Ruga pattern

BACKGROUND: This research paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of gender identification utilizing palatal rugae. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The size of the sample that was selected included 100 people. They were made up of 50 men and 50 women, all in between the ages of 18 and 25. To examine their palatal rugae patterns, casts were made after taking maxillary impressions. Based on the size and rugae amount found on the left as well as the right sides, the palatal rugae patterns were investigated...

BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common hereditary hemoglobinopathy, which delays growth leading to an altered skeleton and craniofacial pattern. Palatal rugae patterning has been considered the regulator of the development of the palate. The purpose of the research work was to study the morphology of the palate, rugae pattern, and its dimensions in SCD children and compare them with healthy normal children, and to evaluate its role as minor physical anomalies (MPAs)...

BACKGROUND: In post-mortem scenarios, often it is a very difficult process to establish a person's identity. Rugae are unique in that they are protected from trauma as they are insulated from heat by tongue and buccal pad of fat unlike fingerprint or lip print that is prone to destruction. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: This study was aimed to compare the palatal rugae among people of different races. The sole objectives of the study were to assess the predominant pattern in the selected groups, reliability of rugae pattern in personal identification, to evaluate reliability of sex determination and to compare the total number of rugae on right and left sides of the palate among the males and females...

Introduction The formation of palatal rugae is completed in the early intrauterine stage, and because of their unique and permanent pattern in each individual, they can be utilized in forensics to identify a person. Objective The primary objective of this study was to determine an association between the rugae pattern and the dental malocclusion system described by Angle. Materials and methods A prospective cross-sectional, observational study was conducted on pretreatment dental casts of 400 subjects in an age range of 18-40 years...

The secondary palate forms from two lateral primordia called the palatal shelves which form a contact in the midline, become adherent at the fusing interface (medial edge epithelia, MEE) and subsequently fuse. The gene encoding transforming growth factor-ß3 ( Tgfb3 ) is strongly and specifically expressed in MEE cells. Our previous study suggested that Tgfb3 expression is controlled via upstream cis-regulatory elements in and around the neighboring Ift43 gene. Another study suggested that the canonical Wnt signaling via ß-Catenin is responsible for the MEE-specific Tgfb3 gene expression, since deletion of the Ctnnb1 gene by a commonly used Keratin 14-Cre ( K14Cre ) mouse line almost completely abolished Tgfb3 expression in the MEE resulting in cleft palate...

No legal subsumption of dental impressions, plaster models and intraoral scanning has been attempted yet. It should be examined to what extent the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) applies to them. The aim of this study is to legally classify 3D intraoral scans and plaster models prepared on the basis of alginate impressions within the context of personal data safety and determination of legal protection applicable to their use. The authors set the deliberations concerning legal protection of plaster models and 3D intraoral scans in the light of recently published articles regarding palatal rugae pattern stability, thus enabling accurate personal identification regardless of age or dental treatment...

Background Palatal rugae patterns are useful in the field of forensic dentistry. Ethnicity has a significant effect on the development and final morphological pattern of palatal rugae. This study focused on a morphological analysis of the palatal rugae in a Saudi population to determine if any differences based on age and gender could support identifying an individual. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study conducted at the College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, was undertaken to evaluate 496 dental casts from the participant database of Saudi nationals from Riyadh...

Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the distal extension of the palatal rugae area as an anatomical constraint on the harvesting of palatal soft tissue grafts in a Saudi Arabian population. Additionally, factors that could affect or predict the extension were considered. Methods Three hundred seventy-four (374) dental casts from Saudi nationals currently residing in Riyadh (170 males and 204 females) were included. Two independent observers used a standardized probe to measure the posterior extent of the rugae on each stone cast bilaterally on a horizontal base...

In forensic medicine, it is important to identify whole or fragmented bodies. This aim can be particularly challenging in mass disasters. Palatal rugae patterns can be used as a surrogate parameter in forensic medicine. This stems from the difficulty in falsifying these patterns, their resistance to trauma, to decomposition for several days postmortem, and to combustion under high-temperatures, as well as being distinguishable among different races. The present study aimed to analyze the differences in the palatal rugae patterns among three Iranian ethnicities (Fars, Turkmen, and Sistani)...

The stomach is a site for various pathological conditions like congestive hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, peptic ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and carcinoma of the stomach. Further, for the treatment of obesity too, surgical manipulation of the stomach is done by a bariatric surgeon. With the availability of a wide range of diagnostic tools like barium meals, USG, CT scan, MRI, and endoscopy, it is possible to identify the variations in the position and shape of the stomach and developmental defects while diagnosing diseases...

OBJECTIVE: This study delineates the clinical and molecular spectrum of ANKLE2-related microcephaly (MIC), as well as highlights shared pathological mechanisms between ANKLE2 and the Zika virus. METHODS: We identified 12 individuals with MIC and variants in ANKLE2 with a broad range of features. Probands underwent thorough phenotypic evaluations, developmental assessments, and anthropometric measurements. Brain imaging studies were systematically reviewed for developmental abnormalities...

Human identification by virtue of dental identification is on the increase in the past few years and has served as a major adjunct in the identification process. The science associated with the dealing of evidences from dental, oral, and paraoral structures-Forensic Odontology, is a boon in itself. It has been seen that the role of forensic odontology has increased as most of the times teeth and other orally associated structures remain the only means of identification in the worst of scenarios where the conventional biometrics such as fingerprint, iris scan, palm print, etc...

The global scientific community is striving to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms and develop effective therapeutic strategies for COVID-19. Despite overwhelming data, there is limited knowledge about the molecular mechanisms involved in the prominent cytokine storm syndrome and multiple organ failure and fatality in COVID-19 cases. The aim of this work is to investigate the possible role of of α-lipoic acid (ALA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), in countering the mechanisms in overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inflammatory cytokines...

OBJECTIVE: The Hedgehog pathway is a fundamental signaling pathway in organogenesis. The expression patterns of the ligand Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) and key pathway components have been studied in many tissues but direct spatial comparisons across tissues with different cell compositions and structural organization are not common and could reveal tissue-specific differences in pathway dynamics. RESULTS: We directly compared the expression characteristics of Shh, and four genes with functional roles in signaling and whose expression levels serve as readouts of pathway activity in multiple tissues of the embryonic mouse head at embryonic day 15...

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To predict and correlate mandibular growth pattern using palatoscopy (average, horizontal, and vertical). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study includes 120 archived maxillary casts. One key person and two examiners performed the study; the key person was responsible for coding and collecting casts and radiographs, as well as calibration of the examiners. The key person divided the samples into three craniofacial growth pattern groups (average, horizontal, and vertical) based on Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (FMA), SN-GoGn, and facial axis angle and distributed them to the blinded examiners...

This study investigated, if genetic variants in BMP2, BMP4 and SMAD6 are associated with variations in the palatal rugae pattern in humans. Dental casts and genomic DNA from 75 patients were evaluated. Each patient was classified as follows: total amount of rugae; bilateral symmetry in the amount, length and shape of the palatal rugae; presence of secondary or fragmentary palatal rugae; presence of unifications; predominant shape; and predominant direction of the palatal rugae. The genetic variants in BMP2 (rs1005464 and rs235768), BMP4 (rs17563) and SMAD6 (rs2119261 and rs3934908) were genotyped...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the cross sectional study was to investigate the distal extension of the rugae area in a Jordanian (Middle Eastern) population, as an anatomical limitation influencing the surgical decision of harvesting a palatal soft tissue graft. Factors that may influence or predict the extension were also assessed. METHODS: Sixty periodontally healthy participants (29 males and 31 females) were included. Maxillary alginate impressions were made and casts were poured...

Background: Palatal rugae are asymmetric and irregular ridges on the anterior palatal region, which have proven to be useful in the field of forensic dentistry. This study aims to use morphological analysis of palatal rugae patterns to assess sex in a South Indian adult population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken to evaluate a total of 300 maxillary dental casts (150 males and 150 females). The rugae patterns were marked by one observer and classified as per Thomas and Kotze criteria by another observer...

AIM: To analyze the morphological parameters of palatal rugae in a population of Maharashtrian ancestry. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 1000 subjects of Maharashtrian ancestry with at least 3 generations on the mother's and father's side. Their palatal impressions were obtained with alginate and the casts were analyzed for length, shape and direction of palatal rugae. RESULTS: Our results showed that the most predominant rugae were primary followed by secondary and fragmentary with significant differences between them...

This observational study compared palatal rugae morphology in adolescent subjects with normal tooth number and tooth agenesis. Maxillary dental study casts were used to compare rugae number, length and shape. Each study group contained 60 subjects (30 females and 30 males) mean age 13.4 (SD, 1.55) in control and 13.56 (SD, 1.54) years in tooth agenesis groups (p = 0.576). Mean number of missing tooth units in the tooth agenesis group was 2.1. Mean number of primary rugae in the whole sample was 4.35 (SD, 0...