Hpv vaccines

AIM: Vaccines against human papillomaviruses are covered by statutory health insurances in Germany since March 2007. A reduction of cervical and other HPV-associated cancers is expected. Incidence rates of HPV-associated cancers preceding the introduction of vaccines are unknown. These, however, are important for assessing the effects of HPV vaccines. The aim of the present study was to bridge this knowledge gap. METHODS: Based on cancer registry data from seven federal states, average yearly incidence rates for cervical, anogenital, oropharyngeal cancers and cancers of the oral cavity were calculated for the period 2003 to 2007...

Therapeutic vaccine appears to be a potential approach for the treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated tumours, but its efficacy can be dampened by immunosuppressive factors such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. We sought to investigate whether active immunity against TGF-β1 enhances the anti-tumour immunity elicited by an HPV16 E7-specific vaccine that we developed previously. In this study, virus-like particles of hepatitis B virus core antigen were used as vaccine carriers to deliver either TGF-β1 B cell epitopes or E7 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope...

The human papilloma virus (HPV) causes approximately 30,700 annual cancer cases of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, oral cavity, and anus. Nurse practitioners can use their unique relationships with patients to advocate for the HPV vaccine. The purpose of this article is to update NPs on current knowledge regarding the HPV vaccine while providing appropriate information necessary for counseling patients and parents.

OBJECTIVES: To assess human papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge and vaccine awareness, intention, and uptake among adult inmates in Kansas jails. METHODS: We administered a survey with questions adapted from the US National Cancer Institute's Health Information National Trends Survey to 571 adult inmates in 3 Kansas jails from October 10 to 12, 2016, and January 25 to 27, 2017, to assess HPV knowledge and vaccine awareness, intention, and uptake. RESULTS: Although most adults across demographic groups recognized HPV as causing cervical cancer, knowledge was lower about other HPV-related cancers...

This study explores understanding of primary and secondary prevention of anal cancer among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected foreign-born Latino gay and bisexual men (GBM). Between August 2015 and December 2016, researchers conducted 33 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with HIV-infected foreign-born Latino GBM. Interview questions sought to determine participants' knowledge and perceived barriers and facilitators to primary and secondary prevention of anal cancer. Researchers analyzed interview transcripts using a qualitative content analysis approach...

Persistent infection with one or more highly oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) or high-risk-HPV (HR-HPV) is necessary but not a sufficient aetiological agent for the development of cervical neoplasia. A number of viral, host, environmental and behavioural factors are suggested to be associated with the progression of cervical disorder. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of environmental and behavioural cofactors on the development of cervical disorders in HR-HPV-infected women in Serbia. A total of 541 women have been tested by PCR for the presence of HPV on the cervix...

The aim of this study was to assess the levels of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and vaccination awareness among members of the general population across three Nigerian States. A descriptive cross-sectional study among 758 persons selected by convenience sampling was conducted from March to July 2016. Structured questionnaires were administered to consenting participants and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods in SPSS V20. Awareness to HPV infection and vaccination was very low at 1...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is currently the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States, with potentially serious health consequences, including cervical cancer. Young adults are particularly at risk of infection, but many remain unvaccinated. Low health literacy may contribute to poor knowledge of HPV and lack of vaccine uptake, and women living in the Southeastern United States are particularly at risk for lower vaccination rates and cervical cancer screening adherence. Three-hundred-sixty undergraduates at a Southeastern U...

Background: The national human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization program was introduced in England in September 2008 using the bivalent vaccine. Methods: We collected residual vulva-vaginal swab specimens from 16 to 24-year-old women attending for chlamydia screening between 2010 and 2016 and tested for HPV DNA. We compared changes in type-specific (vaccine and nonvaccine) HPV prevalence over time and association with vaccination coverage. For women with known vaccination status, vaccine effectiveness was estimated...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the patterns and prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) genotypes in people who are not vaccinated with HPV vaccines in Zunyi. METHODS: We retrospectively collected all HPV testing results in 3,393 patients at the Third Affiliated Hospital in Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China between January 2014 and December 2016. The prevalence of HPV genotypes based on different stages of cervical lesions and age groups was analyzed. The clinical data of 347 HPV-positive inpatients were also retrospectively collected, and difference in the age at first sexual encounter, smoking, pregnancy, and abortion status were compared...

Objective: The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of invasive cervical cancers is widely known. Few HPV studies have targeted geographically isolated regions. The objective of this study was to determine the HPV genotypes in cervical cancer patients from the Pacific Islands referred to Tripler Army Medical Center (TAMC). Methods: All cases of invasive cervical cancer treated at TAMC through the Pacific Island Health Care Project between January 2004 and October 2014 were identified through a review of pathology specimens...

Oncogenic high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections cause a substantial number of genital and non-genital cancers worldwide. Approximately 70% of all cervical cancers are caused by the high-risk HPV16 and 18 types. The remaining 30% can be attributed to twelve other high-risk HPV-types. Highly efficacious 2-valent, 4-valent and 9-valent L1 protein based prophylactic HPV vaccines are available however with limited cross-protection. To further increase the coverage, development of a multivalent cross-protective HPV vaccine is currently focused on the conserved N-terminus of HPV's L2 protein...

Human papilloma viruses (HPVs) are a group of double-stranded DNA viruses known to be the primary cause of cervical cancer. In addition, evidence has now established their role in non-melanoma skin cancers, head and neck cancer (HNC), and the development of other anogenital malignancies. The prevalence of HPV-related HNC, in particular oropharyngeal cancers, is rapidly increasing, foreseeing that HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers will outnumber uterine cervical cancers in the next 15⁻20 years. Therefore, despite the successful advent of vaccines originally licensed for cervical cancer prevention, HPV burden is still very high, and a better understanding of HPV biology is urgently needed...

Papillomavirus capsids are known to have the ability to package DNA plasmids and deliver them both in vitro and in vivo. Of all known papillomavirus types, human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are by far the most intensely studied. Although HPVs work well as gene transfer vectors, their use is limited as most individuals are exposed to this virus either through a HPV vaccination or natural infection. To circumvent these constraints, we produced pseudovirions (PsVs) of ten non-human papillomavirus types and tested their transduction efficiencies in vitro...

OBJECTIVES: The highly infectious human papillomavirus (HPV) causes both genital warts and cervical cancer in women. In 2009, the prevalence of genital warts in Hong Kong was 203.7 per 100,000 person-years. Cervical cancer, more seriously, was the eight most common cancer among women and girls in Hong Kong, accounting for 2.3% of all new cancer cases in females in 2014. Cervical cancer is a significant global public health problem and HPV is a major risk factor leading to the development of cervical cancer...

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 infection is one of the most important etiological agents of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Patients with HPV-associated carcinomas of the head and neck were reported to have a better clinical outcome than patients with HPV-negative tumors. Because HPV16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins are highly immunogenic and constitutively expressed, HPV-specific T cell immunity may play the key role in improving the prognosis of these patients. METHODS: Tumor-derived T cells were expanded in high levels of IL-2 and stimulated with HPV16 E6/E7 peptides in the presence or absence of anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody nivolumab and soluble Tim-3...

BACKGROUND: Parental attitudes play a key role in their decisions to vaccinate adolescents against the human papillomavirus (HPV). Little is known, however, about the formative experiences that shape parents' attitudes about the HPV vaccine. METHODS: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 25 parents of 11-17 year old adolescents in Wisconsin who changed their HPV vaccine attitudes (per prior surveys) over one year. A modified grounded theory approach was then used to generate primary themes of attitudinal determinants...

BACKGROUND: Women living with HIV (WLWH) have elevated risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) related cancers. OBJECTIVES: To assess prevalence, distribution and concordance of cervical, oral, and anal HPV infection, and predictors of oral and anal HPV in WLWH in Denmark. STUDY DESIGN: WLWH followed in the Study on HIV, cervical Abnormalities and infections in women in Denmark (SHADE) were enrolled and examined for cervical, oral, and anal HPV infection...

In the United States, an estimated 20 million people, or 15% of the population, are currently infected with human papilloma virus (HPV). The prevalence of HPV is increasing in females aged 14 to 24 years. Assessing allied health students' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding HPV was performed using a 34-question survey. The survey was in four sections: general information, measuring knowledge of HPV and the vaccine, HPV vaccine, and HPV screening and diagnosis. Physicians were noted by 31.6% of the participants as the first individual who gave them information about HPV...

Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer with over 500000 annually reported incident cases worldwide. Besides major risk factors tobacco and alcohol, oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) show increased association with human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV-associated and HPV-negative OSCC are 2 different entities regarding biological characteristics, therapeutic response, and patient prognosis. In HPV OSCC, viral oncoprotein activity, as well as genetic (mutations and chromosomal aberrations) and epigenetic alterations plays a key role during carcinogenesis...