Expectations

DISCLAIMER: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. PURPOSE: To report historical patterns of pharmaceutical expenditures, to identify factors that may influence future spending, and to predict growth in drug spending in 2024 in the United States, with a focus on the nonfederal hospital and clinic sectors...

Cognitive impairment can negatively influence daily functioning. Current cognitive measures are essential for diagnosing cognitive impairment, but findings on these tests do not always represent the level of cognitive functioning in daily life. Therefore, this study aimed to design a structured measurement instrument to observe and rate the impact of cognitive impairment in daily life, named the cognition in daily life scale for persons with cognitive problems (CDL). In this paper we describe the development, expected usability, and psychometric properties (content and face validity) of the instrument...

Batteries with intercalation-conversion-type electrodes tend to achieve high-capacity storage, but the complicated reaction process often suffers from confusing electrochemical mechanisms. Here, we reinterpreted the essential issue about the potential of the conversion reaction and whether there is an intercalation reaction in a lithium/sodium-ion battery (LIB/SIB) with the FeP anode based on the evolution of the magnetic phase. Especially, the ever-present intercalation process in a large voltage range followed by the conversion reaction with extremely low potential was confirmed in FeP LIB, while it is mainly the conversion reaction for the sodium storage mechanism in FeP SIB...

Using petroleum-derived plastics has contributed significantly to environmental issues, such as greenhouse gas emissions and the accumulation of plastic waste in ecosystems. Researchers have focused on developing ecofriendly polymers as alternatives to traditional plastics to address these concerns. This review provides a comprehensive overview of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHAs), biodegradable biopolymers produced by microorganisms that show promise in replacing conventional plastics. The review discusses the classification, properties, and potential substrates of less studied mcl-PHAs, highlighting their greater ductility and flexibility compared to poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), a well-known but brittle PHA...

BACKGROUND: Limited data are available on return to sports and patient psychometric ratings of success after patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) in younger patients with high expectations to return to an active lifestyle. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this article was to determine the role of PFA and its success in meeting patient expectations regarding the return to low-impact recreational sports and an active lifestyle in younger, active patients. It was hypothesized that PFA would allow younger patients to return to low-impact sports and an active lifestyle and achieve high patient psychometric ratings...

The long-term operation of power equipment and power electronics can cause local overheating and discharges in the insulation material, resulting in irreversible insulation damage. Further development of such damage can eventually lead to equipment failure, but this problem is very difficult to solve. In this paper, inspired by how the petals of morning glory change color with the environment due to the presence of pigmented globules, a dual-function heat alert in the form of a self-healing (HASH) microcapsule with a nested structure is prepared by using microfluidic technology...

This study aims to analyze the feasibility of building an evaluative model for the management of the Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Program in the State of Roraima, located on the border between Brazil and Venezuela. This is an evaluability assessment, a type of study used as a pre-evaluation of the development and implementation stages of a program, as well as throughout its execution. The study was developed in stages comprising the: (i) definition of the intervention to be analyzed and its objectives and goals; (ii) construction of the intervention logical model; (iii) screening of parties interested in the evaluation; (iv) definition of the evaluative questions; and (v) design of the evaluation matrix...

Introduction: [177 Lu]Lutetium (Lu)-oxodotreotide is a radiopharmaceutical drug used as peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) for somatostatin receptor-expressing neuroendocrine neoplasms. It provides an additional effective alternative treatment for these rare cancers. Although well tolerated, its safety profile must continue to be characterized to support its use as a first-line treatment or for additional cycles. This study aims to evaluate factors associated with the occurrence of [177 Lu]Lu-oxodotreotide induced short-term toxicity...

AIMS/BACKGROUND: The mother-to-infant is important for healthy child development. The current study focused on the association between maternal trait mindfulness and the course of maternal bonding from pregnancy to one year postpartum. DESIGN/METHODS: Women participating in a prospective perinatal cohort study ( n  = 1003) completed online questionnaires on maternal bonding (Pre- and Post-natal Bonding Scale) at 28 weeks of pregnancy, and at 8 weeks, 6 months and 12 months postpartum...

Anisotropic nanocrystals such as nanorods (NRs) display unique linearly polarized emission, which is expected to break the external quantum efficiency (EQE) limit of quantum dot-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the progress in achieving a higher EQE using NRs encounters several challenges, primarily involving a low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of NRs and imbalanced charge injection in NR-LEDs. In this work, we investigated NR-LEDs based on CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS rod-in-rod NRs with a high PLQY and higher linear polarization compared to those of dot-in-rod NRs...

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent a significant health problem worldwide and in Switzerland. Despite preventive measures and advances in treatment, cardiovascular diseases still lead to a significant number of hospitalizations in Switzerland (133 000 in 2021) and are for responsible for almost 1/3 of all deaths (19 600 in 2021). Emergency care for acute cardiovascular events now has a very high standard in Switzerland compared to other countries. However, there is a large discrepancy between evidence and daily practice (evidence-performance gap) in cardiovascular risk factor control, because a large percentage of patients do not achieve the goals of the guideline recommendations: 55% of hypertensives, 81% of patients with elevated LDL cholesterol and 44% of diabetics...

PURPOSE: To examine the cerebro-placental-uterine ratio (CPUR) in pregnant women with pregestational diabetes and determine its role in predicting adverse prenatal outcomes. METHODS: This prospective, cohort study conducted at a tertiary hospital included 65 patients with pregestational diabetes (25 with type1 diabetes, 40 with type2 diabetes) and 130 low-risk patients in the control group. The cerebroplacental (CPR) ratio and the CPUR were calculated. Composite adverse perinatal outcome (CAPO) is defined as the presence of any of the following: (1) Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, (2) Apgar at 5 min <7, and (3) umbilical cord arterial pH <7...

Leadership is emerging as an important component of health professional training. This study aimed to characterize current leadership development in accredited genetic counseling programs. Semi-structured interviews with program leadership were conducted to explore their program's leadership curricula and their perspectives on the meaning of leadership and its place in genetic counseling training. Eleven interviews were conducted and focused on seven categories related to study goals. Using the Framework Method, themes were generated within the predefined categories...

OBJECTIVE: The incidence of preterm delivery is much higher in twin pregnancies than in singletons and even higher if a short cervical length is detected in the second trimester. Studies are contradictory regarding the efficacy of a cervical pessary to decrease preterm birth in twin pregnancies and short cervical length. To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the efficacy of cervical pessary in prolonging gestation, preventing preterm birth, and reducing adverse neonatal outcomes in twin pregnancies with an asymptomatic short cervix...

OBJECTIVE: To determine if a single brain biopsy utilizing a freeze-core needle harvest system Cassi II under ultrasound guidance provides a diagnostic sample; to evaluate the technique's efficacy in procuring diagnostic samples in comparison with "open" surgical biopsies; and to describe intraoperative complications associated with the technique. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental clinical study. ANIMALS: Seventeen dogs and four cats with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnoses of readily surgically accessible intracranial masses...

INTRODUCTION: Drawing upon the framework of life course epidemiology, this study aligns with research on the mental health consequences of significant social transitions during early adulthood. The focus is on the variation in initial labour market attachment and the development of depressiveness, assuming that a firm attachment is associated with decreasing depressiveness. METHODS: The baseline investigation of the studied cohort ( n  = 1,001) took place during their final year of compulsory schooling at age 16...

INTRODUCTION: This systematic review examines the impacts of suicide bereavement on men's psychosocial outcomes relating to suicidality, mental health, substance use, grief, and social functioning. Given the high global incidence of suicide and the substantial number of individuals affected by each suicide, understanding the specific experiences and outcomes for men is crucial, particularly in the context of observed gender differences in suicide rates, grief coping styles and mental health outcomes...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor neuron disease with no definitive treatment. Vitamin B12 is not a Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment in the United States, although it has been prescribed off-label as ultra-high-dose methylcobalamin, which has been shown to be safe and effective in slowing functional decline in patients with ALS. This study evaluates the impact of Vitamin B12 injections on the quality of life of five patients...

BACKGROUND: There is no consensus concerning the rehabilitation protocol following reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Several patients are expecting to be able to use their arms for sports or recreation shortly after their operation. METHODS: This review was designed as an intervention systematic review with narrative analysis. Authors searched English literature in PubMed and Embase databases from 1/1/1989 until July 2022. Controlled studies comparing rehabilitation protocols for patients undergoing reverse shoulder arthroplasty were included...

The hydrological regimes of watersheds might be drastically altered by climate change, a majority of Pakistan's watersheds are experiencing problems with water quality and quantity as a result precipitation changes and temperature, necessitating evaluation and alterations to management strategies. In this study, the regional water security in northern Pakistan is examined about anthropogenic climate change on runoff in the Kunhar River Basin (KRB), a typical river in northern Pakistan using Soil and Water Assessment tool (SWAT) and flow durarion curve (FDC)...