zwitterionic polymer

Mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefins (mNHOs) have recently emerged as a novel class of highly nucleophilic and super-basic σ-donor compounds. Making use of these properties in synthetic polymer chemistry, it is shown that a combination of a specific mNHO and a Mg-based Lewis acid (magnesium bis(hexamethyldisilazide), Mg(HMDS)2 ) delivers poly(propylene oxide) in quantitative yields from the polymerization of the corresponding epoxide (0.1 mol.-% mNHO loading). The initiation mechanism involves monomer activation by the Lewis acid and direct ring-opening of the monomer by nucleophilic attack of the mNHO, forming a zwitterionic propagating species...

Tumor penetration is a critical determinant of the therapy efficacy of nanomedicines. However, the dense extracellular matrix (ECM) in tumors significantly hampers the deep penetration of nanomedicines, resulting in large drug-untouchable areas and unsatisfactory therapy efficacy. Herein, we synthesized a third-generation PAMAM-cored multiarm copolymer and modified the polymer with collagenase to enhance its tumor penetration. Each arm of the copolymer was a diblock copolymer of poly(glutamic acid)- b -poly(carboxybetaine), in which the polyglutamic acid block with abundant side groups was used to link the anticancer agent doxorubicin through the pH-sensitive acylhydrazone linkage, and the zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine) block provided desired water solubility and anti-biofouling capability...

Sandwich culture systems are techniques that cultivate cells by sandwiching them between the top and bottom substrates. Since the substrates can be separated, the system is expected to be applied to the construct layering of patterned cells and to the isolation of stacked cells. In this study, we prepared hydrogels composed of zwitterionic sulfabetaine polymers, poly[2-(2-(methacryloyloxyethyl)dimethylammonio)ethyl-1-sulfate] (PZBMA). The ZBMA homopolymers have been shown to form aggregates in aqueous solutions due to their intermolecular interactions...

Organic and polymer fluorescent nanomaterials have been a frontier research focus. Here in this work, a series of fluorinated zwitterionic random copolymers end-attached with a quasi-chromophoric group of pyrene or tetraphenylethylene (TPE) have been well synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization with activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET ATRP). Those random copolymers with total degree of polymerization 100 or 200 are able to produce fluorescent single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) through intra-chain self-folding assembly with quite uniform diameters in the range of 10∼20 nm as characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy...

The fouling of separation membranes has consistently been a primary factor contributing to the decline in membrane performance. Enhancing the surface hydrophilicity of the membrane proves to be an effective strategy in mitigating membrane fouling in water treatment processes. Zwitterionic polymers (containing an equimolar number of homogeneously distributed anionic and cationic groups on the polymer chains) have been used extensively as one of the best antifouling materials for surface modification. The conventional application of zwitterionic compounds as surface modifiers is intricate and inefficient, adding complexity and length to the membrane preparation process, particularly on an industrial scale...

Hybrid materials based on calcium phosphates and synthetic polymers can potentially be used for caries protection due to their similarity to hard tissues in terms of composition, structure and a number of properties. This study is focused on the biomimetic synthesis of hybrid materials consisting of hydroxiapatite and the zwitterionic polymers polysulfobetaine (PSB) and polycarboxybetaine (PCB) using controlled media conditions with a constant pH of 8.0-8.2 and Ca/P = 1.67. The results show that pH control is a dominant factor in the crystal phase formation, so nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite with a Ca/P ratio of 1...

BACKGROUND: Arteriovenous (AV) grafts often develop severe complications of stenosis due to neointimal proliferation that occurs either at the venous anastomosis site or at the outflow receiving vein. This study compares primary patency during 12 months of follow up for a new experimental Biomodics© interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) drug-eluting graft prototype with state-of-the-art GORE® ACUSEAL (ACUSEAL) in an AV graft model in sheep. METHODS AND RESULTS: An end-to-end bypass from the common carotid artery to the jugularis vein was performed bilaterally in 12 sheep...

A method based on novel restricted access materials (RAMs) for the determination of neonicotinoid pesticides in Goji samples using offline and online solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (LC). RAMs were synthesized using poly(chloromethylstyrene-co-divinylbenzene) (PVBC/DVB ) microspheres as substrate, styrene (St) and n-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) were first copolymerized on the interior to construct adsorption sites, and sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) was then polymerized on the exterior to form exclusion sites via two-step surface initiated-atom transfer polymerization...

High-performance catheters are essential for interventional surgeries, requiring reliable anti-adhesive and lubricated surfaces. This article develops a strategy for constructing high-density sulfobetaine zwitterionic polymer brushes on the surface of catheters, utilizing dopamine and sodium alginate as the primary intermediate layers, where dopamine provides mussel-protein-like adhesion to anchor the polymer brushes to the catheter surface. Hydroxyl-rich sodium alginate increases the number of grafting sites and improves the grafting mass by more than 4 times...

Montmorillonite (Mt) is a hydrophilic clay mineral with a generally high cationic exchange capacity and a remarkable swellability in water. Yet the application of Mt in cosmetics, paints, polymer nanocomposites, drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering are limited due to its unfavorable swelling and dispersion in alcohol/water mixtures. Improving the swellability and dispersibility of Mt in mixtures of ethanol and water remains challenging. Here, we showed that the swellability and dispersibility of Mt in ethanol/water could be significantly enhanced when lithium-Mt (Li-Mt) was intercalated by zwitterionic surfactant lauramidopropyl betaine (LPB)...

Zwitterionic-based systems offer promise as next-generation drug delivery biomaterials capable of enhancing nanoparticle (NP) stimuli-responsiveness, biorecognition, and biocompatibility. Further, imidazole-functionalized amphiphilic zwitterions are able to readily bind to various biological macromolecules, enabling antifouling properties for enhanced drug delivery efficacy and bio-targeting. Herein, we describe structurally tuned zwitterionic imidazole-based ionic liquid (ZIL)-coated PEG-PLGA nanoparticles made with sonicated nanoprecipitation...

Zwitterionic polymers are an emerging family of effective, low-fouling materials that can withstand unintended interactions with biological systems while exhibiting enhanced activity in bacterial matrix deterioration and biofilm eradication. Herein, we modularly synthesized an amphiphilic block copolymer, ZABCP , featuring potential bacteriostatic properties composed of a charge-switchable polyzwitterionic segment and a redox-sensitive pendant disulfide-labeled polymethacrylate block. The leucine-appended polyzwitterionic segment with alternatively positioned cationic amine and anionic carboxylate functionalities undergoes charge alterations (+ve → 0 → -ve) on pH variation...

Surface modification through dopamine-assisted codeposition with functional zwitterionic polymers can provide a simple and one-step functionalization under ambient conditions with robust and stable dopamine-surface interactions to improve the hydrophilicity of nanoporous membranes, thereby expanding their applicability to nanofiltration, ion transport, and blood purification. However, a significant knowledge gap remains in our comprehension of the mechanisms underlying the formation and deposition of dopamine/polymer aggregated coatings within nanoscale confinement...

Surface modification of electrically neutral hydrophilic polymers is one of the most promising methods for preventing biofouling and biological contamination by proteins and bacteria. Surface modification of inorganic materials such as silica-based glass can render them more durable and thus help in achieving the sustainable development goals. This study reports a novel method for the simple and effective surface modification of glass surfaces with amphiphilic block copolymers possessing the silane coupling segment composed of 3-(methacryloyloxy)propyltris (trimethylsilyloxy) silane and 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane...

A simple strategy was adopted for the preparation of an antimicrobial natural rubber/graphene oxide (NR/GO) composite film modified through the use of zwitterionic polymer brushes. An NR/GO composite film with antibacterial properties was prepared using a water-based solution-casting method. The composited GO was dispersed uniformly in the NR matrix and compensated for mechanical loss in the process of modification. Based on the high bromination activity of α-H in the structure of cis -polyisoprene, the composite films were brominated on the surface through the use of N -bromosuccinimide (NBS) under the irradiation of a 40 W tungsten lamp...

Our study aimed to introduce a novel double-cross-linked and thermoresponsive hydrogel with remarkable potential for accelerating third-degree burn wound healing. Burn injuries are recognized as challenging, critical wounds. Especially in third-degree burns, treatment is demanding due to extended wounds, irregular shapes, significant exudation, and intense pain during dressing changes. In this work, hydrogels made of zwitterionic chitosan and dialdehyde starch (ZCS and ZDAS) were created to deliver silymarine (SM) and levofloxacin (LEV)...

Gram-negative bacterium Acinetobacter sp. Tol 5 exhibits high adhesiveness to various surfaces of general materials, from hydrophobic plastics to hydrophilic glass and metals, via AtaA, an Acinetobacter trimeric autotransporter adhesin Although the adhesion of Tol 5 is nonspecific, Tol 5 cells may have prefer materials for adhesion. Here, we examined the adhesion of Tol 5 and other bacteria expressing different TAAs to various materials, including antiadhesive surfaces. The results highlighted the stickiness of Tol 5 through the action of AtaA, which enabled Tol 5 cells to adhere even to antiadhesive materials, including polytetrafluoroethylene with a low surface free energy, a hydrophilic polymer brush with steric hindrance, and mica with an ultrasmooth surface...

Amid growing interest in using body heat for electricity in wearables, creating stretchable devices poses a major challenge. Herein, a hydrogel composed of two core constituents, namely the negatively-charged 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and the zwitterionic (ZI) sulfobetaine acrylamide, is engineered into a double-network hydrogel. This results in a significant enhancement in mechanical properties, with tensile stress and strain of up to 470.3 kPa and 106.6%, respectively. Moreover, the ZI nature of the polymer enables the fabrication of a device with polar thermoelectric properties by modulating the pH...

Restoration of the lubrication functions of articular cartilage is an effective treatment to alleviate the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Herein, we fabricated chitosan-block-poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (CS-b-pSBMA) copolymer via a free radical polymerization of sulfobetaine methacrylate onto activated chitosan segment, structurally mimicking the lubricating biomolecules on cartilage. The successful copolymerization of CS-b-pSBMA was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance...

Surface fouling poses a significant challenge that restricts the analytical performance of electrochemical sensors in both in vitro and in vivo applications. Biofouling resistance is paramount to guarantee the reliable operation of electrochemical sensors in complex biofluids (e.g., blood, serum, and urine). Seeking efficient strategies for surface fouling and establishing highly sensitive sensing platforms for applications in complex media have received increasing attention in the past. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent research efforts focused on antifouling electrochemical sensors...