keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534343/the-exon-junction-complex-factor-rbm8a-in-glial-fibrillary-acid-protein-expressing-astrocytes-modulates-locomotion-behaviors
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shravan Asthana, Jennifer Mott, Mabel Tong, Zifei Pei, Yingwei Mao
The role of RNA Binding Motif Protein 8a (RBM8A), an exon junction complex (EJC) component, in neurodevelopmental disorders has been increasingly studied for its crucial role in regulating multiple levels of gene expression. It regulates mRNA splicing, translation, and mRNA degradation and influences embryonic development. RBM8A protein is expressed in both neurons and astrocytes, but little is known about RBM8A's specific role in glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes. To address the role of RBM8A in astrocytes, we generated a conditional heterozygous knockout (KO) mouse line of Rbm8a in astrocytes using a GFAP-cre line...
March 13, 2024: Cells
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531502/low-frequency-stimulation-for-seizure-suppression-identification-of-optimal-targets-in-the-entorhinal-hippocampal-circuit
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Piret Kleis, Enya Paschen, Ute Häussler, Carola A Haas
BACKGROUND: Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a common form of drug-resistant focal epilepsy in adults. Treatment for pharmacoresistant patients remains a challenge, with deep brain stimulation (DBS) showing promise for alleviating intractable seizures. This study explores the efficacy of low-frequency stimulation (LFS) on specific neuronal targets within the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit in a mouse model of MTLE. OBJECTIVE: /Hypothesis: Our previous research demonstrated that LFS of the medial perforant path (MPP) fibers in the sclerotic hippocampus reduced seizures in epileptic mice...
March 24, 2024: Brain Stimulation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531170/intraoral-cultural-tattooing-possible-forensic-utility
#3
John K Brooks, Alexander J Trummer
The custom of oral tattooing is mainly performed in Ethiopia and Eritrea, and usually results in blue pigmentation of the maxillary gingiva in dentate individuals. However, its usefulness has not been explored in the forensic literature. The aim of this article is to provide a review of this custom and include an unusual case study involving persistent gingival pigmentation. Herein, this report describes a 43-year-old woman from Eritrea who presented with slight bluish hue of the edentulous maxillary ridge associated with cultural tattooing...
March 14, 2024: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531089/posterior-transdural-approach-for-thoracic-corpectomies-in-the-setting-of-complex-spine-deformity-reconstruction
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samuel Brehm, Miguel A Ruiz-Cardozo, Magalie Cadieux, Karma Barot, Karan Joseph, Tim Bui, Michael Ryan Kann, Sofia Lopez-Alviar, Gabriel Trevino, Alexander T Yahanda, Taryn E LeRoy, Julio J Jauregui, Nicholas A Pallotta, Camilo A Molina
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There are many surgical approaches for execution of a thoracic corpectomy. In cases of challenging deformity, traditional posterior approaches might not be sufficient to complete the resection of the vertebral body. In this technical note, we describe indications and technique for a transdural multilevel high thoracic corpectomy. METHODS: A 25-year-old man with a history of neurofibromatosis type 1 presented with instrumentation failure after a previous T1-T12 posterior spinal fusion, extensive laminectomy, and tumor resection...
March 26, 2024: Operative Neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527063/maladaptation-of-dentate-gyrus-mossy-cells-mediates-contextual-discrimination-deficit-after-traumatic-stress
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Minseok Jeong, Jin-Hyeok Jang, Seo-Jin Oh, Jeongrak Park, Junseop Lee, Sehyeon Hwang, Yong-Seok Oh
Fear overgeneralization is a maladaptive response to traumatic stress that is associated with the inability to discriminate between threat and safety contexts, a hallmark feature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the neural mechanisms underlying this deficit remain unclear. Here, we show that traumatic stress exposure impairs contextual discrimination between threat and safety contexts in the learned helplessness (LH) model. Mossy cells (MCs) in the dorsal hippocampus are suppressed in response to traumatic stress...
March 23, 2024: Cell Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525357/%C3%AF-two-new-ant-species-of-the-genus-leptogenys-hymenoptera-formicidae-from-hainan-china-with-a-key-to-the-known-chinese-species
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chao Chen, Zhilin Chen, Zhenghui Xu, Qishan Fu, Liwen Fu
Two new species of ponerine ants from Hainan Province, China, Leptogenyshainanensis sp. nov. and L.zhoui sp. nov. , are delineated and depicted based on the worker caste. Leptogenyshainanensis sp. nov. belongs to the L.leleji species group, with mandibles elongate, slender and curved, lacking a distinct masticatory margin. On the other hand, L.zhoui sp. nov. belongs to the L.crassicornis species group, distinguished by its square head, smooth body, mandibles with a dentate masticatory margin, and short antennae...
2024: ZooKeys
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525178/patterns-and-predictors-of-tooth-loss-among-partially-dentate-individuals-in-jordan-a-cross-sectional-study
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anas Alibrahim, Hamza Al Salieti, Mohammad Alrawashdeh, Hisham Darweesh, Hussein Alsaleh
AIM: This study aimed to examine the patterns of partial edentulism and the associated risk factors in Jordan. METHODS: A cross-sectional, epidemiological study was carried out across Jordan, and data was collected from adult partially dentate patients in various healthcare facilities. The data collected included sociodemographic data, dental and social history, and clinical examination findings for the jaw and teeth. Multivariate regression models were used to determine the predictors for the number of missing teeth...
March 2024: Saudi Dental Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523798/sleep-dependent-engram-reactivation-during-hippocampal-memory-consolidation-associated-with-subregion-specific-biosynthetic-changes
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lijing Wang, Lauren Park, Weisheng Wu, Dana King, Alexis Vega-Medina, Frank Raven, Jessy Martinez, Amy Ensing, Katherine McDonald, Zhongying Yang, Sha Jiang, Sara J Aton
Post-learning sleep is essential for hippocampal memory processing, including contextual fear memory consolidation. We labeled context-encoding engram neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and assessed reactivation of these neurons after fear learning. Post-learning sleep deprivation (SD) selectively disrupted reactivation of inferior blade DG engram neurons, linked to SD-induced suppression of neuronal activity in the inferior, but not superior DG blade. Subregion-specific spatial profiling of transcripts revealed that transcriptomic responses to SD differed greatly between hippocampal CA1, CA3, and DG inferior blade, superior blade, and hilus...
April 19, 2024: IScience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522659/canonical-wnt-activator-chir99021-prevents-epileptogenesis-in-the-intrahippocampal-kainate-mouse-model-of-temporal-lobe-epilepsy
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Muriel D Mardones, Kevin D Rostam, Margaret C Nickerson, Kunal Gupta
The Wnt signaling pathway mediates the development of dentate granule cell neurons in the hippocampus. These neurons are central to the development of temporal lobe epilepsy and undergo structural and physiological remodeling during epileptogenesis, which results in the formation of epileptic circuits. The pathways responsible for granule cell remodeling during epileptogenesis have yet to be well defined, and represent therapeutic targets for the prevention of epilepsy. The current study explores Wnt signaling during epileptogenesis and for the first time describes the effect of Wnt activation using Wnt activator Chir99021 as a novel anti-epileptogenic therapeutic approach...
March 22, 2024: Experimental Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521237/impact-of-the-superimposition-methods-and-the-designated-comparison-area-on-accuracy-analyses-in-dentate-models
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alvaro Limones, Pedro Molinero-Mourelle, Gülce Çakmak, Samir Abou-Ayash, Silvia Delgado, Juan Antonio Martínez Vázquez de Parga, Alicia Celemín
OBJECTIVES: To measure the impact of superimposition methods and the designated comparison area on accuracy analyses of dentate models using an ISO-recommended 3-dimensional (3D) metrology-grade inspection software (Geomagic Control X; 3D Systems; Rock Hill, South Carolina; USA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A dentate maxillary typodont scanned with a desktop scanner (E4; 3 Shape; Copenhagen; Denmark) and an intraoral scanner (Trios 4; 3 Shape; Copenhagen; Denmark) was used as reference...
March 21, 2024: Journal of Dentistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38519576/role-of-folate-receptor-%C3%AE-in-the-partial-rejuvenation-of-dentate-gyrus-cells-improvement-of-cognitive-function-in-21-month-old-aged-mice
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A Antón-Fernández, R Cuadros, R Peinado-Cahuchola, F Hernández, Jesús Avila
Neuronal aging may be, in part, related to a change in DNA methylation. Thus, methyl donors, like folate and methionine, may play a role in cognitive changes associated to neuronal aging. To test the role of these metabolites, we performed stereotaxic microinjection of these molecules into the dentate gyrus (DG) of aged mice (an average age of 21 month). Folate, but not S-Adenosyl-Methionine (SAM), enhances cognition in aged mice. In the presence of folate, we observed partial rejuvenation of DG cells, characterized by the expression of juvenile genes or reorganization of extracellular matrix...
March 22, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38515286/tamoxifen-exerts-direct-and-microglia-mediated-effects-preventing-neuroinflammatory-changes-in-the-adult-mouse-hippocampal-neurogenic-niche
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Isabella Crisci, Sara Bonzano, Zinter Nicolas, Eleonora Dallorto, Paolo Peretto, Wojciech Krezel, Silvia De Marchis
Tamoxifen-inducible systems are widely used in research to control Cre-mediated gene deletion in genetically modified animals. Beyond Cre activation, tamoxifen also exerts off-target effects, whose consequences are still poorly addressed. Here, we investigated the impact of tamoxifen on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammatory responses, focusing on the neurogenic activity in the adult mouse dentate gyrus. We demonstrated that a four-day LPS treatment led to an increase in microglia, astrocytes and radial glial cells with concomitant reduction of newborn neurons...
March 21, 2024: Glia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38514038/taar1-in-dentate-gyrus-is-involved-in-chronic-stress-induced-impairments-in-hippocampal-plasticity-and-cognitive-function
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yue Zhang, Xian-Qiang Zhang, Wei-Pan Niu, Meng Sun, Yanan Zhang, Ji-Tao Li, Tian-Mei Si, Yun-Ai Su
Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) holds promise as a potential target for stress-related disorders, such as treating major depressive disorder (MDD). The role of TAAR1 in the regulation of adult neurogenesis is recently supported by transcriptomic data. However, it remains unknown whether TAAR1 in dentate gyrus (DG) mediate chronic stress-induced negative effects on hippocampal plasticity and related behavior in mice. The present study consisted of a series of experiments using RNAscope, genetic approaches, behavioral tests, immunohistochemical staining, Golgi-Cox technique to unravel the effects of TAAR1 on alterations of dentate neuronal plasticity and cognitive function in the chronic social defeat stress model...
March 19, 2024: Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38510699/quantitative-susceptibility-mapping-for-iron-monitoring-of-multiple-subcortical-nuclei-in-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#14
Sana Mohammadi, Sadegh Ghaderi, Fatemeh Sayehmiri, Mobina Fathi
INTRODUCTION: Iron accumulation in the brain has been linked to diabetes, but its role in subcortical structures involved in motor and cognitive functions remains unclear. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) allows the non-invasive quantification of iron deposition in the brain. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined magnetic susceptibility measured by QSM in the subcortical nuclei of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared with controls. METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched [following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines] for studies reporting QSM values in the deep gray matter (DGM) regions of patients with T2DM and controls...
2024: Frontiers in Endocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38508382/loss-of-efficacy-in-ventral-intermediate-nucleus-stimulation-for-essential-tremor
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jakov Tiefenbach, Jeryl Ritzi T Yu, Efstathios D Kondylis, Darlene Floden, Kenneth B Baker, Hubert H Fernandez, Andre G Machado
OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this study is report long-term outcomes associate with deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) performed at our institution. We further aimed to elicit the factors associated with loss of efficacy, and to discuss the need for exploring and establishing reliable rescue targets. METHODS: To study long-term outcomes, we performed a retrospective chart review and extracted tremor scores of forty-three patients who underwent VIM DBS lead implantation for ET at our center...
March 18, 2024: World Neurosurgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38506630/conditioned-morphine-tolerance-promotes-neurogenesis-dendritic-remodelling-and-pro-plasticity-molecules-in-the-adult-rat-hippocampus
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ghazaleh Ghamkhari Nejad, Francesca Mottarlini, Zohreh Tavassoli, Lucia Caffino, Fabio Fumagalli, Judith R Homberg, Yaghoub Fathollahi
Structural neuroplasticity of the hippocampus in the form of neurogenesis and dendritic remodelling underlying morphine tolerance is still less known. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to assess whether unconditioned- and conditioned-morphine tolerance can trigger structural neuroplasticity in the dorsal and ventral parts of the adult male rat hippocampus. Evaluation of the levels of neurogenesis markers (Ki67 and DCX) by immunohistochemistry shows that conditioned morphine tolerance is sufficient to increase the baseline topographic level of hippocampal neurogenesis in adult rats...
March 2024: Addiction Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38503495/intrinsic-and-synaptic-contributions-to-repetitive-spiking-in-dentate-granule-cells
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wen-Chi Shu, Meyer B Jackson
Repetitive firing of granule cells (GCs) in the dentate gyrus facilitates synaptic transmission to the CA3 region. This facilitation can gate and amplify the flow information through the hippocampus. High frequency bursts in the dentate gyrus are linked to behavior and plasticity, but GCs do not readily burst. Under normal conditions, a single shock to the perforant path in a hippocampal slice typically drives a GC to fire a single spike, and only occasionally more than one spike is seen. Repetitive spiking in GCs is not robust and the mechanisms are poorly understood...
March 19, 2024: Journal of Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38501376/hippocampal-neurodegeneration-induces-transient-endogenous-regeneration-and-long-term-exhaustion-of-the-neurogenic-niche
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jhilik Dey, Sreyashi Chandra, Jalaj Gupta, Prem Prakash Tripathi
The hippocampal dentate gyrus, responds to diverse pathological stimuli through neurogenesis. This phenomenon, observed following brain injury or neurodegeneration, is postulated to contribute to neuronal repair and functional recovery, thereby presenting an avenue for endogenous neuronal restoration. This study investigated the extent of regenerative response in hippocampal neurogenesis by leveraging the well-established kainic acid-induced status epilepticus model in vivo. In our study, we observed the activation and proliferation of neuronal progenitors or neural stem cell (NSC) and their subsequent migration to the injury sites following the seizure...
March 19, 2024: Journal of Cellular Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38501294/differential-contributions-of-the-hippocampal-dentate-gyrus-and-cornu-ammonis-1-subfield-to-mnemonic-discrimination
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Krista A Mitchnick, Hannah Marlatte, Zorry Belchev, Fuqiang Gao, R Shayna Rosenbaum
Evidence suggests that individual hippocampal subfields are preferentially involved in various memory-related processes. Here, we demonstrated dissociations in these memory processes in two unique individuals with near-selective bilateral damage within the hippocampus, affecting the dentate gyrus (DG) in case BL and the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) subfield in case BR. BL was impaired in discriminating highly similar objects in memory (i.e., mnemonic discrimination) but exhibited preserved overall recognition of studied objects, regardless of similarity...
March 19, 2024: Hippocampus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38499966/the-continuously-evolving-phenotype-of-succinic-semialdehyde-dehydrogenase-deficiency
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Natalia Alexandra Julia-Palacios, Oya Kuseyri Hübschmann, Mireia Olivella, Roser Pons, Gabriella Horvath, Thomas Lücke, Cheuk-Wing Fung, Suet-Na Wong, Elisenda Cortès-Saladelafont, M Mar Rovira-Remisa, Yılmaz Yıldız, Saadet Mercimek-Andrews, Birgit Assmann, Galina Stevanović, Filippo Manti, Heiko Brennenstuhl, Sabine Jung-Klawitter, Kathrin Jeltsch, H Serap Sivri, Sven F Garbade, Àngels García-Cazorla, Thomas Opladen
The objective of the study is to evaluate the evolving phenotype and genetic spectrum of patients with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD) in long-term follow-up. Longitudinal clinical and biochemical data of 22 pediatric and 9 adult individuals with SSADHD from the patient registry of the International Working Group on Neurotransmitter related Disorders (iNTD) were studied with in silico analyses, pathogenicity scores and molecular modeling of ALDH5A1 variants. Leading initial symptoms, with onset in infancy, were developmental delay and hypotonia...
March 18, 2024: Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease
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