Optical control

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we used ultra-wide field swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (UWF SS-OCTA) to assess changes in retinal thickness (RT) and choroidal parameters in individuals who had received a diagnosis of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). METHODS: The study encompassed the evaluation of 59 eyes from 47 patients with a diagnosis of CSC, alongside 33 fellow eyes and 31 eyes from healthy individuals (controls). The parameters assessed included RT, choroidal thickness (CT), choriocapillaris density, vascular density of the large choroidal vessel layer, three-dimensional choroidal vascularity index (3D-CVI), choroidal vessel volume per unit area (mCVV/a), and choroidal stroma volume per unit area (mCSV/a)...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the morphology of lamina cribrosa (LC) in preterm school-aged children. METHODS: A study of 120 eyes from 120 patients, including 42 full-term children (control group), 41 preterm children without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), 16 children with ROP treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB), and 21 children with ROP treated with laser. Five parameters of LC were measured by optical coherence tomography, including Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) diameter, minimum rim width (MRW), LC depth, prelaminar tissue (PLT) thickness, and LC curvature index (LCCI)...

Ge2 Sb2 Te5 (GST), the most mature phase-change materials (PCM), functions as a recoding layer in nonvolatile memory and optical discs by contrasting the physical properties upon phase transition between amorphous and crystalline phases. However, GST faces challenges such as a large extinction coefficient (k) and low thermal stability of the amorphous phase. In this study, we introduce RuSbTe as a new PCM to address the GST concerns. Notably, the crystallization temperature of the amorphous RuSbTe is approximately 350 °C, significantly higher than GST...

Carbon-based nanomaterials, such as carbon nanoplatelets, graphene oxide, and carbon quantum dots, have many possible end-use applications due to their ability to impart unique mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties to cement composites. Despite this potential, these materials are rarely used in the construction industry due to high material costs and limited data on performance and durability. In this study, domestic coal is used to fabricate low-cost carbon nanomaterials that can be used economically in cement formulations...

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Three-dimensional (3D) printing has become popular in dentistry, but studies on the influence of incorporating organic and inorganic nanofillers on 3D printed materials are lacking. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the flexural strength, color, and antimicrobial efficacy of 3D printed photopolymerizable resin upon adding titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) and silanized chitosan nanoparticles (s CS NPs). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A stereolithographic material (VarseoSmile Crown plus; Bego) was used as a control group (VSC resin), and 3 nanocomposite resin groups were prepared by adding nanoparticles as follow: titanium dioxide group (VSC resin + 0...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To compare the effects of repeated low-level red light (RLRL) treatment on axial length growth and refractive error changes in myopic and premyopic children. METHODS: Subjects were assigned randomly to four subgroups: myopia-RLRL group (M-RL), myopia-control group (M-C), premyopia-RLRL group (PM-RL) and premyopia-control group (PM-C). Subjects in the RLRL group completed a 12-month treatment composed of a 3 min RLRL treatment session twice daily, with an interval of at least 4 hours, for 7 days per week...

UNLABELLED: Preemptive analgesia is used for postoperative pain management, providing pain relief with few adverse effects. In this study, the effect of a preemptive regime on rat behavior and c-fos expression in the spinal cord of the uterine surgical pain model was evaluated. METHOD: It was a lab-based experimental study in which sixty female Sprague-Dawley rats; eight to ten weeks old, weighing 150-300 gm were used. The rats were divided into three main groups: i) Control group (CG), ii) superficial pain group (SG) (with skin incision only), iii) deep pain group (with skin and uterine incisions)...

PURPOSE: This study aims to define the characteristics of acquired vitelliform lesions (AVLs) in patients with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD). DESIGN: Retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study SUBJECTS: This study included 217 eyes with AVLs associated with iAMD, and an equivalent number of control patients. METHODS: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans were evaluated for qualitative and quantitative parameters at both the eye and lesion level...

In the current investigation, Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles were sustainably synthesized utilizing an extract derived from the Rumex dentatus plant through a green synthesis approach. The Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Ultra-violet visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Thermogravimetric analysis( TGA) techniques were used to examine the compositional, morphological, optical, and thermal properties of both samples...

The growth kinetics of colloidal lead halide perovskite (LHP) nanomaterials are an integral part of their applications, remains poorly understood due to complex nucleation processes and lack of in-situ size monitoring method. Here we demonstrated that absorption spectra can be used to observe in-situ growth processes of ultrathin CsPbBr3 nanowires in solution with reference to the effective mass infinite deep square potential well model. By means of this method, we have found that the ultrathin nanowires, fabricated by hot injection method, were firstly formed within one minute...

Psychiatric disorders are associated with serve disturbances in cognition, emotional control, and/or behavior regulation, yet few routine clinical tools are available for the real-time evaluation and early-stage diagnosis of mental health. Abnormal levels of relevant biomarkers may imply biological, neurological, and developmental dysfunctions of psychiatric patients. Exploring biosensors that can provide rapid, in-situ, and real-time monitoring of psychiatric biomarkers is therefore vital for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of mental disorders...

Graphene's emergence enables creating chiral metamaterials in helical shapes for terahertz applications, overcoming material limitations. However, practical implementation remains theoretical due to fabrication challenges. This paper introduces a dual-component self-assembly technique that enables creating vertically-aligned continuous monolayer graphene helices at microscale with great flexibility and high controllability. This assembly process not only facilitates the creation of three-dimensional (3D) microstructures, but also positions the 3D structures from a horizontal to a vertical orientation, achieving an aspect ratio (height/width) of approximately 2700...

Nonlocal effects originating from interactions between neighboring meta-atoms introduce additional degrees of freedom for peculiar characteristics of metadevices, such as enhancement, selectivity, and spatial modulation. However, they are generally difficult to manipulate because of the collective responses of multiple meta-atoms. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the nonlocal metasurface to realize the spatial modulation of dark-field emission. Plasmonic asymmetric split rings (ASRs) are designed to simultaneously excite local dipole resonance and nonlocal quasi-bound states in the continuum and spatially extended modes...

A change of orbital state alters the coupling between ions and their surroundings drastically. Orbital excitations are hence key to understand and control interaction of ions. Rare-earth elements with strong magneto-crystalline anisotropy (MCA) are important ingredients for magnetic devices. Thus, control of their localized 4 f magnetic moments and anisotropy is one major challenge in ultrafast spin physics. With time-resolved x-ray absorption and resonant inelastic scattering experiments, we show for Tb metal that 4 f -electronic excitations out of the ground-state multiplet occur after optical pumping...

Design of hardware based on biological principles of neuronal computation and plasticity in the brain is a leading approach to realizing energy- and sample-efficient AI and learning machines. An important factor in selection of the hardware building blocks is the identification of candidate materials with physical properties suitable to emulate the large dynamic ranges and varied timescales of neuronal signaling. Previous work has shown that the all-or-none spiking behavior of neurons can be mimicked by threshold switches utilizing material phase transitions...

Traditional optical flame detectors (OFDs) in flame detection are susceptible to environmental interference, which will inevitably cause detection errors and miscalculations when confronted with a complex environment. The conventional deep learning-based models can mitigate the interference of complex environments by flame image feature extraction, which significantly improves the precision of flame recognition. However, these models focus on identifying the general profile of the static flame, but neglect to effectively locate the source of the dynamic flame...

PURPOSE: Fluorescence lifetime ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) is an emerging clinical modality that could provide biomarkers of retinal health beyond fluorescence intensity. Adaptive optics (AO) ophthalmoscopy provides the confocality to measure fluorescence lifetime (FL) primarily from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) whereas clinical FLIO has greater influence from fluorophores in the inner retina and lens. Adaptive optics fluorescence lifetime ophthalmoscopy (AOFLIO) measures of FL in vivo could provide insight into RPE health at different stages of disease...

Synchrotron light sources can provide the required spatial coherence, stability and control to support the development of advanced lithography at the extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray wavelengths that are relevant to current and future fabricating technologies. Here an evaluation of the optical performance of the soft X-ray (SXR) beamline of the Australian Synchrotron (AS) and its suitability for developing interference lithography using radiation in the 91.8 eV (13.5 nm) to 300 eV (4...

Bismuth halide perovskites are widely regarded as nontoxic alternatives to lead halide perovskites for optoelectronics and solar energy harvesting applications. With a tailorable composition and intriguing optical properties, bismuth halide perovskites are also promising candidates for tunable photonic devices. However, robust control of the anion composition in bismuth halide perovskites remains elusive. Here, we established chemical vapor deposition and anion exchange protocols to synthesize bismuth halide perovskite nanoflakes with controlled dimensions and variable compositions...

Trace elements are essential micronutrients for the human body. Their roles are indispensable, as they are involved in a wide range of vital biological processes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate alterations in trace elements in the blood and bone marrow serum of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NMM). The levels of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), selenium (Se), arsenic (As), boron (B), nickel (Ni), silicon (Si) and chromium (Cr) were analyzed in the venous blood samples of the patient group comprising 70 patients with NMM (41 males and 29 females) and compared to those in the control group comprising 30 individuals (18 males and 12 females)...