keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38520156/developing-the-questionnaire-of-general-population-knowledge-attitudes-and-practices-towards-the-covid-19-outbreak
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hossein Namdar Areshtanab, Maryam Vahidi, Mina Hosseinzadeh, Zahra Khani
AIM: To develop the general population knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) questionnaire towards the COVID-19 outbreak. DESIGN: A methodological study. METHODS: The general population KAP questionnaire items were designed using a literature review. A panel of experts was used to calculate content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI). Construct validity was examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and hypothesis testing...
March 2024: Nursing Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38479263/positive-emotions-co-experienced-with-strangers-and-acquaintances-predict-covid-19-vaccination-intentions-through-prosocial-tendencies
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Catherine J Berman, Taylor N West, Jieni Zhou, Kelly R Tan, Michael M Prinzing, Barbara L Fredrickson
BACKGROUND: The efficacy of vaccination depends on its widespread adoption, making vaccine uptake not just a personal health behavior but also a prosocial one. Previous research has shown that everyday moments of co-experienced positive emotions (positivity resonance) are associated with higher prosocial tendencies, and these moments, in turn, prospectively predict people's pandemic hygiene behaviors. Yet, limited research has explored how moments of positivity resonance may have predicted greater COVID-19 vaccine intentions during the early months of the pandemic...
February 13, 2024: Social Science & Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38435297/use-of-immunology-in-news-and-youtube-videos-in-the-context-of-covid-19-politicisation-and-information-bubbles
#3
Rachel Surrage George, Hannah Goodey, Maria Antonietta Russo, Rovena Tula, Pietro Ghezzi
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic propelled immunology into global news and social media, resulting in the potential for misinterpreting and misusing complex scientific concepts. OBJECTIVE: To study the extent to which immunology is discussed in news articles and YouTube videos in English and Italian, and if related scientific concepts are used to support specific political or ideological narratives in the context of COVID-19. METHODS: In English and Italian we searched the period 11/09/2019 to 11/09/2022 on YouTube, using the software Mozdeh, for videos mentioning COVID-19 and one of nine immunological concepts: antibody-dependent enhancement, anergy, cytokine storm, herd immunity, hygiene hypothesis, immunity debt, original antigenic sin, oxidative stress and viral interference...
2024: Frontiers in Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37422341/-survey-on-hygiene-practices-after-the-covid-19%C3%A2-pandemic-in-efr-departments
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
S Günther, C Bancal, L Plantier
During the COVID-19 pandemic, airborne transmission of lung disease was a cause for major concern, and scientific societies published strict hygiene guidelines for pulmonary function tests (PFT) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). These guidelines led to a major decrease in patient access to PFT and CPET, and their relevance in the 2023 post-pandemic context may be called into question. Under the hypothesis that PFT/CPET expert centers have modified their practices in accordance with the applicable guidelines, a survey was conducted from the 8th through the 23rd of February 2023 in 28 French PFT/CPET hospital departments...
June 20, 2023: Revue des Maladies Respiratoires
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36336527/do-the-vaccinated-perform-less-distancing-mask-wearing-and-hand-hygiene-a-test-of-the-risk-compensation-hypothesis-in-a-representative-sample-during-the-covid-19-pandemic
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peter A Hall, Gang Meng, Mohammad N Sakib, Anne C K Quah, Thomas Agar, Geoffrey T Fong
The "risk compensation hypothesis" holds that vaccinated individuals may be less motivated to protect themselves using other COVID-19 mitigation behaviors-e.g., masking, distancing and hand hygiene-given that they may percieve thier infection risk to be lower. The current investigation provides an empirical test of the risk compensation hypothesis in the COVID-19 context using prospective data from the Canadian COVID-19 Experiences Survey (CCES). The survey comprised 1,958 unvaccinated and fully vaccinated individuals drawn from a representative sample, using quota sampling to ensure substantial representation of unvaccinated individuals...
October 20, 2022: Vaccine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36027906/multiple-bcg-vaccinations-for-the-prevention-of-covid-19-and-other-infectious-diseases-in-type-1-diabetes
#6
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Denise L Faustman, Amanda Lee, Emma R Hostetter, Anna Aristarkhova, Nathan C Ng, Gabriella F Shpilsky, Lisa Tran, Grace Wolfe, Hiroyuki Takahashi, Hans F Dias, Joan Braley, Hui Zheng, David A Schoenfeld, Willem M Kühtreiber
There is a need for safe and effective platform vaccines to protect against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other infectious diseases. In this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 2/3 trial, we evaluate the safety and efficacy of a multi-dose Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine for the prevention of COVID-19 and other infectious disease in a COVID-19-unvaccinated, at-risk-community-based cohort. The at-risk population is made of up of adults with type 1 diabetes. We enrolled 144 subjects and randomized 96 to BCG and 48 to placebo...
September 20, 2022: Cell reports medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34868595/helminth-infection-is-associated-with-dampened-cytokine-responses-to-viral-and-bacterial-stimulations-in-tsimane-forager-horticulturalists
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
India A Schneider-Crease, Aaron D Blackwell, Thomas S Kraft, Melissa Emery Thompson, Ivan Maldonado Suarez, Daniel K Cummings, Jonathan Stieglitz, Noah Snyder-Mackler, Michael Gurven, Hillard Kaplan, Benjamin C Trumble
Background: Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and humans share long co-evolutionary histories over which STHs have evolved strategies to permit their persistence by downregulating host immunity. Understanding the interactions between STHs and other pathogens can inform our understanding of human evolution and contemporary disease patterns. Methodology: We worked with Tsimane forager-horticulturalists in the Bolivian Amazon, where STHs are prevalent. We tested whether STHs and eosinophil levels-likely indicative of infection in this population-are associated with dampened immune responses to in vitro stimulation with H1N1 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens...
2021: Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34825149/associations-between-biomarkers-of-environmental-enteric-dysfunction-and-oral-rotavirus-vaccine-immunogenicity-in-rural-zimbabwean-infants
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
James A Church, Sandra Rukobo, Margaret Govha, Ethan K Gough, Bernard Chasekwa, Benjamin Lee, Marya P Carmolli, Gordana Panic, Natasa Giallourou, Robert Ntozini, Kuda Mutasa, Monica M McNeal, Florence D Majo, Naume V Tavengwa, Jonathan R Swann, Lawrence H Moulton, Beth D Kirkpatrick, Jean H Humphrey, Andrew J Prendergast
Background: Oral rotavirus vaccines (RVV) are poorly immunogenic in low-income countries. Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) resulting from poor water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) may contribute. We therefore tested associations between EED and RVV immunogenicity, and evaluated the effect of improved WASH on EED. Methods: We measured nine biomarkers of EED among Zimbabwean infants born to mothers enrolled in a cluster-randomised 2 × 2 factorial trial of improved WASH and improved feeding between November 2012 and March 2015 (NCT01824940)...
November 2021: EClinicalMedicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34596880/the-role-of-pediatric-bcg-vaccine-in-type-1-diabetes-onset
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
John Doupis, Konstantinos Kolokathis, Eftychia Markopoulou, Vasiliki Efthymiou, George Festas, Vasiliki Papandreopoulou, Chrysoula Kallinikou, Despina Antikidou, Golfo Gemistou, Theodoros Angelopoulos
INTRODUCTION: Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination has shown promising therapeutic effects for type 1 diabetes (T1D). According to recent studies, immunometabolism modification and regulation of T lymphocytes constitute the proposed mechanisms by which BCG vaccination may delay T1D onset. Clinical trial evidence from Turkey supports that two to three doses of the BCG vaccine in childhood, with the first dose administered in the first year of life, may prevent T1D. In the same study, one or zero vaccinations appeared to have no effect in T1D onset prevention...
November 2021: Diabetes Therapy: Research, Treatment and Education of Diabetes and related Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34413850/mycobacterium-induced-th1-helminths-induced-th2-cells-and-the-potential-vaccine-candidates-for-allergic-asthma-imitation-of-natural-infection
#10
REVIEW
Mohamed Hamed Abdelaziz, Xiaoyun Ji, Jie Wan, Fatma A Abouelnazar, Sayed F Abdelwahab, Huaxi Xu
Bronchial asthma is one of the most chronic pulmonary diseases and major public health problems. In general, asthma prevails in developed countries than developing countries, and its prevalence is increasing in the latter. For instance, the hygiene hypothesis demonstrated that this phenomenon resulted from higher household hygienic standards that decreased the chances of infections, which would subsequently increase the occurrence of allergy. In this review, we attempted to integrate our knowledge with the hygiene hypothesis into beneficial preventive approaches for allergic asthma...
2021: Frontiers in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34033844/microbial-exposures-that-establish-immunoregulation-are-compatible-with-targeted-hygiene
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Graham A W Rook, Sally F Bloomfield
It is often suggested that hygiene is not compatible with the microbial exposures that are necessary for the establishment of the immune system in early life. However, when we analyse the microbial exposures of modern humans in the context of human evolution and history, it becomes evident that, whilst children need exposure to the microbiotas of mothers, other family members and the natural environment, exposure to the unnatural microbiota of the modern home is less relevant. In addition, any benefits of exposure to the infections of childhood within their household setting are at least partly replaced by the recently revealed non-specific effects of vaccines...
May 22, 2021: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33740566/poststratification-as-a-suitable-approach-to-generalize-findings-of-two-cross-sectional-studies-along-the-bavarian-compulsory-school-entrance-examination-an-exemplary-poststratified-analysis-for-asthma-hay-fever-and-wheezing
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bernhard Kass, Susanne Kutzora, Alisa Weinberger, Uta Nennstiel, Annette Heißenhuber, Caroline Herr, Stefanie Heinze
BACKGROUND: A compulsory school entrance examination of pre-school children (SEU) is administered in the German state of Bavaria. Every second year since 2004, the examinations are expanded in six study regions using a cross-sectional survey design (GME). However, the extent to which the results of the GME surveys are generalizable to the SEU population is unknown. Therefore, this study carried out a poststratification of two different GME surveys. The aim was to observe the impact of poststratification on an exemplary analysis of influencing factors for three allergy and asthma related outcomes (hay fever, asthma, wheezing) and thus to better understand this important question...
March 16, 2021: International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33418320/bcg-immunomodulation-from-the-hygiene-hypothesis-to-covid-19
#13
REVIEW
Aaron J Moulson, Yossef Av-Gay
The century-old tuberculosis vaccine BCG has been the focus of renewed interest due to its well-documented ability to protect against various non-TB pathogens. Much of these broad spectrum protective effects are attributed to trained immunity, the epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming of innate immune cells. As BCG vaccine is safe, cheap, widely available, amendable to use as a recombinant vector, and immunogenic, it has immense potential for use as an immunotherapeutic agent for various conditions including autoimmune, allergic, neurodegenerative, and neoplastic diseases as well as a preventive measure against infectious agents...
December 24, 2020: Immunobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33050841/prevalence-of-past-hepatitis-a-infection-among-crohn-s-patients-and-controls-an-examination-of-the-hygiene-hypothesis-and-the-need-for-hepatitis-a-vaccination
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Parika Kalra, Anoop John, Rajeeb Jaleel, Ebby G Simon, Sudhir Babji, A J Joseph
Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of prior exposure to hepatitis A virus in Crohn's disease patients, whose IgG antibody levels against hepatitis A virus were compared with age and sex-matched controls. All of the 41 cases with Crohn's disease and 43 controls included in the study tested positive for IgG anti-hepatitis A virus antibody, with titres (38.8 IU/ml, 22-63.9; median, IQR) similar to those in controls (40.7 IU/ml, 17.3-66.7; p  = 0.75). Environmental sanitation remains poor in India, despite reasonable economic gains as reflected by universal exposure to hepatitis A virus infection...
October 13, 2020: Tropical Doctor
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32857679/is-there-a-rationale-for-using-bacillus-calmette-guerin-vaccine-in-coronavirus-infection
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nidhi Maheshwari, Ayush Jain
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic in 2020. The pathogen responsible for the COVID-19 has been found to be coronavirus (2019-nCoV) with human transmission through droplets, airway secretions, and even direct contact with host. Currently multiple drugs and their combinations are being tried for the treatment of the COVID-19 disease, but none approved. In absence of definitive and approved treatment, it is imperative that prevention of COVID-19 infection is of utmost importance. For the same, face masks, hand hygiene, isolation, and quarantine are being practiced all over the world...
August 26, 2020: Viral Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32773242/newborn-bcg-vaccination-complemented-by-boosting-correlates-better-with-reduced-juvenile-diabetes-in-females-than-vaccination-alone
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Benjamin Y Klein
Type 1 diabetes (T1D), like other autoimmune diseases, is on the rise since the second half of the 20th century. Hypothetically this has been ascribed to restricted exposure to microbial diversity due to advanced hygienic practices accompanying modernization, and increasing prosperity in urban versus rural habitats. The autoimmune animal model of T1D, inhibited by Bacillus Calmette Guerine (BCG), motivated testing the impact of BCG on T1D incidence in humans. Several epidemiological analyses, short of one, failed to demonstrate a protective effect of BCG against T1D...
August 6, 2020: Vaccine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32742130/risk-factors-associated-with-inflammatory-bowel-disease-a-multicenter-case-control-study-in-brazil
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Valéria Cristina Loureiro Salgado, Ronir Raggio Luiz, Neio Lucio Fernandes Boéchat, Isabella Sued Leão, Bianca do Carmo Schorr, José Miguel Luz Parente, Daniela Calado Lima, Eduardo Santos Silveira Júnior, Genoile Oliveira Santana Silva, Neogélia Pereira Almeida, Andrea Vieira, Maria Luiza Queiroz de Bueno, Júlio Maria Chebli, Érika Ruback Bertges, Luísa Martins da Costa Brugnara, Columbano Junqueira Neto, Stefania Burjack Gabriel Campbell, Luana Letiza Discacciati, João Paulo Silva Cézar, Tiago Nunes, Gilaad G Kaplan, Cyrla Zaltman
BACKGROUND: The etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unknown, but it is believed to be multifactorial. The hygiene hypothesis proposes that better hygiene conditions would lead to less infectious disease during childhood and favor the development of immune-mediated diseases. AIM: To test the hygiene hypothesis in IBD by assessing the environmental risk factors associated with IBD development in different regions of Brazil with diverse socioeconomic development indices...
July 7, 2020: World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32653475/opinion-does-the-hygiene-hypothesis-apply-to-covid-19-susceptibility
#18
EDITORIAL
Sharvan Sehrawat, Barry T Rouse
In this commentary we argue that the hygiene hypothesis may apply to COVID-19 susceptibility and also that residence in low hygienic conditions acts to train innate immune defenses to minimize the severity of infection. We advocate that approaches, which elevate innate immune functions, should be used to minimize the consequences of COVID-19 infection at least until effective vaccines and antiviral therapies are developed.
July 9, 2020: Microbes and Infection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32422630/vaccine-potential-of-mycobacterial-antigens-against-asthma
#19
REVIEW
Abu Salim Mustafa
Asthma is a cause of substantial burden of disease in the world, including both premature deaths and reduced quality of life. A leading hypothesis to explain the worldwide increase of asthma is the "hygiene hypothesis", which suggests that the increase in the prevalence of asthma is due to the reduction in exposure to infections/microbial antigens. In allergic asthma, the most common type of asthma, antigen-specific T helper (Th)2 and Th17 cells and their cytokines are primary mediators of the pathological consequences...
May 18, 2020: Medical Principles and Practice: International Journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31565184/consuming-cholera-toxin-counteracts-age-associated-obesity
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bernard J Varian, Theofilos Poutahidis, Gordon Haner, Alex Hardas, Vanessa Lau, Susan E Erdman
During the past forty years there has been an inexplicable increase in chronic inflammatory disorders, including obesity. One theory, the 'hygiene hypothesis', involves dysregulated immunity arising after too few beneficial early life microbe exposures. Indeed, earlier studies have shown that gut microbe-immune interactions contribute to smoldering inflammation, adiposity, and weight gain. Here we tested a safe and well-established microbe-based immune adjuvant to restore immune homeostasis and counteract inflammation-associated obesity in animal models...
September 17, 2019: Oncotarget
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