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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ganesh Shunmugavel, Kannadhasan Suriyan, Jayachandran Arumugam
BACKGROUND: In this paper, we look at how to design and build a system to find tumors using 2 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models. With the help of digital image processing and deep Learning, we can make a system that automatically diagnoses and finds different diseases and abnormalities. The tumor detection system may include image enhancement, segmentation, data enhancement, feature extraction, and classification. These options are set up so that the CNN model can give the best results...
April 18, 2024: American Journal of Clinical Oncology
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katherine B McCullough, Amanda Titus, Kate Reardon, Sara Conyers, Joseph D Dougherty, Xia Ge, Joel R Garbow, Patricia Dickson, Carla M Yuede, Susan E Maloney
BACKGROUND: Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IIIB, also known as Sanfilippo Syndrome B, is a devastating childhood disease. Unfortunately, there are currently no available treatments for MPS IIIB patients. Yet, animal models of lysosomal storage diseases have been valuable tools in identifying promising avenues of treatment. Enzyme replacement therapy, gene therapy, and bone marrow transplant have all shown efficacy in the MPS IIIB model systems. A ubiquitous finding across rodent models of lysosomal storage diseases is that the best treatment outcomes resulted from intervention prior to symptom onset...
April 17, 2024: Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
#23
REVIEW
Tomo Tarui, Alexis C Gimovsky, Neel Madan
Advances in fetal brain neuroimaging, especially fetal neurosonography and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), allow safe and accurate anatomical assessments of fetal brain structures that serve as a foundation for prenatal diagnosis and counseling regarding fetal brain anomalies. Fetal neurosonography strategically assesses fetal brain anomalies suspected by screening ultrasound. Fetal brain MRI has unique technological features that overcome the anatomical limits of smaller fetal brain size and the unpredictable variable of intrauterine motion artifact...
April 10, 2024: Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yosuke Takeuchi, Teruaki Masuda, Noriyuki Kimura, Kaori Sumi, Mika Jikumaru, Nobuyuki Eura, Ichizo Nishino, Etsuro Matsubara
X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a rare genetic disorder caused by X-linked mutations in the MTM1 gene. Although heterozygous females are typically asymptomatic, affected cases have recently been reported. We herein report a case of XLMTM manifesting carrier of the pathogenic c.206dupG mutation in MTM1 with uncommon extramuscular symptoms. She developed gaze nystagmus and cognitive impairment in addition to muscle weakness. Electrophysiological studies and brain magnetic resonance imaging indicated the involvement of the central and peripheral nervous systems...
April 16, 2024: Internal Medicine
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julie K Wisch, Nicole S McKay, Anna H Boerwinkle, James Kennedy, Shaney Flores, Benjamin L Handen, Bradley T Christian, Elizabeth Head, Mark Mapstone, Michael S Rafii, Sid E O'Bryant, Julie C Price, Charles M Laymon, Sharon J Krinsky-McHale, Florence Lai, H Diana Rosas, Sigan L Hartley, Shahid Zaman, Ira T Lott, Dana Tudorascu, Matthew Zammit, Adam M Brickman, Joseph H Lee, Thomas D Bird, Annie Cohen, Patricio Chrem, Alisha Daniels, Jasmeer P Chhatwal, Carlos Cruchaga, Laura Ibanez, Mathias Jucker, Celeste M Karch, Gregory S Day, Jae-Hong Lee, Johannes Levin, Jorge Llibre-Guerra, Yan Li, Francisco Lopera, Jee Hoon Roh, John M Ringman, Charlene Supnet-Bell, Christopher H van Dyck, Chengjie Xiong, Guoqiao Wang, John C Morris, Eric McDade, Randall J Bateman, Tammie L S Benzinger, Brian A Gordon, Beau M Ances
BACKGROUND: In people with genetic forms of Alzheimer's disease, such as in Down syndrome and autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease, pathological changes specific to Alzheimer's disease (ie, accumulation of amyloid and tau) occur in the brain at a young age, when comorbidities related to ageing are not present. Studies including these cohorts could, therefore, improve our understanding of the early pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and be useful when designing preventive interventions targeted at disease pathology or when planning clinical trials...
May 2024: Lancet Neurology
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuka Fujimoto, Junya Fujino, Daisuke Matsuyoshi, Daisuke Jitoku, Nanase Kobayashi, Chenyu Qian, Shoko Okuzumi, Shisei Tei, Takehiro Tamura, Takefumi Ueno, Makiko Yamada, Hidehiko Takahashi
Excessive gaming can impair both mental and physical health, drawing widespread public and clinical attention, especially among young generations. People are now more exposed to gaming-related content on social media than before, and this exposure may have a significant impact on their behavior. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this effect remain unexplored. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), this study aimed to investigate the neural activity induced by gaming-related content on social media among young adults casually playing online games...
April 15, 2024: Behavioural Brain Research
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rene Weber, Frederic R Hopp, Allison Eden, Jacob T Fisher, Hye-Eun Lee
Punishment of moral norm violators is instrumental for human cooperation. Yet, social and affective neuroscience research has primarily focused on second- and third-party norm enforcement, neglecting the neural architecture underlying observed (vicarious) punishment of moral wrongdoers. We used naturalistic television drama as a sampling space for observing outcomes of morally-relevant behaviors to assess how individuals cognitively process dynamically evolving moral actions and their consequences. Drawing on Affective Disposition Theory, we derived hypotheses linking character morality with viewers' neural processing of characters' rewards and punishments...
April 15, 2024: NeuroImage
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dimitrios G Gkotsoulias, Carsten Jäger, Roland Müller, Tobias Gräßle, Karin M Olofsson, Torsten Møller, Steve Unwin, Catherine Crockford, Roman M Wittig, Berkin Bilgic, Harald E Möller
PURPOSE: Field-to-susceptibility inversion in quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is ill-posed and needs numerical stabilization through either regularization or oversampling by acquiring data at three or more object orientations. Calculation Of Susceptibility through Multiple Orientations Sampling (COSMOS) is an established oversampling approach and regarded as QSM gold standard. It achieves a well-conditioned inverse problem, requiring rotations by 0°, 60° and 120° in the yz-plane...
April 15, 2024: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
#29
REVIEW
Clara S Humpston, Todd S Woodward
In much contemporary psychiatric training and practice, there is a strong emphasis on the audible or perceptual quality and externality of auditory verbal hallucinations in clinical assessments. A typical question during clinical assessment is asking whether the voices that a person hears sound identical to the way the clinician's voice is heard. In this Personal View, we argue that the most important factor in auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia spectrum psychoses is a loss of first-person authority, and that a perceptual quality is not required for it to be this kind of hallucination...
April 12, 2024: Lancet Psychiatry
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kelin Xu, Yingzhe Wang, Yanfeng Jiang, Yawen Wang, Peixi Li, Heyang Lu, Chen Suo, Ziyu Yuan, Qi Yang, Qiang Dong, Li Jin, Mei Cui, Xingdong Chen
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sensor-based wearable devices help to obtain a wide range of quantitative gait parameters, which provides sufficient data to investigate disease-specific gait patterns. Although cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) plays a significant role in gait impairment, the specific gait pattern associated with a high burden of CSVD remains to be explored. METHODS: We analyzed the gait pattern related to high CSVD burden from 720 participants (aged 55-65 years, 42...
April 13, 2024: Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bogyeom Park, Yuwon Kim, Jinseok Park, Hojin Choi, Seong-Eun Kim, Hokyoung Ryu, Kyoungwon Seo
BACKGROUND: Early detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a transitional stage between normal aging and Alzheimer disease, is crucial for preventing the progression of dementia. Virtual reality (VR) biomarkers have proven to be effective in capturing behaviors associated with subtle deficits in instrumental activities of daily living, such as challenges in using a food-ordering kiosk, for early detection of MCI. On the other hand, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers have demonstrated their efficacy in quantifying observable structural brain changes that can aid in early MCI detection...
April 17, 2024: Journal of Medical Internet Research
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zach Eidex, Jing Wang, Mojtaba Safari, Eric Elder, Jacob Wynne, Tonghe Wang, Hui-Kuo Shu, Hui Mao, Xiaofeng Yang
BACKGROUND: 7 Tesla (7T) apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps derived from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) demonstrate improved image quality and spatial resolution over 3 Tesla (3T) ADC maps. However, 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) currently suffers from limited clinical unavailability, higher cost, and increased susceptibility to artifacts. PURPOSE: To address these issues, we propose a hybrid CNN-transformer model to synthesize high-resolution 7T ADC maps from multimodal 3T MRI...
April 17, 2024: Medical Physics
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Akash Virupakshaiah, Carson E Moseley, Steven Elicegui, Lee M Gerwitz, Collin M Spencer, Elizabeth George, Maulik Shah, Bruce A C Cree, Emmanuelle Waubant, Scott S Zamvil
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is one characteristic manifestation of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). A previously healthy man presented with retro-orbital headache and urinary retention 14 days after Tdap vaccination. Brain and spine MRI suggested a CNS demyelinating process. Despite treatment with IV steroids, he deteriorated, manifesting hemiparesis and later impaired consciousness, requiring intubation. A repeat brain MRI demonstrated new bilateral supratentorial lesions associated with venous sinus thrombosis, hemorrhage, and midline shift...
July 2024: Neurology® Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Arthur Araújo Massoud Salame, Helaine Laiz Silva Charchar, José Paulo de Oliveira Dourado, Berenice Mendonca, Guilherme Asmar Alencar, Leonardo José Tadeu de Araújo, Paula Ricci Arantes, Nicollas Nunes Rabelo, Eberval Gadelha Figueiredo, Maria Candida Barisson Villares Fragoso
INTRODUCTION: Meningiomas are the most common primary brain and central nervous system tumors, accounting for approximately 40% of these tumors. The most important exams for the radiological study of meningiomas are computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We aimed to analyze the radiological features of patients with meningioma related to the simultaneous presence of bilateral macronodular adrenocortical disease (BMAD), with or without pathogenic variants of ARMC5...
April 17, 2024: Journal of Neuro-oncology
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amir Karimzadeh, Kian Baradaran-Salimi, Berthold Voges, Ivayla Apostolova, Thomas Sauvigny, Michael Lanz, Susanne Klutmann, Stefan Stodieck, Philipp T Meyer, Ralph Buchert
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the post-injection electrical seizure duration on the identification of the seizure onset zone (SOZ) in ictal brain perfusion SPECT in presurgical evaluation of drug-resistant epilepsy. METHODS: 176 ictal SPECT performed with 99m Tc-HMPAO (n = 140) or -ECD (n = 36) were included retrospectively. Visual interpretation of the SPECT images (together with individual MRI and statistical hyperperfusion maps) with respect to lateralization (right, left, none) and localization (temporal, frontal, parietal, occipital) of the SOZ was performed by 3 independent readers...
April 17, 2024: EJNMMI Research
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mariasavina Severino, Domenico Tortora, Marcello Scala
Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive imaging modality that utilizes powerful magnets and radio waves to generate detailed images of the brain, making it a valuable tool for investigating malformations of cortical development (MCD). Various MRI techniques, including 3D T1-weighted, multiplanar thin-sliced T2-weighted, and 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences, can provide high-resolution images with excellent spatial and contrast resolution, allowing for a detailed visualization of cortical anatomy and abnormalities...
2024: Methods in Molecular Biology
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marcello Scala, Mariasavina Severino
Malformations of cortical development (MCDs) are a diverse group of disorders that result from abnormal neuronal migration, proliferation, and differentiation during brain development. Head computed tomography (CT) has limited use in the diagnosis of MCDs and should be reserved for selected cases with specific indications or when magnetic resonance imaging is not available or contraindicated. CT can detect brain calcifications associated with MCDs, thus helping in the differential diagnosis between acquired and genetic MCDs or in the identification of different genetic patterns...
2024: Methods in Molecular Biology
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Min Dai, Zhongwei Guo, Honglian Xia, Hong Zhu, Jiapeng Li, Hongtao Hou, Guizhi Zhao, Xiaozheng Liu
BACKGROUND: Although donepezil is a commonly used drug for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD), the mechanisms by which it affects patients' functional brain activity, and thus modulates clinical symptoms, remain unclear. METHODS: In the present study, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) to investigate the effects of donepezil on local brain activity in AD patients. Resting-state functional MRI data were collected from 32 subjects: 16 healthy controls and 16 AD patients...
April 17, 2024: Aging Clinical and Experimental Research
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robin B Brown, Daniel J Tozer, Laurence Loubière, Eric L Harshfield, Young T Hong, Tim D Fryer, Guy B Williams, Martin J Graves, Franklin I Aigbirhio, John T O'Brien, Hugh S Markus
INTRODUCTION: Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a common cause of stroke/vascular dementia with few effective treatments. Neuroinflammation and increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability may influence pathogenesis. In rodent models, minocycline reduced inflammation/BBB permeability. We determined whether minocycline had a similar effect in patients with SVD. METHODS: MINERVA was a single-center, phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial...
April 17, 2024: Alzheimer's & Dementia: the Journal of the Alzheimer's Association
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lisa C Silbert, Natalie E Roese, Victoria Krajbich, Justin Hurworth, David Lahna, Daniel L Schwartz, Hiroko H Dodge, Randall L Woltjer
INTRODUCTION: Age-related magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are common and associated with neurological decline. We investigated the histopathological underpinnings of MRI WMH and surrounding normal appearing white matter (NAWM), with a focus on astroglial phenotypes. METHODS: Brain samples from 51 oldest old Oregon Alzheimer's Disease Research Center participants who came to autopsy underwent post mortem (PM) 7 tesla MRI with targeted histopathological sampling of WMHs and NAWM...
April 17, 2024: Alzheimer's & Dementia: the Journal of the Alzheimer's Association
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