atherosclerotic disease of infrapopliteal arteries. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing DES with conventional treatment for symptomatic peripheral artery disease (search date 30 August 2017)...

The genetic information contained within the DNA molecule is highly susceptible to chemical and physical insult, caused by both endogenous and exogenous sources that can generate in the order of thousands of lesions a day in each of our cells (Lindahl, Nature 362(6422):709-715, 1993). DNA damages interfere with DNA metabolic processes such as transcription and replication and can be potent inhibitors of cell division and gene expression. To combat these regular threats to genome stability, a host of DNA repair mechanisms have evolved...

PURPOSE: Resection of the hippocampus can cause verbal memory decline, especially in the pediatric population. Thus, preservation of the hippocampus can be crucial for the quality of life of children with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who are candidates for epilepsy surgery. We investigated techniques that determine whether the hippocampus is part of the epileptogenic zone and the outcomes of pediatric surgery aimed to spare the hippocampus. METHODS: We accessed data of children with normal hippocampus on MRI, who underwent surgery for medically refractory TLE...

Tooth surface loss (TSL) is a complex phenomenon characterized by the loss of hard tooth structure at various locations of the teeth, usually due to more than one factor. TSL due to abrasion can be significant in patients consuming coarse, abrasive diet. The present case reports an interesting incisal edge abrasion in a female patient, attributed to a particular dietary behavior of long-term consumption of sunflower seeds. All her family members and most of the people from her native place were also reported to have similar lesions by the patient...

BACKGROUND: Pharmacological activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP), specifically by activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, has been shown to confer short-term improvements in outcome. Most studies have investigated administration within 24 hours of stroke, and few have investigated drugs approved for use in human patients. We investigated whether delayed administration of varenicline, a high-affinity agonist at α7 nicotinic receptors and an established therapy for nicotine addiction, decreased brain inflammation and improved functional performance in a mouse model of experimental stroke...

Subacute and chronic mountain sickness of humans and the related brisket disease of cattle are characterized by right-sided congestive heart failure in individuals living at high altitudes as a result of sustained hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Adaptations to high altitude and disease resistance vary among species, breeds, and individuals. The authors conducted a retrospective survey of right-sided cardiac hypertrophy associated with pulmonary arterial hypertrophy or arteriosclerosis in zoo mammals housed at Africam Safari (Puebla, México), which is located at 2,100 m above sea level...

Acute, high-dose exposure to endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in preterm fetal sheep can trigger periventricular white matter lesions (PVL), in association with severe hypotension/hypoxemia and significant mortality. Intriguingly, however, chronic or repeated exposure to LPS can induce tachyphylaxis. We therefore tested the hypothesis that progressive, acute on chronic fetal infection would be associated with white matter injury with little fetal mortality. Chronically instrumented preterm (0.7 gestational age) fetal sheep were exposed to a continuous low-dose LPS infusion (100 ng over 24 h, followed by 250 ng/24 h for 96 h) or saline...