Coracoid

Introduction: The aims of this study are to define the coracoid process anatomy in a Malaysian population, carried out on patients in Hospital Serdang with specific emphasis on the dimension of the base of coracoid process which is important in coraco-acromial (CC) ligament reconstruction, to define the average amount of bone available for use in coracoid transfer, and to compare the size of coracoid process based on gender and race, and with findings in previous studies. Materials and Methods: Fifteen pairs of computed tomography (CT) based 3-dimensional models of shoulders of patients aged between 20 to 60 years old were examined...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Glenoid Bone Loss is a commonly encountered problem in anterior shoulder instability. In this article, we review current techniques for diagnosis, indications and management of glenoid bone loss. RECENT FINDINGS: Multiple bone grafting techniques are available depending on the glenoid defect size including the coracoid, distal clavicle, iliac crest, and allograft distal tibia. Advancement in imaging methods allows for more accurate quantification of bone loss...

Pleuronectiform fish develop marked external asymmetry in eye location and skin color at metamorphosis. The bamboo sole, Heteromycteris japonica, also exhibits loss of the pectoral fins at metamorphosis. Because of its small body size, short generation time, and long spawning season, we focused on the bamboo sole as an experimental model to investigate metamorphic asymmetry and pectoral fin loss during development. In the present study, we utilized a small-scale culture system to evaluate bamboo sole larvae and larval development, and a microinjection system for fertilized eggs...

Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome is caused by a neurologic compression of the brachial plexus before it reaches the arm. Three anatomic areas are common locations for such an entrapment because of their congenital and/or acquired tightness: the interscalene triangle, the costoclavicular space, and the retropectoralis minor space. Because the compression level usually remains unknown, the treatment is still controversial and most teams focus on only one potential site. We propose an all-endoscopic technique of complete brachial plexus neurolysis that can be divided into three parts, one for each entrapment area...

BACKGROUND: The glenoid track concept describes the dynamic interaction of bipolar bone loss in anterior glenohumeral instability. Initial studies have successfully demonstrated this concept's application in clinical populations. In clinical practice, the Latarjet procedure is commonly the preferred treatment in addressing "off-track" Hill-Sachs lesions. The effectiveness of this procedure in restoring such lesions to an "on-track" state, however, has not yet been evaluated or described in the literature...

BACKGROUND: Radial nerve injury is a rare but clinically significant complication of revision shoulder arthroplasty and fixation of native and periprosthetic proximal humeral fractures. Understanding of the anatomic relationship between the radial nerve as it enters the humeral spiral groove and anterior shoulder landmarks in a deltopectoral approach is necessary to avoid iatrogenic radial nerve injury. METHODS: Eight forequarter cadaveric specimens were dissected through a deltopectoral approach...

During a routine anatomical dissection in the right brachium of a 75-year-old male cadaver, a novel variation of the coracobrachialis muscle (CB) was discovered. It consisted of three parts: proximal, starting from the upper border of the scapula; medial, presenting the well-accessed CB; and distal, formed by a proximal tendinous part that arose from the coracoid process and then transitioned into a well-defined muscle body and a distal tendinous part attached to the medial epicondyle. We also present a new systematic classification of CB variations, dividing them into two simple groups...

BACKGROUND: External impingement tests are considered as being particularly reliable for identifying subacromial and coracoid shoulder impingement mechanisms. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate if these tests are likely to provoke an internal shoulder impingement mechanism which, in cases of a pathologic condition, can lead to a positive test result. METHOD: In 37 subjects, the mechanical contact between the glenoid rim and the rotator cuff (RC) was measured quantitatively and qualitatively in external impingement test positions using an open MRI system...

INTRODUCTION: We present an interesting case of a 55 year-old male with a large left chest mass after significant cutaneous bleeding. CT angiogram of the chest revealed arteriovenous malformation with blood supply from subbranches of the left subclavian artery, left internal mammary artery and left external carotid artery. Measuring 5.0x14.0x10.8cm, the mass extended superior to the clavicle and inferior to the third rib with medial and lateral borders at the level of the clavicular head and coracoid, respectively...

Capsulolabral reconstruction (Bankart repair) is recommended as the first line treatment in young and functionally demanding active patients with anteroinferior shoulder instability, due to the high tendency to recurrent dislocation. This has become established both for arthroscopic and open primary shoulder stabilization with good clinical outcome; nevertheless, recurrence of dislocation is reported in up to 25% of patients. Risk factors for failed surgery are patient (e.g. young age, male gender and contact sports) and surgery (e...

Anteroinferior glenoid bone loss plays a significant role in recurrent glenohumeral instability. Surgical strategies for reconstructing the glenoid in these cases include coracoid transfer, iliac crest autograft, and allograft (osteochondral and iliac crest). In this article, we report on a new technique for managing glenoid bone loss, preshaped allograft, and describe surgical technique and outcomes. So far we have implanted this allograft in 15 patients, and at short-term follow-up there are no known cases of recurrent instability or graft resorption...

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of the modified arthroscopic Latarjet procedure at a minimum of 2 years after surgery. METHODS: Patients who had traumatic unidirectional anterior shoulder instability and treated with a modified arthroscopic Latarjet procedure were included. During surgery, the anterior capsule was preserved and repaired back to the glenoid after the coracoid transfer. The clinical results (range of motion, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES] score, Constant-Murley score, and Rowe score) and computed tomographic results were followed...

BACKGROUND: Coracoid fractures sustained during sporting activities are rare. Previous reports are limited to individual case reports, small case series, and retrospective analyses. PURPOSE: To systematically review the literature and identify coracoid fractures sustained during sporting activities to determine fracture prevalence, sporting activities/mechanisms, management, and time to return to sport. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted investigating all studies in the literature published between January 1970 and April 2017 that reported on athletes sustaining coracoid fractures during sporting activity...

PURPOSE: To assess the MRI features of growth plate injury at the base of the coracoid process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects were identified through retrospective search of our department imaging database and teaching files and the teaching files of two outside academic institutions. The coracoid base growth plate was examined with attention to widening, irregularity, abnormal signal intensity of the growth plate, and the presence of adjacent soft tissue edema...

PURPOSE: The coracoacromial ligament (CAL) presents with variable morphology and plays a significant role in the development of subacromial impingement syndrome. Sectioning the CAL has been suggested to relieve impingement of the rotator cuff. The aim of the current study was to investigate the CAL attachment in relation with ligament morphology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CAL was investigated in 220 cadaveric shoulders from 58 males and 59 females, with a median age of 82 years (range 53-102 years)...

BACKGROUND: The coracoid approach is recognized as the simplest approach to perform brachial plexus anaesthesia, but needle visualization needs to be improved. With a different needle entry point, the retroclavicular approach confers a perpendicular angle between the ultrasound and the needle, which theoretically enhances needle visualization. This trial compares these two techniques. The leading hypothesis is that the retroclavicular approach is comparable to the infraclavicular coracoid approach in general aspects, but needle visualization is better with this novel approach...

BACKGROUND: The Latarjet-Patte (L-P) procedure is indicated in anterior instability of the shoulder with a glenoid or humeral bone loss. Our purpose is to evaluate clinical outcome and computerized tomographic (CT) findings as position and resorption of the graft and articular degeneration. METHODS: From 2006 to 2009 50 patients underwent to L-P, 48 was contacted by telephone and 26 were available for follow-up (3 to 6 years). Quick-DASH and Rowe scores was used, 22 patients perform CT...

Anterior glenohumeral instability is a common clinical entity, particularly among young athletic patient populations. Nonoperative management and arthroscopic treatment of glenohumeral instability have been associated with high rates of recurrence, particularly in the setting of glenohumeral osseous defects. Coracoid transfer, particularly the Latarjet procedure, has become the treatment of choice for recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability in the setting of osseous deficiencies greater than 20% to 30% of the glenoid surface area and may also be considered for the primary treatment of recurrent instability in the high-risk contact athlete, even in the setting of limited osseous deficiency...

Injuries to the acromioclavicular (AC) joint are becoming common with contact sports and bike accidents. It is well known that in AC dislocations, the first structure to fail is the AC capsule followed by the trapezoid and conoid ligaments. The function of these ligaments must be restored to restore the anatomy and physiology of the AC joint to get the best results. Until now, no technique has emerged as the gold standard for restoration of the AC joint anatomy and function. In our technique, the stress is on recreating the anatomy to make it more individualized based on individual variations...

BACKGROUND: For patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, shoulder balance influences their treatment satisfaction and psychological well-being. Several parameters are known to affect postoperative shoulder balance, but few prognostic models are as yet available. PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify independent predictive factors that can be used to assess preoperatively which patients are at risk of postoperative shoulder elevation, and to build a linear prediction model...