Arrhytmia , cardiomyopathy

INTRODUCTION: Inherited cardiomyopathies are associated with a broad spectrum of potentially lethal phenotypes characterized by structural and electrical myocardial remodeling. Increased awareness and genetic cascade screening lead to more genotype-positive, yet phenotype-negative individuals to be evaluated and followed up. The predictive value of genetic testing is hampered by incomplete penetrance and high variability in disease onset, progression and severity. CLINICAL CHALLENGES: Dilated cardiomyopathy usually manifests with symptoms of heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias (VA) develop in advanced disease...

Acromegaly is a rare disease with incidence of 3-4 patients per 1 000000 per year, which is mainly caused by benign tumour of the pituitary gland. Long-term presence of elevated growth hormone (GH) and insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels accompanying this disease is associated with rheumatologic, cardiovascular, pulmonary and metabolic complications. Cardiovascular complications of acromegaly include a cardiomyopathy, arterial hypertension, arrhytmias, valvulopathy as well as endothelial dysfunction...

Severe carbon monoxide intoxication may cause tissue injury by hypoxemia and histotoxicity. The affection of the heart muscle often leads to transient global or regional systolic dysfunction of left ventricle or both ventricles and increased occurences of malignant arrhytmias. On the contrary, stress-induced cardiomyopathy is described as temporary segmental loss of contractility, mostly in apical segments of the left ventricle with mid- and basal sparing and less common hypokinesias in mid- or basal parts, or affection of both ventricles...

Arrhythmogenic ventricular cardiomyopathy is considered to be a primary cardiomyopathy. Over the last few decades, although being a relatively rare disease with its prevalence 1:2000 - 1:5000, there were numerous studies performed with the aim to elucidate the underlaying causes, pathogenesis, diagnostical aspects and possible treatment options of the disease. Arrhythmogenic ventricular cardiomyopathy is genetically conditioned disease where proteins of the cell-cell junctions are involved. Mutations of the myocardial intercalated dics proteins, mainly desmosomal proteins (e...

Costello syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by failure to thrive, short stature, mental motor retardation, characteristic facial features, macrocephaly, a short neck, loose soft skin with deep palmar and plantar creases, and hypertrichosis. Cardiac involvement is seen in almost two thirds of patients, and is a determinant for the prognosis of Costello syndrome. The most common cardiac anomalies are pulmonary stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect and arrhytmia...

INTRODUCTION: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the main expression of uremic cardiomyopathy. Alteration of the diastolic function is frequently associated with LVH, indicating future cardiovascular events. Recent studies suggest that the Tissue Doppler (TID) of the mitral annulus obtains parameters of diastolic function that are not influenced by other factors, unlike what occurs with the pulsed Doppler (PD), and that the relationship between the velocity of the proto-diastolic waves of both techniques (E/E') would be the most important datum to diagnose a diastolic malfunction...

The combination of dilatation and systolic dysfunction of the left or both ventricles from idiopathic or specific origin define dilated cardiomyopathy (DC). It is an important cause of cardiac morbidity through congestive heart failure (CHF) or arrhythmias. Prevalence studies estimate a rate of left ventricular systolic dysfunction of 2% to 3% or more, and of 1.5% of CHF among the general population. Genetic studies on familial DC have identified at least 5 genetic locus. In addition, the role of virus, genetic abnormalities, immunologic responses and increased myocardial apoptosis are factors recognized factors that play a significant role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic DC...

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